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In the end of chapter 3, Steinbeck creates a dramatic ending by building up tension. He uses strong emotions to show the upcoming event to make us the reader feel the intensity in the moment.

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In the end of chapter 3 Steinbeck creates drama with a fight scene where Lennie looks to George for help, George encourages him to defend himself then Lennie crushes Curly's hand. This is dramatic as it builds tension between the characters and the end is not expected as Lennie is not bright and would usually lose due to his relying on George.

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"Lennie looked helplessly at George, and then he got up and tried  to retreat."

Through this, Steinbeck effectively portrays Lennie and George's bond, but also Lennie's vulnerability, need for retreat and dependance on George. This is shown by the use of the adjective "Helplessly", which highlights his reliance on George and how he looks up to him the way a son looks up to a father, expecting a guiding, helping hand.

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Steinbeck makes the ending of chapter 3 dramatic because of the element of sadness involved. In other words, the ending of chapter 3 is dramatic because Steinbeck makes the reader feel sympathy for Lennie, as a consequence, linking it to the emotion of sadness. Evidence is shown when Steinbeck writes "Lennie's hands remained at his sides; he was too frightened to defend himself." This shows us that Lennie remains frightened and confused, which is significant as this demonstrates that he is a victim to Curly, therefore linking back to the fact that Steinbeck uses sadness and sympathy

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"I didn't wanta," Lennie cried. "I didn't wanta hurt him." Steinbeck uses this line to create a dramatic effect by capturing the fact that Lennie doesn't want to harm anyone, despite his immense physical strength. Most of the time, Lennie isn't aware of the strength he possesses over others, which heightens the tension in this moment because he doesn't know how badly he can affect others around him.

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At the end of chapter three Steinbeck makes the ending a dramatic moment by the way he describes Lennie's strength. the quotes ",and his closed fist was lost in Lennie's hand." and "curley was white and shrunken by now, and his struggling had become weak" show the contrast in size between Lennie and Curley. we can visualize clearly that curley's hand is "lost" in lennie's "paw".

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Instead of making the sense of worry fade away, the contrast between the dark and brighter scenes actually makes the reader more worried. The fact that Lennie is stupid and strong, having a simple mind with the audience aware of this and the possibility of a burst of action from him (the bunnies, the rats etc.) - create tension due to the worry the audience have for Lennie to initiate a violent action. Although the fight was short, the effects lasted due to the workers in the background who did not dare to get involved. We know that Curley and the two main characters now have stronger dislike for one another, making this short scene's effects long term.

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Slim smiled wryly. He knelt down beside Curley. "You got your senses in hand enough to listen?" he asked. Curley nodded. "Well, then listen," Slim went on. "I think you got your han' caught in a machine. If you don't tell nobody what happened, we ain't going to. But you jus' tell an' try to get this guy canned and we'll tell ever'body, an' then will you get' the laugh." 

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Slim smiled wryly. He knelt down beside Curley. "You got your senses in hand enough to listen?" he asked. Curley nodded. "Well, then listen," Slim went on. "I think you got your han' caught in a machine. If you don't tell nobody what happened, we ain't going to. But you jus' tell an' try to get this guy canned and we'll tell ever'body, an' then will you get' the laugh." 

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Steinback makes the ending of chapter 3 dramatic by making the underdogs (Slim, Candy) more powerful as individuals and it can also be seen that by banding together and forming a “family” of sorts, each character can depend on one another incase of any problem. Steinback uses this to captures this trope of “found family” between migrant workers in ranches and utilises this trope to create an ultimatum for Curley. This captures the dramatic essence as it brings a question upon the power and strength of Curley, suggesting that if people found out he instigated a fight and lost it would bring him great shame.

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"Curley sat down on the floor, looking in wonder at his crushed hand"

This statement is very powerful as it demonstrates the sheer shock and surprise Curley, an overly "confidently presenting" yet insecure character faces. He sits, still and defeated, still processing what exactly has just occurred. "Looking in wonder" emphasises this dreamy confused state he's in. His mask of confidence and bravery has now been shattered, and he sits alone, possibly rethinking his past behaviour.

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"Lennie was jus' scairt," he explained. "He didn't  know what to do." Steinbeck uses this to convey Lennie's feelings and lack of knowledge of how to act under pressure, His inability to function properly in difficult situations makes the reader empathise with him. This makes it a dramatic moment by letting the readers relate to Lennie as a sensitive character.

