# data[].attributes.body
Palauea is an ahupua'a that is a part of the Honua'ula moku in Maui. It extends from the coast of Palauea Bay towards the inland slopes of Haleakalā. This ahupua'a lies between Paeahu and Keauhou ahupua'a. Hawaiians believe that Palauea was an important area for fishing communities in Honua'ula.

# data[].attributes.body
This is a photo of Palauea's vast natural landscape

# data[].attributes.body
The Hālawa ahupua'a is apart of the 'Ewa moku on O'ahu, and is in between 'Aiea and Moanalua ahupua'a. It stretches from the top of the Ko'olau mountains to the end of the "reef runway" at the Daniel K. Inouye International Airport. Hālawa was centered around Pu‘uloa (Pearl Harbor), because of its extensive shoreline that was home to many loko i‘a (fishponds) and lo‘i kalo (pondfields).

# data[].attributes.body
The temperature in Palauea would usually remain consistent throughout the year ranging from 60-80 degrees Fahrenheit. In general, Maui Island experiences dry summers and wet winters. However, Palauea has less rainfall and is drier than the Windward side due to its location on the Leeward side. Natives from Palauea would use the uplands for fiber, medicine, and food. They could also use their dry and wet climates for food. They were able to supply all types of vegetation due to their lush greenery in wet areas, and drought-resistant plants in drier areas.

# data[].attributes.body
Palauea's history is quite similar to the histories of other ahupua'a on the south shorelines such as Lāhaina, Kula, and Kaupō. The area itself is known for its archaeological findings of Native Hawaiian ruins and artifacts. Palauea was also believed by Hawaiians as a common area for ali'i because of its strategic location and fertile land. There are many heiau (Hawaiian temples) in Palauea, and the area was popular for fishing and agriculture.

# data[].attributes.body
This is an example of an archaeological heiau found in Palauea ahupua'a. It holds extreme importance and significance in Hawaiian culture and spirituality.

# data[].attributes.body
An interesting fact I found on the ahupua'a of Palauea is its significance in petroglyphs. These are ancient rock carvings that give important insight into Native Hawaiian culture and beliefs. These petroglyphs are kept in condition with the Palauea Cultural Preserve

# data[].attributes.body
The rise of colonialism and imperialism in the history of Hawai'i is significant in how our islands are today. Palauea, Maui has been affected by these processes such as land loss, culture, economy, environment, and society. A key effect of colonial and imperial influence is the loss of Native Hawaiian practices. They took away the importance of Hawaiian religion and other cultural practices, which overall diminished their culture and identity.

# data[].attributes.body
This is a picture I got from Ka Wai Ola news. It shows evidence of deer on the Palauea Cultural Preserve. They often go over archaeological sites. OHA plans to build fencing around the area to keep the archaeological integrity safe within the preserve.

# data[].attributes.body
This is an excerpt from the Office of Hawaiian Affairs on a research piece on Palauea. It is written by Holly K. Coleman. I thought it was important to include to get a better sense of the cultural and archaeological importance it holds in Hawaiian culture.

Coleman states that "Today, a high concentration of archaeological and cultural sites can be found in the Palauea Cultural Preserve, which is one of the few undeveloped land parcels in an area surrounded by luxury residences and resorts. At least fourteen native plant species, including what is believed to be the largest natural stand of maiapilo (Capparis sandwichiana), and at least thirteen archaeological complexes have been identified within the preserve area (Donham, 2007)."

# data[].attributes.body
Overall, Palauea is rich in historical value and tradition. The land holds significant ties to Hawaiian culture, with archaeological areas such as heiau and petroglyphs. Palauea's rich climate supports many fishponds and Kalo ponds. They also are directly connected in using resources from the inland forests and the sea. However, I think a major role in what makes Palauea, Maui so special is its preservation efforts.

# data[].attributes.body
This is a drawing/photo of fish ponds near Pearl River in 1825 in the Hālawa ahupua'a of O'ahu. (Bishop Museum CP 95665)

# data[].attributes.body
Hālawa, O'ahu like most of the islands has a tropical climate with warmer temperatures year-round. It is on the leeward side of the island so there is usually less rain than the windward side. Hālawa has a drier climate, which leads to a different combination of native and foreign plants. However, this ahupua'a is unique because there are streams that range from the Ko'olau mountains to the Harbor, which is a vital water resource and Kalo production.

