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A clipping mask is a group of layers to which a mask is applied. The bottommost layer, or base layer, defines the visible boundaries of th

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The Transform tool allows for multiple resizing, scaling, warping and perspective changes within one continuous operation. The complex assortment of options, plus Keyboard Shortcuts, provide effortless image editing possibilities.

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Kerning is the spacing between individual letters or characters. Unlike tracking, which adjusts the amount of space between the letters of an entire word in equal increments, kerning is focused on how type looks — creating readable text that's visually pleasing.

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The vertical space between lines of type is called leading. Leading is measured from the baseline of one line of text to the baseline of the line above it. Baseline is the invisible line on which most letters—that is, those without descenders—sit.

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About kerning and tracking. Kerning is the process of adding or subtracting space between specific pairs of characters. Tracking is the process of loosening or tightening a block of text.

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multiple controls for refining all the edges of a selection.

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The Sharpen tool focuses soft edges in a photo to increase clarity or focus.

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The Blur tool allows you to paint blur effect on specific areas of an image. Select the Blur tool .

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he Burn tool darkens areas of an image. The more you paint over an area with the Burn tool, the darker it becomes.

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The Dodge tool allows you to lighten specific areas of your image without affecting hue or saturation.

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The Marquee Tool in Photoshop allows us to make selections in various shapes. Among these shapes, the most commonly used are rectangular and elliptical. With the Rectangular Marquee Tool, we can create selections in the shape of rectangles or squares, depending on the aspect ratio we choose.

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The Quick Selection tool looks for edges and contrasts to find objects. It uses Adobe Sensei AI technology to determine where elements in an image begin and end.

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Description. The Polygonal Lasso Tool creates selections with straight edges. It is perfect for selecting objects like buildings and products. In this tutorial, learn how to use the Polygonal Lasso Tool to select architecture and replace a sky.

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automatically selects an object or area of your image, using machine learning to discern what you might be trying to select.

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capture selections that don't fit within rectangular or oval selections or represent a clear subject or object that can be selected using AI. T

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the difference in color and lighting between different parts of the same image or scene

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What is vibrance? Vibrance is often referred to as “smart saturation,” because it intensifies colors – but it does so more selectively. Specifically, vibrance boosts colors that are more muted

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add or take away certain colors in photos or create a different balance of reds, greens and blues to change the entire look of the photo.

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Hue refers to the dominant wavelength of light that the human eye interprets as colour,

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Vibration Reduction (VR) is an image stabilization technology that minimizes blur caused by camera shake.

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A Fisheye Lens is a type of ultra wide angle lens that distorts the scene or subject to create a hemispherical (or wide panoramic) image.

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1. a lens of fixed focal length.

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1. a lens suitable for taking photographs unusually close to the subject.

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a type of photography that brings distant subjects closer with the use of long focal lengths

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What is golden hour? The last hour before sunset and the first hour after sunrise are coveted by professional photographers. Referred to as “the golden hour” or “magic hour,” these times provide the perfect light to capture stunning photos.

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So, what exactly is the blue hour? It is that moment just before sunrise or after sunset when the sun dips below the horizon. This whimsical window of time is when a soft blue light fills the sky; creating a cool, peaceful setting that is every bit as beautiful as golden hour.

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A triadic color scheme uses three colors that are evenly spaced around the color wheel. For example, the three primary colors form a triadic color scheme: red, yellow, and blue. A triadic color scheme uses every fourth color, leaving three colors between each.

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the repeated exposure of a photographic plate or film to light, often producing ghost images.

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In photography, HDR stands for high dynamic range. Dynamic range is simply the range of the lightest tones to the darkest tones within a photo. Put another way — it's a measure of the light intensities from the highlights to the shadows.

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PSD stands for Photoshop Document, which is an image format that supports layers of graphics in a single file.

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a graphic image file compressed with lossy compression using the standard developed by the ISO/IEC Joint Photographic Experts Group.

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PNG (Portable Network Graphics) is a file format used for lossless image compression. PNG has almost entirely replaced the Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) that was widely used in the past.

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A RAW file is the uncompressed and unprocessed image data captured by a digital camera or scanner's sensors

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An image file format is a file format for a digital image.

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The options bar is right underneath the menu bar.

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Menu Bar. This is where you'll access different commands to use in Photoshop. For example, from the File menu, you can open and save files. The Im

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Introduction to Palettes. Palettes [shown right] are groups of tools used to edit and manipulate your image.

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The toolbar is where Photoshop holds the many tools we have to work with.

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The Application bar across the top contains a workspace switcher

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help you to get accurate exposure and color in your photographs

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helps you override automatic exposure adjustments your camera makes in situations with uneven light distribution, filters, non-standard processing, or underexposure or overexposure.

