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Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS): standardized worldwide

should be displayed on every chemical and location they are stored at

must be in language that every worker understand

PICTOGRAMS:
- health hazard
- flame: flammable
- exclamation mark: irritant
- gas cylinder: gasses under pressure
- corrosion
- exploding bomb: explosives
- flame over circle: oxidizers
- skull and crossbones: poisonous
- environmental hazard

chemical product labelling GHS: total of 7
reduced GHS label has 2

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companies should have a register / logbook of all hazardous chemicals being used in their workplace

SHOULD INCLUDE:
- chemical name and supplier
- chemical inventory (where chemical stored / used / amount)
- person that use / are at risk of exposure to chemicals

register must be updated annually for tracking of chemicals, etc.

company obtain SDS from chemical supplier when buying chemical and must be updated when necessary, also must be made readily available to those that use / are at risk of exposure

GHS PURPOSE:
- identify the hazards
- assess the risk
- precautionary measures

total of 16 sections in GHS SDS

updated and reviewed every 5 years

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1. appropriate labels (full or reduced, according to the type of use the chemical is in)
2. workshops to teach workers SWP eg emergency response, and preventing
3. first aid training or training workers how to react eg. where you teach workers to emergency respond

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to ensure safety for contract work involving hazardous chemicals is carried out in the workplace.

develop SWP and implement for own staff as well as contract workers

contract workers are to provide information on the hazards and have to be trained on controle measures for safe work with chemicals.

health of workers, safety and health performance and management are criterias to look out for when selecting contractors.

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Semi-Quantitative Risk Assessment (SQRA)
- For risk due to inhalation
- Formation of the workgroup
1. Representatives from the management, employees, and competent person in hazardous substance
2. Perform a  breakdown of the work process to identify hazards and workers affected
3. Identify the chemical and its form (can be done by checking the SDS)
4. Determine hazard rating (need to carry out the calculation from steps 6a/b and 7a/b, then refer to the table)
5. Conduct Interviews and inspection
6. Degree of exposure: frequency and duration of exposure, route of exposure
6a) If air monitoring is available
6b) If air monitoring is not available
- Vapour pressure
- Detectable odour/ permissible limit
- Hazard control measure
- Amount of chemical used
- Duration of work per weej
7a) If air monitoring is available: Exposure rating
7b) f air monitoring is not available: exposure rating
8. Evaluate risk and significance of risk
9. Take corrective actions
10. Record assesment
11. Review assessment
Risk assessment and control
- Hazard identification
- Risk evaluation
- Hierarchy or control
- Risk Control
- PPE and safe work procedure

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- Things to take note of chemicals during storage can be found on SDS
- Primary containment system
- Material compatibility
- Secondary containment system
- Types of hazards stored e.g fire-rated storage cabinets
- Chemical compatibility
- Size of secondary containment e.g WSH guidelines the container should contain 100% of the spill
- Design of chemical storage facilities
- Types of hazardous chemicals stored
- Level of containment required
- Chemical and Material compatibility
- Amount of ventilation required
- Worker: how to safely handle and store, special storage requirements
- Appropriate licensing and permit
- Communicate risk to workers transporting the chemical
- Proper labeling of vehicles
- Equip with  appropriate fire fighting equipment
- Appropriate training on preventing and mitigating the release
- Follow the appropriate route

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chemical waste can be classified that are disposed as toxic industrial waste:
- liquid
- sludge
- solid
- mixed waste

toxic waste are potentially detrimental to human health and the environment and require special management, treatment and disposal. Handling and overall management of toxic industrial waste is controlled under Environmental Public Health (Toxic Industrial Waste) Regulations 1988

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8. Workplace monitoring & medical surveillance 

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8. Workplace monitoring & medical surveillance 

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Pre-employment & regular medical exam needed to monitor health of workers due to exposure of hazardous substance
- Interventions can be taken ASAP if needed
- Test & intervals found in Workplace Safety and Health (Medical Examinations) Regulations

eg. pre-placement medical exam (within 3 months of employment): clinical exam (review medical history), blood & urine tests, fit/unfit for exposure
periodic medical exam (every 12 months): clinical exam (emphasis on haematological & central nervous systems), blood & urine tests

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3. Register of Chemicals and Safety Data Sheets

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3. Register of Chemicals and Safety Data Sheets

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10. Emergency Planning and First Aid Procedures 

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10. Emergency Planning and First Aid Procedures 

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Possible emergencies that result from hazardous chemicals such as fires, explosions, chemical spills or leaks, and uncontrolled release of toxic chemicals.

- Develop an emergency plan based on type of chemical used in workplace. plan include:
1. assessment of nature and size of emergency scenarios
2. procedures for actions to be take n on-site, for example:
first aid, fire-fighting, rescue and evacuation, decontamination
3. establish emergency control centre to coordinate rescue and mitigation activities
4. procedures on liasing with relevant authorities including emergency services

first aid programme:
- to provide emergency treatment for cases of excessive exposure to toxic chemicals or chemical poisoning
- first aid facilities, first aird personnel and types of first aid treatment
- developed based on various route of exposure / entry : ingestion, injection, dermal exposure and inhalation

with reference to lesson 10, we have the emergency response plan guidelines (under legislation and other sources of information relevant to hazardous substances)

ERPG is a guideline established by AIHF. it estimates the concentration at which the public will begin to experience health effects if they are being exposed to hazardous airborne substances for 1 hour. using the guideline, the values is useful for emergency responders to use to gauge in how to protect the public.

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Any procedure for carrying out work safely including procedures needed to be taken to protect safety & health of person in an emergency
- Needs documentation, communicated & can be produced for inspection when needed
- Needs to be establish when there is no reasonably practicable measure to min. risk @ work
- Scope of SWP:
1. Provision of suitable PPE
2. Safety precaution to be taken during work & emergency

PPE
1. Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC)
2. Hand protection (Gloves)
3. Respiratory protection
4. Eye protection

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1. appropriate containments are chosen for the chemicals accrding to the material compatibility for the containment  syetem
2. procument procedures should be done for the chemical according to the safety DATA sheet & GHS labels

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1. policy to prevent accidents like e minamata disease & bhophal disaster
- ensure safe use such as proper disposal and
- ensure safe doses of e chamical at a time
2. stretegic control
- appropriate engineering controls & PPE according to the characterics of the chemical
- teaching appropriate SWP to employees and holding them accountable for incidences