# data[].attributes.body
Hālawa has a significant history in Hawai'i including many events. It was one of the first Native Hawaiian settlements and thrived in growing Kalo. One of the most prominent events that happened in the ahupua'a was the Pearl Harbor attack which led to extreme militarism in the area. Hālawa is also tied to Queen Emma as she owns many land in the ahupua'a

# data[].attributes.body
This is a photo of Hālawa Valley before the H-3 was built

# data[].attributes.body
The most interesting fact about Hālawa ahupua'a in my opinion is that the valley was one of the oldest settlement sights of Native Hawaiians. Hālawa valley has significant ties to ancient archaeology and culture, as evidence suggests that Native Hawaiians settled there in 600 AD.

# data[].attributes.body
The colonial and imperial influences affected not only Hālawa ahupua'a but the Hawaiian islands as a whole. The most significant change was the development of Pearl Harbor Naval Base. It demolished Hālawa's natural landscape in order to build structures. Also, the building of the Correctional Facility destroyed the ancient natural landscape as well, leading to culture loss. Overall, these processes disrupted the Native Hawaiian culture and way of living in this area.

# data[].attributes.body
This photo by Jan Becket captures the pueo rock face in Hālawa Valley. Pueo is the ‘aumakua (guardian) of the valley and can be seen flying in the afternoons. However, overgrowth of foliage makes it difficult to see and hard to get to.

# data[].attributes.body
I wanted to include this excerpt of Kamakau’s Ka Po‘e Kahiko's (pp. 48-9) account of the famous mo'olelo about Leilono, Hālawa. In the story, he describes Leilono as a hole in the ground where souls enter into Pō (other world/darkness)

"Leilono at Moanalua, Oahu was close to the rock Kapukaki and easterly of it . . . directly in line with the burial mound of Aliamanu and facing toward the right side of the North Star . . . On the bank above the old trail there was a flat bed of pahoehoe lava, and on it there was a circular place about two feet in circumference. This was the entrance to go down; this was the topmost height . . . of Kapapaialaka, a place in the ‘aumakua realm. Here at the entrance . . . was a breadfruit tree of Leiwalo . . . It had two branches, one on the east side and one on the west. These branches were deceiving. From one of them, the soul leaped into the po pau ‘ole; if he climbed the other, it would bring aid from helpful ‘aumakua . . . From that branch the soul would see the ‘aumakua realm and the ancestors spoken of, Wakea and all the rest, and those of the entire world who had traveled on this journey."

# data[].attributes.body
In my opinion, Hālawa is one of the most special ahupua'a throughout O'ahu for its culture, environmental, and historical reasons. For example, the valley of Hālawa was a significant place for Kalo growing and water management. This rich agricultural systems prove that traditional practices were effective and extremely sustainable. This ahupua'a also has many heiau and petroglyphs that hold immense spiritual culture and traditions. In present day, Hālawa still. holds a lot of importance in regards to Pearl Harbor. The specific location of the Harbor within the ahupua'a is important for the government and has influenced a lot of the development within the area.

# data[].attributes.body
I specifically picked this ahupua'a to highlight the Palauea Cultural Preserve. It is located in the coastal part of the ahupua'a. They have three project objectives which include

1. ʻImi Moʻolelo ʻĀina

Compile a history of the Palauea Cultural Preserve through the collection, organization, and process historical information that pertains to place names, land tenure, history, stories, practices, and notable figures.

2. I Moʻokūʻauhau Naʻauao

Incorporate secondary academic and archaeological resources to critically analyze the history of Palauea and further demonstrate continuity between the Palauea Cultural Preserve and other cultural sites within Honuaʻula.

3. Nā Ala Aloha ʻĀina

Offer an academic contribution to the educational programs and preservation efforts in Palauea.

The Palauea Cultural Reserve website holds many valuable information on the climate and importance of Palauea. Their main focus is to keep the land sacred and its integrity of the culture.

# data[].attributes.body
Nā Kūpuna a me Nā Kākoʻo o Hālawa (NKNKHI) is one of the main nonprofit organizations created by Aunty Sweet. One thing that they have done was planning mitigation for the valley after the H-3 freeway was built.

Their mission works towards:

1. promoting preservation

2. promoting cultural stewardship

3. education in Hālawa

They have hosted and educated many local and foreign groups over the last twenty years. NKNKHI also accepted its responsibility as the steward of the project area in 2016 and committed to the creation of a Stewardship Management Plan (SMP) in hopes of securing access for continued stewardship of these ancient Hawaiian sites. This kuleana is intended to be passed down from generation to generation in perpetuity.