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Noa Levine, Kevin Patel, EJ Wekstein, Marissa Garcia, and Andrew Khoury

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Noa Levine, Kevin Patel, EJ Wekstein, Marissa Garcia, and Andrew Khoury

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What is the difference between Information Security and Cyber Security?

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What is the difference between Information Security and Cyber Security?

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Cyber Security is a part within Information Security, certain aspects of Information Security are not included within the realm of Cyber Security. Information Security focuses on establishing measures to keep information safe, while Cyber Security focuses more on protecting information technologically.

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Contributor, Deputy Editor

It's easy to confuse information security (infosec) and cybersecurity, as the two areas overlap in many ways. In fact, cybersecurity is a subset of information security. However, the fields are not quite the same, with each featuring distinct specialties and requiring different skill sets.

Even within the infosec and cybersecurity communities, the distinction between these terms is hotly debated and can be blurry. Many people use "information security" and "cybersecurity" interchangeably. However, understanding the textbook definitions of these terms can help you gain a deeper understanding of how the disciplines compare and interact.

Read on to learn more about the similarities and differences between information security and cybersecurity.

Information Security vs. Cybersecurity

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) recognizes information security and cybersecurity as separate career areas. That said, there is certainly an overlap between the two. Below are the key definitions and distinctions of each.

What Is Information Security?

According to NIST, infosec's core function is to safeguard information and information systems against unauthorized access and use. Unauthorized use as NIST defines it can include destroying, modifying or disclosing data, as well as disrupting the functioning of an information system.

The field aims to provide confidentiality, integrity and availability-three guiding principles that form a model commonly referred to as the CIA triad among industry professionals.

One way to understand infosec as compared to cybersecurity is to view the field as an umbrella term that includes all data, not just data stored within cyberspace. Infosec extends its protective umbrella not only over digitally-stored data, but also other forms of data, such as paper-based information. This demonstrates how cybersecurity is a type of information security, but the two fields are not identical.

Information security teams create and implement policies and systems to protect information. For large organizations, strict security systems and standard operating procedures are required to protect customers.

What Is Cybersecurity?

Living in the 21st century means much of an organization's data is stored in computer systems and networks. This is the case for nearly every industry, and the information must be protected to a high degree. Information security professionals with a cybersecurity focus are responsible for securing this digital data.

NIST defines cybersecurity as protecting, preventing damage to and restoring electronic communications services and systems. This includes the information stored in these systems, which cybersecurity professionals work to protect.

Cybersecurity covers everything that has to do with electronic systems and communications. Within the field of cybersecurity are subcategories that entail further specialization. These include areas such as cloud, network, endpoint, and critical infrastructure security.

The Biggest Differences

Confusion between information security and cybersecurity can occur since much of the information we want to store, protect and transmit exists in cyberspace. While cybersecurity is a part of information security, certain aspects of information security are not included within the realm of cybersecurity.

Information security is an overarching term for creating and maintaining systems and policies to protect any information-digital, physical or intellectual, not just data in cyberspace.

An information security expert may develop the means of data access by authorized individuals or establish security measures to keep information safe. Cybersecurity, on the other hand, focuses on protecting information from cyberattacks and threats such as ransomware and spyware.

How Information Security and Cybersecurity Overlap

Cybersecurity leader and SimSpace CISO Jordan Wigley points out, "While there are technically differences between infosec and cybersecurity, many industry professionals have begun using the terms interchangeably. It is important to pay attention to the context in which the terms are used in order to understand the true meaning by an individual or publication."

It's understandable that information security and cybersecurity are often treated as synonymous, since these fields overlap in many ways. In addition to having similar security practices, these disciplines also require similar education and skills.

"While there are technically differences between infosec and cybersecurity, many industry professionals have begun using the terms interchangeably. It is important to pay attention to the context in which the terms are used in order to understand the true meaning by an individual or publication." -Jordan Wigley, SimSpace CISO

Shared Security Practices

The most significant overlap between infosec and cybersecurity is that they use the CIA (confidentiality, integrity and availability of information) triad model to develop security policies.

The first of the triad is confidentiality, ensuring that information is only accessed and modifiable by authorized users. From a consumer perspective, for example, we expect online retailers to store and protect our data such as credit card information, home addresses and other personal information.

Second, the integrity of information ensures that it has not been tampered with and is entirely reliable. Continuing with the online retailer example, the data transmitted between the retailer and your bank must be secure. Otherwise, there may be a discrepancy between the actual cost of your goods and the amount you paid.

