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Definition and explanation of phonemic awareness

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Classroom Activities that Support Phonemic Awareness 

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Classroom Activities that Support Phonemic Awareness 

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One developmentally appropriate classroom activity that supports the development of phonemic awareness is to use sound boxes to assist students in breaking words into single sounds (ReadingResource.net., 2009). With this activity, students would each have box strips, would put a game chip under each box, verbally name a picture shown, and push a game chip in a box for each sound they hear in that word (ReadingResource.net., 2009). This activity could be differentiated for students with exceptionalities by adding scaffolding or shorter words. Another classroom activity that supports phonemic awareness is to use a mystery bag for children to engage in rhyming. For instance, the teacher would place items in their bag, pull one object out at a time, and have the class share real or made-up words that rhyme with the object (ReadingResource.net., 2009). This activity can be differentiated for students with exceptionalities by reminding students of what makes a word rhyme, using scaffolding, emphasizing ending sounds, or using items that are of interest to the students.

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At Home Phonemic Awareness Activity and Website 

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At Home Phonemic Awareness Activity and Website 

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One at-home activity that helps the development of phonemic awareness is engaging in rhyming games with your child (Reading Rockets, 2024a). For example, Reading Rockets (2024a) shares the following example, “I am thinking of an animal that rhymes with big. What’s the animal?” Answer: pig. What else rhymes with big? (dig, fig, wig)”. This activity will meet the needs of all young learners learning to read because it involves children practicing, being aware of, and manipulating single sounds verbally. Stating words that rhyme with another word involves changing sounds in words, which is a component of phonemic awareness. Family members can also individualize this activity to meet their child’s needs, whether it be reminding them of what makes words rhyme, giving examples, and hints, or emphasizing ending sounds.

https://www.readingrockets.org/literacy-home/reading-101-guide-parents/your-kindergartener/phonological-and-phonemic-awareness

This website defines phonemic awareness and shares many at-home activities that can enhance phonemic skills. This resource meets the reading needs of all young learners because of the diverse activities that are provided. These diverse activities can also easily be altered to meet individual needs.

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Definition and explanation of phonics

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Classroom Activities that Support Phonics

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Classroom Activities that Support Phonics

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One classroom activity that supports phonics development is having students match image cards to the letter card that represents the first sounds in the word. This activity can be differentiated for students with exceptionalities by having teacher scaffolding or assistance, only focusing on 2-3 letters/ sounds at a time, or modeling language for the students. Another classroom activity that supports phonics is playing a grab the letter game. In this game, the teacher lays out letter cards on the small group table, and then says letter sounds one at a time, students then grab the letter card that corresponds with the sound. This activity can be differentiated by using diagraphs instead of letters, using only 2-3 letters, using more letters, having students wait until the teacher says “go” to grab a card, or by the teacher reminding students of the letter sounds before playing.

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One at-home activity that supports phonics is to engage in an alphabet scavenger hunt with your child (Reading Rockets, 2024c). This involves using a child’s book and having your child find each letter of the alphabet in order in the text (Reading Rockets, 2024c). This activity would meet the reading needs of all learners because children are identifying letters in a way where they can receive the support they need, as a parent is working beside them. Additionally, while engaging in this activity, parents can ask their child what sound the letters make to help develop phonics and later lead to reading.

https://www.readingrockets.org/literacy-home/reading-101-guide-parents/your-kindergartener/phonics-and-decoding-activities

This website explains phonics and provides readers with a great number of ways to help children develop and improve phonics skills at home. This resource will meet the reading needs of all learners because it provides readers with a variety of interactive activities to enhance children’s phonics skills, which is critical in reading development. The activities provided can also be differentiated to meet the differing needs of students.

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Definition and explanation of vocabulary

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Classroom Activities that Support Vocabulary

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Classroom Activities that Support Vocabulary

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One developmentally appropriate classroom activity that supports vocabulary development is for teachers to use a graphic organizer to preteach vocabulary and immediately have students engage in a turn and talk involving the new word (LD Center in Teacher’s Corner, 2023). This would involve the teacher giving students the definition, examples, and visuals of new vocabulary words, and the turn and talk involving questions that would require students to use the new word (LD Center in Teacher’s Corner, 2023). Another classroom activity that supports vocabulary development is engaging students in an example or nonexample game after learning a new vocabulary word (LD Center in Teacher’s Corner, 2023). This involves the teacher sharing scenarios or images and students sharing if it is an example or nonexample of the new word (LD Center in Teacher’s Corner, 2023). These activities can be differentiated for students with exceptionalities by keeping the visuals and definitions posted on the board or given to students for them to refer to, giving additional examples, or utilizing videos.