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Steinbeck creates tension throughout Chapter three in three main ways. Firstly by the characters, Curley is already described as someone associated with danger, and Lennie a big strong man incapable of controlling his own strength. This immediately creates tension as they’re both portrayed as dangerous characters, them getting into a conflict causes the reader to immediately sense danger. Secondly the big change between scenes from Lennie being confused, to him getting beat up by Curley, to George telling him what to do, to eventually Lennie fighting back although he had no intentions to. “Get him Lennie, don't let him do it” this quote shows how Lennie relies too much on George and without George the outcome would’ve ended a lot worse for Lennie. Steinbeck was clever to do this as it adds dramatic tension since Lennie was unsure whether to listen to George and whether he would let Curly beat him up or if Lennie would kill him. Lastly, the end of chapter three when Lennie gets seriously injured is when the tension starts to reach its highest point, as the readers are worried about what is about to happen next causing dramatic tension engaging the reader to continue.

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How does Steinbeck make the ending of Chapter 3 such a dramatic moment in the text?

Joyce’s analysis:

Chapter 3 came to a conclusion in a highly aggressive and dramatic manner. Ending by a fight, as Curley had his hand crushed, and Lennie and George claiming that Lennie didn’t intend to injure anyone. Chapter 3 concluded in a rather dramatic storyline, as the characters came together into a fight, further with a continuation of characteristics as George urges Lennie to grab Curley’s hand, ending with Lennie grabbing Curley’s hand and crushing it. The physical scene in the story easily adds dramatic elements to the text. Furthermore, Steinback made the conclusion even more dramatic, supporting the text with a wide range of techniques.

Steinback has gradually started to build tension throughout Chapter three, foreshadowing the eventual fight. Steinback has been jumping from scene to scene that included conflicting emotions to both the characters within the story, and us readers. From the beginning of chapter 3, we could already see the argument coming. Since the character of Curley has been introduced to us readers, we could already see that Curley’s character has a strong association with violence and danger. Hence the prediction of the aggressive fight. Moreover, as Curley's wife who started the argument mentioned that, “Curley whirled on Carlson”, which showed a clear perspective of a violent scene coming up, as the two most violent characters within the story came into an argument. This easily creates tension for us readers.

Steinback also used contrasting techniques to describe Lennie and Curley, which creates tension. As we could see, Lennie and George both had completely different approaches to the same situation. But knowing that Lennie has a constant habit of mimicking George, suggests that trouble would come up on the scene. Through the quotes of “Lennie looked blankly”, and “Curley was balanced and poised”, suggests that the aggressive character has been longing for this fight. Foreshadows and predictions that came to the attention of us readers, creates a strong sense of tension and upcoming danger, which contributes to the dramatic element of the ending of Chapter 3.

Furthermore, the last quote of Chapter 3 was the main running catalyst which raises the finalised tension of Chapter 3. Through the very short quote, “Well, get the hell out and wash your face.” The sentence itself was conveyed through a very simple language that’s easy to understand with no particular language techniques. However, Steinback used a very powerful word, “hell”, to increase the tension while concluding chapter 3. The word “hell” is usually expressed as a strong word or even a curse word within the English language. Concluding chapter 3 with such a strong word, empowers drama in the scene.

Margaret’s analysis:

Steinback emphasises the ending on Chapter 3 through the quotes: “ "I di'n't mean no harm, George."  And “Well, get the hell out and wash your face.”.

In the first quote, Lennie’s denial of the fact that he did nothing wrong to hurt Curley foreshadows that something significant between them may occur in the following chapter, which Steinback may have intended to hint to the reader. In the second quote and the last sentence of Chapter 3, George’s use of brash words such as ‘hell’ and ‘out’ to exemplify his scepticism of Lennie’s statement and his disappointment towards him, which assists in developing tension through the course of the tale. Steinback uses the connection of Lennie’s innocence with George’s serious air as a way to build the tension and drama in the story, to make the ending of Chapter 3 such a dramatic moment.

Devika’s analysis:

Chapter three begins with George introducing him and Lennie to Slim. Tension arises quickly as George talks about Lennie in a manner he shouldn't be. It seems to slip out of George, not intentionally. George quickly refutes his claim by repeating why Lennie is suitable for the job with statements like “but he sure can take orders” and “He ain't no cuckoo”. George displays regret with pauses in between sentences, claims and statements, “Like what happened in Weed—”, the pauses build tension in the bunkhouse, leading Slim to be keen and desperate to know what happened. Slim's repetition and calmness reinforces his power and determination which causes George to stutter and makes him feel forced to inform Slim, “You wouldn't tell?...No,’course wouldn’.”.

