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Rehabilitation Act of 1973

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1) What did it accomplish?
- It's purpose is to protect those with a disability from discrimination in any setting where federal funding was provided.

2) What makes it unique?
- No one can be excluded or discriminated against because of their disability. It targets every person with a disability from preschool through all stages of life.

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1) How did it benefit students, parents, teachers, or anyone?
- It protects any student who has a physical or mental impairment, that limits life activities, by removing barriers. It also provides Free and Appropriate Education for such students.
- It prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in programs and activities that receive federal funding.

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This section requires school districts to provide free appropriate public education (FAPE) to all students with disabilities. No student shall be excluded and should receive the same public education as everyone else.

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The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990

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1) What did it accomplish?
- It prohibits discrimination in employment, public accommodations, transportation, and telecommunications.

2) What makes it unique?
- It offers equal opportunities for all people with disabilities, and employers are not prohibited to ask questions regarding one's disabilities.

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1) How did it benefit students, parents, teachers, or anyone?
- Employers with more than 15 employees must make accommodations for employees with disabilities. Businesses are also required to make necessary renovations to their facilities that allow the disabled to move freely.

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This Act falls under the Least Restrictive Environment (LRE), because people with disabilities are required to be/work in an environment that is accommodated for them.

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The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Amendments Act of 2008

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1) What did it accomplish?
- To restore the intent and protections of the ADA of 1990. This clearly states and explains the intended actions of Congress when enacting the ADA of 1990.

2) What makes it unique?
- It considers the purpose of the ADA, threshold issues, and other court decisions.

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1) How did it benefit students, parents, teachers, or anyone?
- It rejects the Supreme Court and lower court interpretations and amends the ADA to provide broader coverage.

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This Act, like ADA, falls under Least Restrictive Environment (LRE). This allows those with disabilities to work in the appropriate work space.

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Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EHA) of 1975

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1) What did it accomplish?
- This act guaranteed a free, appropriate public education (FAPE) to each child with a disability in every state and locally across the country.

2) What makes it unique?
- It requires all public schools to accept federal funds and must provide equal access to education for children with physical and/or mental disabilities. This act applies to all students with disabilities from ages 3-21.

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1) How did it benefit students, parents, teachers, or anyone?
- This Act gives all students with disabilities free, appropriate public education (FAPE), and must work in the Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) for those students. Professionals are required to create an individualized education plan (IEP) with parent input.

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This law addresses FAPE, LRE, and IEP. This is beneficial to everyone with disabilities in special education.

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The Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments of 1986

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1) What did it accomplish?
- Establishes a new Early Intervention State Grant program to serve infants and toddlers from birth through the age of two.

2) What makes it unique?
- It provides services to families who have children who were born with disabilities. These services start immediately after birth.

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1) How did it benefit students, parents, teachers, or anyone?
- This law makes a requirement for states that offer interdisciplinary educational services to disabled toddlers, infants, and their families to receive financial grants.

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This act requires free, appropriate public education to children with disabilities. This law makes it a requirement for states to offer interdisciplinary educational services.

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Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) of 1990

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1) What did it accomplish?
- There has to be a transition plan in the Individualized Education Plan (IEP), no later than age 16.

2) What makes it unique?
- It added traumatic brain injury (TBI) and autism to the category of disabilities.

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1) How did it benefit students, parents, teachers, or anyone?
- This act provides students with disabilities a public education to prepare them for further education, employment, and independent living.

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This act provides free, appropriate public education (FAPE), and an individualized education plan (IEP) for all students with disabilities. This act also provides parent and teacher anticipation, because it provides regular, consistent, and cooperative communication between parents and educators.

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The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) Amendments of 1997

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1) What did it accomplish?
- This allows a school to place a child with a disability in an alternative educational setting for no more than 45 days if the student has been involved with drugs or weapons.

2) What makes it unique?
- This retains the major provisions of earlier federal laws in this area.

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1) How did it benefit students, parents, teachers, or anyone?
- The definition of disabled children expanded to include developmentally delayed children from 3-9.

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Assures a free appropriate public education (FAPE) available to all children with disabilities, in the least restrictive environment (LRE), and the guarantee of due-process procedures and procedural safeguards.