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shows how much your set exposure values deviate from the levels the camera believes are optimal,

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a technique where a photographer takes shots of the same image using different camera settings

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a specific part of the frame where the camera is able to focus on something.

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A camera pan is horizontal movement in which the camera moves right to left (or vice versa) from a central axis. Taken from the word "panorama," the physical position of the camera itself does not move. Instead, the panning refers to the swiveling left to right mounted on a fixed location

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the mostly used automatic metering mode in everyday photography

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. Center weighted metering places the highest importance in determining a correct exposure on information contained in the center of the frame

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evaluates light around the chosen focus point or centre of the frame.

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evaluates light around the chosen focus point or centre of the frame.

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the very center tone between absolute back and absolute white.

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1. denoting the photographic technique of taking a sequence of frames at set intervals to record changes that take place slowly over time. When the frames are shown at normal speed, or in quick succession, the action seems much faster.

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uses shutter speeds of longer than 30 seconds to create photos where the moving elements are blurred.

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the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images

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A tripod has three legs (that's the “tri”). A monopod is a camera support with one leg (the “mono”).

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Motion blur is the apparent streaking of moving objects in a photograph or a sequence of frames, such as a film or animation.

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Bulb mode is simply a shutter speed option that you can select in Manual mode on your camera. It allows your shutter speed to be any length

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Shutter speed is exactly what it sounds like: It's the speed at which the shutter of the camera closes.

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a shooting mode whereby the photographer sets the shutter speed, while the camera automatically sets the Aperture.

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when a photographer manually designates a shutter speed for a given exposure, and the camera automatically chooses an appropriate aperture and ISO setting to go with that shutter speed.

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Manual mode means you're in charge of adjusting aperture — one of photography's most important elements

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It gives your camera complete control over its various settings, including the ISO, the aperture, the shutter speed, the autofocus mode, and even the flash.

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In photography, bokeh is the aesthetic quality of the blur produced in out-of-focus parts of an image, caused by circles of confusion.

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the distance between the nearest and the furthest objects that are in acceptably sharp focus in an image captured with a camera.

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tells us the angle of view—how much of the scene will be captured—and the magnification—how large individual elements will be.

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1. a camera setting corresponding to a particular f-number.

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Aperture refers to the opening of a lens's diaphragm through which light passes

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In digital photographs, the term noise refers to a certain type of visual distortion. It looks similar to grain found in film photography, but ...

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the visible silver crystals in a film negative's emulsion.

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a device that allows the camera to convert photons – that is, light – into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the devi

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ASAan arbitrary rating of film speed;

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a standard set by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that represents sensitivity to light as a numerical value.

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Pincushion distortion is where straight lines bend or “pinch” inward from the center of the image.

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Barrel Lens Distortion a type of distortion wherein lines that are straight in real life appear to curve inwards

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Orthographic View two-dimensional views of three-dimensional objects

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A photographic triptych is a common style used in modern commercial artwork. The photographs are usually arranged with a plain border between them.

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where two separate images are placed side by side.

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illumination from behind.

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Diffused light is light that has an even concentration across the spread of its beam. Otherwise known as "soft light,

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rovides overall illumination for a room, and is intended to create a uniform light level throughout a space, independent of any special lighting that may be needed in targeted areas of a room.

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an effect of contrasted light and shadow created by light falling unevenly or from a particular direction on something.

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a solid shape of a single colour, usually black, with its edges matching the outline of the subject.

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Positive space is a term used to refer to the areas of interest and focus in a piece of artwork. P

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The golden ratio, also known as the golden number, golden proportion, or the divine proportion, is a ratio between two numbers that equals approximately 1.618.

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lines that appear in a photograph that have been framed and positioned by the photographer to draw the viewer's eye towards a specific point of interest.

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The rule of thirds is a "rule of thumb" for composing visual images such as designs, films, paintings, and photographs. The guideline proposes that an image

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a symbol, word, or words legally registered or established by use as representing a company or product.

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the exclusive legal right, given to an originator or an assignee to print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, artistic, or musical material, and to authorize others to do the same.

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based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions.

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not influenced by personal feelings or opinions in considering and representing facts.

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relating to moral principles or the branch of knowledge dealing with these.

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the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own.the \

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a type of feedback that offers specific and actionable advice to help employees to improve

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a design element made up of colors that gradually fade into one another.

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Monochromatic color refers to a color scheme that is comprised of variations of one color.

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1. a color that combined with a given color makes white or black.

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The four most common neutrals are black, white, brown and grey,

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Warm colors include red, orange, and yellow, and variations of those three colors

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Cool colors include green, blue, and purple, and variations of those three colors.

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Unity describes the visual relationship between elements in an image