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This result appears puzzling because each twin sees the other twin as moving, and so, as a consequence of an incorrect and naive application of time dilation and the principle of relativity, each should paradoxically find the other to have aged less. However, this scenario can be resolved within the standard framework of special relativity: the travelling twin's trajectory involves two different inertial frames, one for the outbound journey and one for the inbound journey.Another way of looking at it is to realize the travelling twin is undergoing acceleration, which makes him a non-inertial observer. In both views there is no symmetry between the spacetime paths of the twins. Therefore, the twin paradox is not actually a paradox in the sense of a logical contradiction.

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Coscia Mariachiara
Pero Giovanna
Piccolo Giovanna
Santonicola Maria
Xhemali Sara

Classe: VAU

Anno scolastico 2022/2023

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Einstein's theories     , Length Contraction  , Simultaneity  , Time Dilation

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Einstein's theories     , Length Contraction  , Simultaneity  , Time Dilation

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Adapted from google classroom knoledge and the photos from google .

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https://www.skuola.net/civilta-inglese/einstein-relativita.html

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Objects that are moving undergo a length contraction along the dimension of motion; this effect is
only significant at relativistic speeds.

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Time dilation is an actual difference of elapsed time between two events as measured by observers
moving relative to each other.

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The relativity of simultaneity is the concept that simultaneity is not absolute, but depends on the
observer’s reference frame.

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Einstein was still living in Berlin when the Nazi Party came to power.  Because he was Jewish, he lost his job and had to leave the country.  He moved to the United States in 1933 and worked at Princeton University. He became a US citezen and remained  in America , where he died in 1955.

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In 1905 he published his "special theory of relativity", while after ten years he published the theory of "general relativity". In 1913 he moved to Berlin and became a professor at the university.  He won the Nobel prize for physics and became famous all over the world.

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The gold is yellow because, due to the size of gold atoms, its electrons are travelling at over half the speed of light. Einstein’s theory tells us that at these speeds the mass of the electrons increases, which in turn means the energy needed to kick them up to another orbital is reduced.

So lower-energy blue photons are absorbed, and don’t get reflected by the gold. And if blue is removed, we see yellow.

https://www.sciencefocus.com/science/why-is-gold-yellow/

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His theories were also used in the creation of nuclear energy and nuclear weapons. 

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His theories were also used in the creation of nuclear energy and nuclear weapons. 

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Without Einstein's most famous equation — E = mc^2 — the sun and the rest of the stars wouldn't shine. In the center of our parent star, intense temperatures and pressures constantly squeeze four separate hydrogen atoms into a single helium atom, according to Ohio State University
(opens in new tab). The mass of a single helium atom is just slightly less than that of four hydrogen atoms. What happens to the extra mass? It gets directly converted into energy, which shows up as sunlight on our planet.
https://www.livescience.com/58245-theory-of-relativity-in-real-life.html

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All GPS navigators ,including mobile applications like Google Maps , function by measuring the distance from one point on Earth to one of many satellites orbiting our planet.  The time it takes for the signal emitted by the satellites to reach the receptor is measured to calculate the distance. The Theory of Relativity, explains why clocks on satellites are ahead of those on Earth by 38,000 nanoseconds. It doesn't seem like much, but if these nanoseconds weren't accounted for, GPS systems would be off by kilometers.

https://www.bbva.com/en/four-contributions-einstein-made-to-our-daily-lives/

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 Contributions that Einstein has made to our daily lives

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 Contributions that Einstein has made to our daily lives

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This equation led to the paradox of the twins.

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This equation led to the paradox of the twins.

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In physics, the twin paradox is a thought experiment in special relativity involving identical twins, one of whom makes a journey into space in a high-speed rocket and returns home to find that the twin who remained on Earth has aged more.

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From this second law there is  the origin of the famous equation 

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From this second law there is  the origin of the famous equation 

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In the General Relativity Einstein determinate that massive objects cause a distortion of space and time.

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The first theory is called "Special Relativity " which has 2 laws .
1- The first : the laws of physics are the same  for all  non-accelerating observers.
2- The value of the speed of light is CONSTANT

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Albert Einstein developed two theories.  His theories are useful to give a new view of the fundamental concept of time , space , energy and gravity.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B6kreUskcpo

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Do you really understand Einstein’s theory of relativity? - BBC News

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Albert Einstein was born in Germany in 1879. He was an intelligent child but he also loved music.  In 1896, Einstein went to college in Switzerland, got a job there, and became a Swiss citizen.  Einstein began studying physics in his spare time while working in Switzerland.