Penny's analysis:

In chapter 3, all the men were inside their bunkroom, when carlson starts speaking to Curley in a way he shouldn't be, and when curley sees that Lennie was smiling, he misunderstands because he thinks lennie is laughing bout the situation, while he was just daydreaming, this is seen  in this quote

''His eyes slipped on past and

lighted on Lennie; and Lennie was still smiling with delight at the  memory of the ranch.   Curley stepped over to Lennie like a terrier. "What the  hell are you laughing at?"

Then Curley gets mad and this is where things start getting heated, George starts throwing hands, Lennie doesn't know what to do and asks George for help, "George,"  he cried. "Make 'um let me alone, George." but George knows that Lennie is strong and can handle this himself.

"Get him, Lennie. Don't let him do  it."

But then we realise that Lennie didnt want to be part of this and he didn't want this to happen, he was just trying to defend himself, and he doesn't like hurting people, so when he hurt curley,  he didn't know what to do and got scared.

"I didn't wanta," Lennie cried. "I didn't wanta hurt him."

Steinbeck makes this emotional,  as we see that Lennie is sensitive and doesn't wanna hurt anyone.

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Steinbeck creates a dramatic ending to the end of chapter 3 because of the use of dramatic irony. This means that the author uses a literary device, dramatic irony which means the reader knows something the characters in the book don't, in this instance, Curley, to convey drama to the readers. In this context, Lennie was smiling to himself about the idea of a new ranch, when Curley comes in, and he thinks that Lennie was laughing at him, as is shown when Curly says "What the hell you laughin' at?" . This shows that Curly is in a hostile mood, because of the aggressive in his tone and Curly does not care what Lennie was smiling about, which we know he was smiling at the idea of the ranch, an example of dramatic irony. This is important because Curley was given the false misconception that Lennie was laughing at him and Curly wanted to expel his anger on Lennie, along with the fact that Curly does not like big people. This results in a one sided tension building up from Curly to Lennie and leading into conflict.

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"George," he cried. "Make 'um let me alone, George" 

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"George," he cried. "Make 'um let me alone, George" 

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Steinbeck encapsulates the dramatic intensity in the end of chapter 3 in three main ways. Firstly, through the use of direct dialogue to heighten the emotional impact of the scene. Secondly, through foreshadowing to create a sense of impending tragedy. Lastly, Steinbeck emphasizes the vulnerability of the characters, which adds depth and intensifies the dramatic tension.

Steinbeck employs direct dialogue in the end of chapter 3 to heighten the dramatic impact of the scene. This statement by Lennie showcases Lennie's desperate plea for help. By directly presenting Lennie's words, Steinbeck immerses the reader in the emotional intensity of the moment. The urgency and fear in Lennie's voice amplifies the dramatic tension in the moment, creating a sense of immediacy.

Furthermore, foreshadowing is shown when Steinbeck skillfully employs foreshadowing to create a sense of impending tragedy. Throughout chapter 3, hints and warnings about Lennie's strength and its potential consequences are presented. These foreshadowing elements build suspense and anticipation, adding to the overall dramatic intensity. This attracts the reader, while they become aware of the potential danger Lennie poses, heightening the tension and making the conclusion of the chapter more impactful.

Additionally, Steinbeck also emphasises character vulnerability of the characters, particularly Lennie, to enhance the dramatic intensity. He does this by conversing the readers with Lennie's innocence and limited understanding of the consequences of his actions. This vulnerability adds depth to the dramatic tension, as the reader becomes invested in the characters' well-being and anticipates the potential outcomes of their actions.

In conclusion, Steinbeck masterfully encapsulates the dramatic intensity in the end of Chapter 3 through three main techniques direct dialogue, foreshadowing, and character vulnerability. The use of direct dialogue immerses the reader in the emotional intensity of the moment, heightening the sense of urgency and fear. Foreshadowing creates a sense of impending tragedy, building suspense and anticipation. Finally, the emphasis on character vulnerability, particularly with Lennie, evokes empathy and investment in the characters, intensifying the dramatic impact. Through these techniques, Steinbeck skillfully converses the readers, eagerly awaiting the consequences of Lennie's plea and the unfolding events.

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"the next minute curley was flopping like a fish on a line,"

steinbeck uses this and makes the ending dramatic by switching the strongest the person in the room from curley to lennie in a minute. this makes things dramatic by buliding up the tension and then completely switching the authority so quickly

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‘But Lennie watched in terror the flopping little man whom he held. Blood ran down Lennie's face; one of his eyes was cut and closed.’

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‘But Lennie watched in terror the flopping little man whom he held. Blood ran down Lennie's face; one of his eyes was cut and closed.’

