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Healthcare Beliefs of the 21st Century

Use of alternative, complementary, and integrative therapies

Increased need for affordable and accessible healthcare

Increased awareness and use of preventative healthcare

Healthcare Advancements of the 21st Century

Improvements in diagnostic digital imaging

Telemedicine created opportunities for virtual healthcare

Nanotechnology is also known as nanobots

Artificial intelligence

Robotic surgery

Gamification in therapies

Healthcare apps

Biosensors

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Clay County Medical Center - A Female Doctor Works in the 1980s

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Beliefs in holistic medicine

Holistic care involves caring for the mind, body, and spirit while focusing on wellness

Physical wellness

Social wellness

Mental wellness

Spiritual wellness

Awareness and Need for Cost containment - Many healthcare proposals to provide affordable healthcare

Medicare and Medicaid began in 1965

Most people insured under employer group plans

People & Healthcare Advancements

1967 - Mumps vaccine

1967 - First successful heart transplant (Barnard)

1969 - Rubella vaccine

1978 - AED developed

1987 - Separation of Conjoined Twins

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Adoption of Western medicine beliefs due to diagnostic advancements

Western medicine encompasses a system in which healthcare professionals such as doctors, nurses, therapists and pharmacists manage and treat disease using conventional evidence-based practices such as

drugs

surgery

lifestyle changes

treatment protocols

People and Healthcare Advancements:

1938 - Tetanus vaccine developed

1951 - Henrietta Lacks (Immortal (HeLa Cells)

1953 - Heart-Lung machine developed

1953 - DNA structure discovered (Crick & Watson)

1954 - Kidney dialysis machine developed

1955 - Polio vaccine developed

1956 - Stem cell transplants begin

1963 - Measles vaccine discovered

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Limited treatments due to limited diagnostics

Only a few doctors (Limited education)

Most doctors could carry every instrument they had in a travel bag

Treatments were performed in the home

Dissection led to increased knowledge of anatomy and physiology and disease processes

Hospitals were only near research institutions (Colleges)

Access was limited

Funding was limited

People and Advancements:

1906 - Food and Drug Administration established

1914 - Pertussis

1922 - Insulin discovered to treat diabetes

1926 - Diptheria

1928 - Penicillin discovered by Sir Alexander Fleming

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Monks rewrote medical books based on ancient Greece and Roman Empire medical practices

This led to renewed interest in medical practices

Arrived in Europe in 1347

Bubonic plague killed up to 75% of the population

Belief that disease was a punishment from god still existed for some

Medicines and procedures of this time period:

Bathing a patient in vinegar

Burning herbs

Prayer

Herbal treatments given by monks

Folk remedies

Religious treatments such as prayer

Vinegar used as an antiseptic to treat wounds

Physicians required to pass an examination

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Fall of the Roman Empire led to the start of the Dark Ages

Study and practice of medicine was prohibited, halting medical progress

Disease was thought to be a punishment from God

Illness was only treated by religious personnel with prayer

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Had the first hospitals (Not religious buildings)

Care given in a doctor's or patient's home

Developed the first sanitation systems

Ancient Roman Treatments:

Healthy diet

Herbal treatments

Massage

Emphasis on personal hygiene

Exercise

Surgery

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First to study the effects of disease on the human body

First to believe illness had natural causes

Believed healthy lifestyle improves one's overall health

Belief in the four humours needing to be in balance

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a photo of the laojun mountain nature reserve, henan province, china

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Social status was related to healthcare beliefs

Relgion and spirituality were related to healthcare practices

Belief you treated both the body and spirit

Ancient Chinese Treatments

Herbal medicines

Acupuncture

Dissection was prohibited

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Health beliefs were related to religion and social status

Belief that destroying the body would destroy the spirit

Began the use of natural treatments for disease

Priests were the physicians of this time period

Ancient Egyptian Treatments:

Leeches used for bloodletting

Embalming

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Beliefs in primitive times centered around religion and social status

Believed illness was a result of evil spirits in the body

Witch doctors treated illness and performed ceremonies to drive out evil spirits

Common Medical Procedures:

Giving plants, such as foxglove, to strengthen and slow heart rate

Trepanation, the drilling of a hole in the head, was used to release demons and treat headaches and epilepsy