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The Individuals with Disabilities Education (IDEA) Improvement Act of 2004

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1) What did it accomplish?
- It is a major reauthorization and revision of IDEA. The new law preserves the basic structure and civil rights guarantees of IDEA but also makes significant changes in the law.

2) What makes it unique?
- It provides for expedited timelines for hearings under the disciplinary procedures. The regulations reflect the statutory language and also shorten time lines for the resolution session process when expedited hearings are involved.

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1) How did it benefit students, parents, teachers, or anyone?
- It increased the focus on accountability and improved outcomes by emphasizing reading, early intervention, and research-based instruction by requiring that special education teachers be highly qualified.

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Assures a free appropriate public education (FAPE) available to all children with disabilities, in the least restrictive environment (LRE), and the guarantee of due-process procedures and procedural safeguards.

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The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001

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1) What did it accomplish?
- An act to close the achievement gap with accountability, flexibility, and choice, so that no child is left behind.

2) What makes it unique?
- Implements standard-based assessments in reading and math for grades 3-8.

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1) How did it benefit students, parents, teachers, or anyone?
- Grants were provided to states for assessment development.

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This Act addresses the Least Restrictive Environment (LRE), and Appropriate Evaluation. This is because it is required for children with disabilities to be tested to see where they are developmentally.

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Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Citizens v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania of 1971

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1) What did it accomplish?
- This lawsuit required the state to evaluate and place all students with mental disabilities ages 6-21 in a proper publicly funded educational setting.

2) What makes it unique?
- It was the the first right-to-education suit in the country

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1) How did it benefit students, parents, teachers, or anyone?
- The court ruled that the state could not deny an individual's right to equal access to education based on an intellectual or developmental disability status.

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This lawsuit addresses free, appropriate public education (FAPE) because it requires equal access to education no matter what disability the person has.

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Board of Education of the Hendrick Hudson Central School District v. Rowley of 1982

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1) What did it accomplish?
- The final ruling favored Hendrick Hudson Central School District’s decision not to provide Amy Rowley with an interpreter.

2) What makes it unique?
- It was a case concerning the interpretation of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975. Amy Rowley was a deaf student, whose school refused to provide a sign language interpreter.

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1) How did it benefit students, parents, teachers, or anyone?
- They determined that schools must provide students with disabilities with the same quality educational services already provided to students without disabilities.

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This Supreme Court Case addresses free, appropriate public education for all students, because it determines that all students, with or without disabilities, must be given equal access to education.

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Daniel R.r., Plaintiff-appellant, v. State Board of Education of 1989

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1) What did it accomplish?
- It created a platform for including children with disabilities in normal classes as well as in extracurricular activities.

2) What makes it unique?
- It determined that students with disabilities have a right to be included in both academic and extracurricular programs of general education.

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1) How did it benefit students, parents, teachers, or anyone?
- It provided inclusion for students with disabilities.

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This lawsuit addresses the Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) because it determines that all students should get equal education, and those with disabilities shall be included in both academic and extracurricular activities in general education.

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The Oberti v. Board of Education of the Borough of Clementon School District of 1993

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1) What did it accomplish?
- This case established that if placement outside the classroom is necessary, the school district must then include the child in as many school programs with children who do not have disabilities to the maximum extent appropriate.

2) What makes it unique?
- It established a test to determine whether a school district is in compliance with the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).

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1) How did it benefit students, parents, teachers, or anyone?
- It prohibits a school from placing a child with disabilities outside of a regular classroom if educating the child in the regular classroom, with supplementary aids and support services.

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This case addresses the Least Restrictive Environment (LRE), because it prohibits exclusion with students with disabilities in regular education classrooms.

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Cedar Rapids Community School District v. Garret F. of 1998

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1) What did it accomplish?
- It ruled that the 1990 Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) requires school boards to provide continuous nursing services to disabled students who need them during the school day.

2) What makes it unique?
- The Supreme Court issued a favorable decision on behalf of child who needed medical services to attend school.

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1) How did it benefit students, parents, teachers, or anyone?
- All students with disabilities who require nursing services shall be provided with them.

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This case addresses free, appropriate education (FAPE) and least restrictive environment (LRE) because it gives equal opportunities to all students, disabilities or not.