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The Magna Carta, also known as The Great Charter, was a sort of statement composed by rules which were rights that defended the figure of barons and their work in front of King Jhon's court. It was signed under obligation by King Jhon and was exactly an agreement between him and the freemans who complain about the injustice of the heavy imposition of taxes onto them and their family issued by the court. These rules were asablished in clauses that changed in the progress of years and were splitted out in:

1. baron's specific complaints (63)

2. baron's rights which soonly became human rights

From then on the barons, which represented a little part of the comunity itself, were called "freemans", and the King must not oppose their demands: his "divine right" was not present on them anymore and it was the first time that a king was subject to the law.

The most known human right of the Magna Carta is explained in clause n. 39 which state that people cannot be imprisoned without a previous fair trial; this rule is the origin of th famous principle of "habeas corpus". This clause is replicated in other declaratoins and statements as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights(1948) in article 9 and in the European Convention on Human Rights(1959) in article 9.

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SDG: the 17 goals of the ONU for a better world

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SDG: the 17 goals of the ONU for a better world

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In 2015 ONU issued the 17 general goals which are called SDGs( Sustainable Development Goals) to reach out in 2030  stated out by the Resolution of United Nations. The general goals establish in 169 and circle around the integration of the three dimensions of the sostainable development ( ambiental, social and economical) that fight back the poverty in all of its kinds and promote peace in the world. The goals were once, in 2015, 8 and called Millenium Development Goals by the UNGA, but after 2 years (in 2017) they were refined more thoroughly and the name was changed in 2030 Agenda (now inverted).

Through 2020 there have been leading on problems which affected the dissolution of all 17 SDGs objectives caused by COVID-19 Pandemic.

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In Italy, Europe and North America there had been caused struggles, protests and sacrifices to gain Democracy, which is still absent in many countries by now.
Democracy has always been the U.E. principal fondament from whom thanks is given by the addition of the 3 principal keys in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights:
1. basic human rights
2. freedom
3. regular, free election by universal suffrage
Thanks to these keys we now have important and social-political law that serf as instruments to let democracy keep ruling on the world.
They promote culture, elimination of fear for unsafety, participation of all kind of humans, who are equal to the law.
Sadly, democracy has been lately exposed more and more to its destruction by organisations planned out by civilians that are pretty similar to fascist and racist past movements which contributed to elimination of freedom, which is hard to keep alive.

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Iceland is a country, despite an island, in the northern Europe and it takes part in the Scandinavian region. It is situated between the greenland sea, in the north, and the north atlantic ocean, in the south. They say that tourists that get into Iceland to visit it are six times all the population, wich is around 350.000.

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They call Iceland one of the most renewed country in therms of ecosostenibility and renewability, because 100% of the energy comes from renewable sources which are costantly harnessed: the force given by the movement of water in waterfalls and the steam and heat produced by the activity of vulcanos under the surface.

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A good part of the electricity, the 75% of electricity in Iceland is given by the force of water in waterfalls. One of the most known is Gullfoss, about 30 mt high, with a capacity at about 140.000 liters par second in summer and 70.000 in winter also one of the biggest tourists attractions, visited by about 1.340.000 tourists par year. his is just one of 10.000 waterfalls in all around iceland. You may think: there will certainly be hydroelectric plants in Iceland, right? Yes, that's correct, but not a lot, just ten to be clear, because damming all of the 10.000 waterfalls could be a sort of destruction of a big valuable patrimony. The energy here becomes electricity in a facility based on a dum, the water goes down until it meets a turbine that, thanks to water's force, start to rotate really fast, and so the rotation produces energy.

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Under the surface of Iceland geothermal activities go on, activities that produce and spread out steam and rarely magma out vulcanoes.
One of the most straordinary and unique activities that go on underneath the floor is the friction of two techtonic plates of all the seven: the North American one and the Eurasian one.  The friction of these plates procures an amount of heat that can be used to create energy, in fact it's the catalyst of geothermal energy.
The energy is harnessed by a total of 4 geothermal plants, that produce electricity. In fact the steam, that pass by deep and big drills, comes up to surface and goes into a facility thanks to series of popelines where it makes big rotors and rotor blades move, so by it the rotation can be translated into electricity.
A curious thing is that, since steam is composed also by hydrogen sulfur but also by CO2, it can be really dangerous for earth, but, to not lel it introduce in open air, the facility sends it back to the underground, re-ejecting it onto rocks making it solidify and realize beautiful minerals.

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Thanks to a Zac Efron episode we got to know that in Reykone's Peninsula, specifically in a village called "Laugarvantn" , people there prepare rye bread using a"natural oven", which are basically the springs that are accured by geothermal energy, which is really intense: in fact the coast where Laugarvantn is situated is really near to a well-known and active vulcano, Hekla. Rye bread is, by tradition, matched with eggs and ham, that makes it more delicious than it alresdy is.

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A majestic landscape, a charming territory, a unique composition, an everlasting fauna: this is what we now call Iceland. Nowadays we don't hear her a lot, in the past she was at the mercy of Europe and America, but now she ends to be the best european example of sustainibility, of life: magma used for power, as well as water and basically no oil, coal desturbing and detroying the air and the territory. Varieties of ecosystems, plates meeting, this is still in our world.

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But how and why Iceland is visited by so many people? It's because of its variety of ecosystems, composed by ice, of course, but also rivers, waterfalls, valleys and mountains.
Everybody calls the Iceland "the Land of Ice and Fire", because there's a whole lot of geothermal activities going throughout the underground, which causes the creation of fire, magma and of course steam, and at one time an extremeously cold climate.

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One of the most known and appreciated local food is chocolate mixed with a lot of different flavours given by pistachoes, almond, nut and so on. By it you can have your own costum chocolate bar, a bar with your own favourite sweet flavours mixed up!!