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Steinback uses characterisation to develop the characters of Lennie and Curley with depth and complexity, making the reader sympathise with their struggles. The characterisation of Curley, “the flopping little man” creates a vivid gruesome image in the reader’s head, describing the state Curley put himself in. “Lennie watched in terror” reflects the innocence of Lennie and his sympathy for Curley. This also allows the readers to infer that Lennie was stunned by the fact of what he had done to Curley.

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Steinbeck makes the ending of Chapter 3 dramatic through the escalating tension and panic of the fight. In the line, "George shouted over and over, "Leggo his hand, Lennie. Leggo", Steinbeck creates a frantic atmosphere,

not doen

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Quote: "What the hell you laughin' at?"

Steinbeck makes the ending of Chapter 3 a dramatic moment in the text by showing how insecure Curley is. He is a smaller man compared to other guys that work in the ranch. "What the hell you laughin' at?" This shows Curley's insecurities and his first reaction is to pick a fight. This is asked in an agressive way, making the situation more dramatic. Rather than asking in a calm way, this demonstrates that Curley is threatened. The phrase "hell" establishes a tense and dramatic atmosphere. "Hell" is a somewhat offensive word which intensifies the situation. By showing Curley's insecurities, Steinbeck creates dramatic moments and captures the attention of the audience.

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Then Curley's rage exploded. "Come on, ya big bastard. Get up on your feet. No big son-of-a-bitch is gonna laugh at me. I'll show ya

who's yella."

Steinbeck uses dramatic moments in the text because Curley chooses to fight Lennie not only because he was laughing at Lennie, but also because he thinks that Lennie is stupid and won't fight him back. This prejudice and self-confidence leads to a bigger hazard.

George yelled again, "I said get him."

This statement is very dramatic because it estimates the foreshadowing of what George said in Chapter 1, the reason Lennie did not fight him back was that he didn't want to cause any trouble.

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"Curley stepped over to Lennie like a terrier."

Steinbeck shows that Curley is a very insecure man. He is small and weak, yet he tries to fight everyone. His insecurity is his lack of masculinity. He sees his wife flirting with other men and that makes him think the perfect man is big, strong and tall basically the opposite of him. Steinbeck is clearly stating that the only way for Curley to make himself feel better is by showing his masculinity. And he shows it by wearing high heels and fighting with big strong men all the time. When Steinbeck wrote this quote, he is illustrating that Curley does not give up he is a small dog that cannot do anything to big breeds yet he does not give up.

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Steinbeck makes the end of chapter 3 a very dramatic moment by presenting Lennie’s fear and remorse. We know this because Lennie said “I didn’t want a,” “I didn’t want a hurt him.” This tells us that Lennie had no intention in breaking Curley’s hand, Curley threw a punch at Lennie and wasn’t sure what to do, causing him to panic after catching Curley’s hand and busting every bone in it.

Additionally, the phrase “Lennie looked helplessly at George, and then he got up and tried to rewrite” shows that he tried to back out, not wanting to fight against Curley or hurt him, unfortunately was left with no choice. This implies that Lennie is a kind, inn Moreover, as “blood welled from his nose”, we know that Lennie was being brutally beating by Curley, causing the reader to sympathise for Lennie due to the way that he was treated, making the end of chapter 3 even more dramatic.

Last but not least, when George says that “Sure, you ain’t done nothing wrong.”, he is attempting to comfort Lennie as he feels sorrowful after breaking Curley’s hand. This proves that George cares about the way Lennie feels and does not want him to feel scared or upset.

In conclusion, Steinbeck effectively uses powerful emotions to make a dramatic ending at the end of chapter 3.

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Before the fight had happened, George, Lennie and Candy were talking about how they would buy a ranch together and dreaming of a brand new life in the ranch. Curley, a short-tempered and violent character, confronts Lennie for giggling. Curley's query, "What the hell are you laughin' at?" implies that he interprets Lennie's laughter as directed at him or something objectionable. Moreover, Curley's abrupt approach towards Lennie, described as "stepped over... like a terrier," produces suspense and anticipation. Anthropomorphism is used to prove his insecurity of his height as he was “stepping over to Lennie like a terrier”. The word “terrier” means small energetic dogs originally used by hunters to drive game animals from their holes.  This action foreshadows a confrontation or conflict between the two protagonists. In addition, this suggests that Curley is vivacious by his actions when he’s in anger. The violent manner in which Curley approaches Lennie heightens the dramatic atmosphere. This emphasises the tense interaction between Curley and Lennie, anticipating future confrontation and shedding light on Curley's aggressive personality and impulsive reactions to perceived slights.