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At Home Vocabulary Activity and Website 

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At Home Vocabulary Activity and Website 

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One at-home activity that can assist children with vocabulary development is to talk and read with the child (Reading Rockets, 2024d). While reading and talking, it is important to point out, discuss, and ask questions about new or interesting words, helping the child learn the meaning of the words (Reading Rockets, 2024d). This activity will meet the reading needs of all students because the children are learning new words by engaging in this activity, and improving their vocabulary knowledge, which is critical in reading development. Additionally, parents can differentiate this activity by pointing out words that they believe their child does not know.

https://www.readingrockets.org/topics/vocabulary/articles/building-your-childs-vocabulary

This website shares a couple of ways to help improve children’s vocabulary development at home and provides tips on how to teach children new words. This resource will meet the reading needs of all learners because it assists families in learning ways to improve their child’s vocabulary development, which is critical in reading development.

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Definition and explanation of fluency

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Classroom Activities that Support Fluency 

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Classroom Activities that Support Fluency 

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One developmentally appropriate classroom activity that supports fluency is for students to engage in readers’ theaters (Texas Education Agency, 2024). This involves students reading and practicing scripts to perform as a play for the class (Texas Education Agency, 2024). This activity can be differentiated for students with exceptionalities by having shorter, longer, more complex, or less complex text as the script. Additionally, intentional grouping and scaffolding may assist students. Another classroom activity that supports fluency is student-adult reading (Texas Education Agency, 2024). This is a one-on-one activity where an adult reads independently first, to model fluency, and the student reads the same passage after the teacher (Texas Education Agency, 2024). This activity can be differentiated for students with exceptionalities by changing the length or difficulty of the reading or by providing additional scaffolding.

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One at-home activity that can assist with fluency development is for parents to model fluent reading to their child and then have their child reread the text to them (Texas Education Agency, 2024). This activity meets the reading needs of all young learners because they are exposed to fluent reading and practice reading themselves. Additionally, parents can alter this activity to better meet their child’s needs by using shorter, longer, easier, or more advanced text.

https://www.readingrockets.org/topics/summer-reading/articles/summer-reading-and-fluency-tips-parents-reading-rockets

This website explains fluency, its importance, and four ways parents can help their child improve their fluency. This resource meets the reading needs of all young learners because it helps parents learn ways to help their child improve their fluency, which is critical for reading comprehension.

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Definition and explanation of comprehension

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Classroom Activities that Support Comprehension 

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Classroom Activities that Support Comprehension 

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One classroom activity that supports comprehension is having students fill out graphic organizers like a story map or storyboard to sequence a story or its main ideas (Adler, 2024). This activity can be differentiated for students with exceptionalities by allowing students to either draw, write a few words, or write sentences on their graphic organizer. Additionally, students may be provided with additional teacher assistance, use the reading to help them complete the graphic organizer, or have a graphic organizer with sentence starters or fill-in-the-blank sentences. Another classroom activity that supports comprehension is the question-answer relationship comprehension strategy (Schulman et al., 2024). This activity would involve teaching students the four types of reading questions, reading a short text to students, after reading, asking students questions from the different types of questions, and modeling how to assess and answer the questions (Schulman et al., 2024). This activity can be differentiated for students with exceptionalities by using large books or projectors to make text larger so students can follow along or having students work in pairs or groups (Schulman et al., 2024). Differentiation can also be done by having more advanced or simpler questions asked.

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At Home Comprehension Activities and Website 

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At Home Comprehension Activities and Website 

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One at-home activity that can assist with the development of comprehension is reading to children and asking them to retell the story after (Dahl, 2024). This activity meets the reading needs of all young learners because it can improve reading comprehension, which is important when reading. This activity can also be differentiated for diverse learners by altering the text complexity, or by parents assisting their child in summarizing the story.

https://brittanydahl.com/blog/reading-comprehension/

This website shares ten at-home reading comprehension strategies for parents to use at home. This resource meets the reading needs of all learners because it provides parents with ways to enhance their child’s comprehension, a critical reading skill. The strategies shared can also assist diverse learners, as Dahl (2024) shares that parents should use visual, props, and select the right book for the child.