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The First Punic War began as a struggle over control of the island of Sicily. It marked the start of a centuries-long rivalry between two powerful city-states: Rome, a rising Republic, and Carthage, a wealthy maritime power in North Africa. This war highlighted the extensive use of naval power, a new front for the Roman forces, and the highest point in Rome's victory, gaining control over Sicily.

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237 B.C: Aftermath of the First Punic War and Carthage's Expansion into Spain

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237 B.C: Aftermath of the First Punic War and Carthage's Expansion into Spain

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The Roman victory in the First Punic War led to the capture of Corsica and Sardinia. Carthage, burdened with a heavy war, they looked towards Spain to compensate for its losses. This phase saw the rise of the Barcid family, with Hamilcar Barca and later his son Hannibal taking control of Carthaginian interests in Spain.

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218 B.C: Hannibal's Crossing of the Alps

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218 B.C: Hannibal's Crossing of the Alps

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The Second Punic War is most renowned for Hannibal's bold move of crossing the Alps with his army, including war elephants, to launch a surprise attack on Rome. This bold strategy led to several victories for Carthage, including the famed Battle of Cannae, but ultimately, Rome prevailed by attacking Carthage itself, forcing Hannibal to return in defense.

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The Battle of Zama in 202 B.C marked the decisive end to the Second Punic War. Roman general Scipio Africanus managed to defeat Hannibal's forces, effectively breaking Carthage's military power. This victory solidified Rome's dominion over the western Mediterranean and forced Carthage into a vulnerable position for the decades to come.

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The Third Punic War was largely a siege of the once-mighty city of Carthage. Rome, fearing a resurgence of Carthaginian power, laid siege to the city for three years. In 146 B.C, Carthage fell, marking the end of the Punic Wars. The city was destroyed, and its lands were annexed by Rome, marking the end of Carthaginian power in the Mediterranean.