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5-6 Billion years ago - Formation of the Grand Canyon

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5-6 Billion years ago - Formation of the Grand Canyon

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Around 5 to 6 million years ago, the Colorado River began carving through layers of ancient rock uplifted on the Colorado Plateau, forming the Grand Canyon. This event is ecologically important because it created the diverse habitats and ecosystems that define the park today.

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1875 - Exploration of the Colorado River

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1875 - Exploration of the Colorado River

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John Wesley Powell, a one-armed Civil War veteran and explorer, explored the western canyon country, including the Grand Canyon, and wrote a book titled "Exploration of the Colorado River." The descriptions and images inside the book caught people’s eyes and became a trigger for bringing the Grand Canyon to national prominence.

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September, 1901 - Arrival of the Santa Fe Railway at the South Rim

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September, 1901 - Arrival of the Santa Fe Railway at the South Rim

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In 1901, the Santa Fe Railway completed its line to the Grand Canyon’s South Rim. This made visiting the canyon much easier than it had been before, when travel required long stagecoach rides. The railway transformed the Grand Canyon into a major tourist destination, setting the stage for its later protection as a national park.

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January, 1908 - President Theodore Roosevelt declares the Grand Canyon a national park

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January, 1908 - President Theodore Roosevelt declares the Grand Canyon a national park

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On January 11, 1908, President Theodore Roosevelt used the Antiquities Act of 1906 to designate the Grand Canyon a national monument, protecting it from mining and exploitation. A passionate conservationist, Roosevelt aimed to preserve the natural beauty of the American West. This declaration marked a pivotal moment in U.S. conservation history and safeguarded the canyon’s grandeur.

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May, 1932 -  The Desert View Watch Tower: A Gateway Between Nature and Culture

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May, 1932 -  The Desert View Watch Tower: A Gateway Between Nature and Culture

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The Desert View Watchtower is considered one of the most culturally sensitive and innovative designs in national park history. It serves both practical and symbolic purposes for the park. Practically, it is used as an overlook and visitor center located at the eastern entrance to the south rim. Symbolically, it serves as a gateway into the Grand Canyon's heritage, connecting natural beauty and indigenous history.

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1964 - Astronauts learn Geological Principles

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1964 - Astronauts learn Geological Principles

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NASA brought groups of Apollo astronauts to the Grand Canyon to learn new principles and techniques, such as reading rocks and using that to have a better understanding of their flights to the moon. Neil Armstrong was one of these and was briefed by historical geologist Eddie McKee.

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Through the late 1860s and early 1870s, the majority of western American land went through severe drought combined with massive overgrazing. This event destroyed native grasses and Earth’s surface, leaving bare soil, suppressing tree regeneration on the South Rim for decades as a consequence.

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February, 2019 - Grand Canyon National Park 100th year celebration 

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February, 2019 - Grand Canyon National Park 100th year celebration 

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During 2019, Grand Canyon National Park commemorated the past and inspired future generations to experience, connect with, and protect the park's unique natural, cultural, and historic resources. Creating and marketing an approved centennial product was a great way to be a part of Grand Canyon's Centennial Celebration and show your appreciation for this special place.

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February 26, 1919, Grand Canyon National Park

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February 26, 1919, Grand Canyon National Park

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Congress officially established the Grand Canyon as a National Park on this date. Protecting over 1.2 million acres of the most unique natural landscapes. This marked a shift transferring control to the National Park Service and ensuring that the land and all wildlife would remain undisturbed. The new protection helped rebuild wildlife populations and reduce environmental damage.

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September, 1963 - Completion of Glen Canyon Dam

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September, 1963 - Completion of Glen Canyon Dam

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Completed on September 13, 1963, Glen Canyon Dam stands as the second-highest concrete-arch dam in the United States. It created Lake Powell, which holds 25.16 million acre-feet of water. Serving as a crucial reservoir, it helps sustain cities, agriculture, and industries across the West during droughts, supporting the Grand Canyon region.

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1996 - California Condors Reintroduced to the Grand Canyon

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1996 - California Condors Reintroduced to the Grand Canyon

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After going extinct in the wild in the 1980s, California condors were reintroduced to the Grand Canyon in 1996 as part of a major recovery program. The first captive-bred condors were released on the Vermilion Cliffs, just north of the park. Today, these birds can often be seen soaring over the canyon, making one of the most celebrated conservation success stories in the U.S.

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July, 2023 - Biden Admin Announces Bus Fleet Replacement

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July, 2023 - Biden Admin Announces Bus Fleet Replacement

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$27.5M announced to the Grand Canyon National Park shuttle bus fleet offering more environmental conscious means for visitors to see and discover the park. There are 30 new buses total, 10 having new batteries and 20 with new compressed gases to replace the older fleet. This provides climate friendly options in the regional transportation network.

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Edith: National Park Service. (2024, March 18). 100th anniversary celebration took place in 2019 - Grand Canyon National Park (U.S. National Park Service). https://www.nps.gov/grca/getinvolved/centennial.htm

Abhay: Village Historic District - Grand Canyon National Park (U.S. National Park Service). (n.d.). https://www.nps.gov/grca/learn/historyculture/historic-village.htm#:~:text=On%20September%2017%2C%201901%2C%20the,the%20bustling%20Grand%20Canyon%20Village.

Aruushi: HISTORY.com Editors. (2025, May 28). Theodore Roosevelt makes Grand Canyon a national monument | January 11, 1908 | HISTORY. HISTORY. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/january-11/theodore-roosevelt-makes-grand-canyon-a-national-monument

Bureau of Reclamation. (2020). Glen Canyon Dam | Upper Colorado Region | Bureau of Reclamation. Usbr.gov. https://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/crsp/gc/?utm.com

Namoo: Scott, A., & Snow, E. (2020). The 150th anniversary of the 1869 Powell expedition—USGS participation in the Sesquicentennial Colorado River Exploring Expedition and reflections from the ~1,000-mile journey down the Green and Colorado Rivers. U.S. Geological Survey Circular/U.S. Geological Survey Circular. https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1475

Romarus: Biden-Harris administration announces $27.5 million for Grand Canyon National Park shuttle bus fleet replacement project as part of President Biden’s Investing in America Agenda - Grand Canyon National Park (U.S. National Park Service). (n.d.). National Park Service. https://www.nps.gov/grca/learn/news/shuttle-bus-award-announcement-july-2023.htm

Andrew: “Grand Canyon National Park Established.” Research Starters, EBSCO, 2022, https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/history/grand-canyon-national-park-established