Finally, availability of information means that the data is available when you need it. For example, if you need to know how much money you have in your bank account, you must be able to access that information.

Related Education and Skills

At a minimum, many careers in infosec and cybersecurity require a bachelor's degree in cybersecurity, computer science, information technology or a related field. These degrees prepare you with foundational knowledge and skills to help you land a job as an analyst, engineer, specialist or tester.

These careers also call for familiarity with technologies such as database user interface and query software, network monitoring software, virus protection and web platform development.

Common Careers

Many information security and cybersecurity careers use similar or interchangeable language in their job descriptions. This is because employers often want infosec professionals with a broad array of security skills, including those in cybersecurity.

Information Security Roles

We reference salary data from Payscale and the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) in this section.
Information Security Analyst

Career Overview: With so much of our valuable information stored on computers, information security analysts often perform similar tasks to cybersecurity analysts. These professionals are responsible for planning, implementing, upgrading and monitoring security measures to protect computer networks and information. They may also create and share reports about security metrics and data breaches.

Average Annual Salary: About $112,000

Information Security Specialist

Career Overview: An information security specialist's role is similar to that of an information security analyst. While day-to-day duties may vary depending on the specific position, these professionals are part of teams that develop and implement information risk management frameworks, standards and policies. They also participate in risk assessments and assist users in accessing databases.

Average Annual Salary: Around $82,000

IT Security Consultant

Career Overview: As an IT security consultant, you use your infosec experience to assess and recommend improvements to an organization's information security. Your responsibilities may include supporting, implementing and following up on data privacy improvements, identity access management systems, cybersecurity management and operations.

Average Annual Salary: Over $88,000

Cybersecurity Roles
Cybersecurity Analyst

Career Overview: Cybersecurity analysts focus on protecting data from cyberattacks. These professionals perform threat and incident detection and respond to data breaches. Depending on the employer, cybersecurity analysts may develop cybersecurity awareness training and forensic analysis of information systems.

Average Annual Salary: Around $81,000

Cybersecurity Engineer

Career Overview: A cybersecurity engineer's role is expansive, overseeing the development of cybersecurity procedures and policies. This job includes building and maintaining firewalls to ensure secure transmission of information, developing security controls to protect digital files and monitoring and responding to security breaches. If you're wondering how to become a cybersecurity engineer, start with a bachelor's degree or cybersecurity bootcamp.

Average Annual Salary: Around $102,000

Penetration Tester

Career Overview: Penetration testers hackers with good intentions whose efforts improve information protection practices. Through simulated internal and external cyberattacks, these professionals breach and exploit systems and gain access to sensitive information to identify vulnerabilities. They then design and suggest security solutions to address said vulnerabilities. Pen testers also find system weaknesses and suggest improvements to bolster defenses against malicious attacks.

Average Annual Salary: Around $94,000

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Information Security vs. Cybersecurity

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Information Security Vs. Cybersecurity: What's The Difference?

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It's easy to confuse information security (infosec) and cybersecurity, as the two areas overlap in many ways. In fact, cybersecurity is a subset of information security. However, the fields are not quite the same, with each featuring distinct specialties and requiring different skill sets. Even w

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Multi-Factor Authentication: What It Is and Why You Need It

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Multi-Factor Authentication: What It Is and Why You Need It

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https://www.cmu.edu/iso/news/2019/mfa-article.html

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Multi-Factor Authentication: What It Is and Why You Need It - Information Security Office - Computing Services - Carnegie Mellon University

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Strong web security relies on a variety of tools and policies. It’s important not to rely on any single method for comprehensive protection. Multi-factor Authentication (MFA) adds another layer of account security, supplementing the username and password model with another factor that only the specific user has access to.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1Dl_czYpJI

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What are the emerging trends and threats in the field of information security, and how can organizations prepare for them?

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With AI, there are a lot of emerging trends related to that such as deep fakes, and voice generators to make a generated voice sound like that of a loved one. Organizations must find the difference between the AI generated people and voices in order to overcome these issues.

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How can organizations balance the need for information security with the need for employee access and productivity?

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How can organizations balance the need for information security with the need for employee access and productivity?

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How are Information Security and Cyber Security the same?

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How are Information Security and Cyber Security the same?

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There are many similar practices within these two categories, such as the CIA triad model. There are also common careers within these two ideas and similar educational skills required for these two.