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SageModeler

Free, web-based, and open-source software to engage students in systems thinking through designing, building, and revising models.

Launch SageModeler

Simple Systems Modeling

An easy to use drag-and-drop tool for basic diagramming of the structure of a system or creation of static equilibrium or time-based dynamic models.

Watch Video: "Building Models"

Skip the Equations

Create and run simulations without coding or writing mathematical formulas. Perfect for introducing system modeling at all levels.

Launch SageModeler

Getting Started

SageModeler runs in your web browser. Start building your own system models now. Available in English, Spanish, Chinese, Turkish, or Hebrew!

Try It Now

Example Systems Models

Get inspired! Browse example models by model type (diagram, static equilibrium, and dynamic time-based), disciplinary topic, and grade level.

Browse Examples

Curricular Units

Explore curricular units that introduce modeling with SageModeler while iterating student understanding of scientific phenomena.

Explore Units

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Free, web-based, and open-source software to engage students in systems thinking through designing, building, and revising models. Launch SageModeler An easy to use drag-and-drop tool for basic diagramming of the structure of a system or creation of static equilibrium or time-based dynamic models. Watch Video: "Building Models" Create and run simulations without coding or writing mathematical formulas.

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We teamed up with Esri to create a reimagined version of National Geographic MapMaker that is more accessible, more flexible and more relevant. The new MapMaker 4.0 is available now for you to rebuild your maps and access all of the exciting new features.

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MapMaker Launch Guide - National Geographic Society

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earth :: a global map of wind, weather, and ocean conditions

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See current wind, weather, ocean, and pollution conditions, as forecast by supercomputers, on an interactive animated map. Updated every three hours.

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Games : Make a Mangrove . PLUM LANDING | PBS KIDS

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Can you build a sustainable mangrove ecosystem on land and underwater? Add plants and animals to create habitats and food chains in this online PLUM LANDING game.

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Grandpa’s Reef - 360 | National Geographic

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Explore our 3D coral model collections to get up close, interact with, and learn about these beautiful, intricate, and diverse animal species.

We've been creating these high resolution digital models for research and visualization since 2014, both on our own and in collaboration with educational institutions - you can use them for scientific measurements, virtual or augmented reality experiences, to create a physical model through 3D printing, or to simply explore and enjoy!*

*A licensing fee is required for commercial use, contact info@thehydro.us

THE HYDROUS COLLECTION

THE HYDROUS AND THE SMITHSONIAN
COLLABORATION

Explore this collection of coral reef specimens from the National Museum of Natural History. They are split across 5 lesson modules that mimic a dive profile (immerse to ascend) and progress together, but can also be explored individually.
View on your mobile device to experience the augmented reality feature.

Using a technique called photogrammetry that requires just a camera and software, we non-invasively model a living coral while underwater by capturing 2D photographs. Once back on land, we stitch those images together to reproduce accurate and interactive 3D models.

"This technology will allow us to better understand coral reef diversity and health at an unprecedented scale, allowing us to help preserve them before they are gone."

- Alan Friedlander, Ph.D., Chief Scientist, Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society

We use a similar process with partners like the California Academy of Sciences and the Smithsonian Institution to help digitize their collections and bring back-of-house treasures to the masses.

"The [Hydrous] models are incredible. I see many areas where such high resolution models would be useful. We need a non-destructive way to accurately measure surface area and volume of corals. I think this would be incredible as a visualization and would definitely get people talking about how fabulous corals are."

- Professor Ruth D. Gates, Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology

WHAT'S NEXT?

The Hydrous is experimenting with reality capture at larger scales, including reef swaths (video below is an area of 10m x 10m) and entire islands (second video below is of Pineapple Island, Maldives). Coupled with traditional data, we are able to tell a richer story of change to organisms and ecosystems over time.

WHAT IS PHOTOGRAMMETRY?

Learn more about the non-destructive process of photogrammetry in the video below and download our guide to learn how to conduct underwater photogrammetry yourself!

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Explore our 3D coral model collections to get up close, interact with, and learn about these beautiful, intricate, and diverse animal species.

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Sea level rise and coastal flood risk maps -- a global screening tool by Climate Central

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Interactive global map showing areas threatened by sea level rise and coastal flooding.

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Interact with this global scenario of climate action

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Interact with this global scenario of climate action

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Exploring Biomass Pyramids | This interactive module allows students to collect and analyze data from a virtual river to construct biomass and energy pyramids.

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How to Play

Play Go With the Flow to learn about ocean currents-and to unlock the hidden treasure!

In this game, you are in a submarine and you need to fix the currents to take you where you want to go. Where do you want to go? You want to get the key to the treasure chest full of gold!

Here are the two rules to remember:

Salt makes water heavier, so it sinks.

Heat makes water lighter, so it rises.

In your current management toolbox, you have these tools:

How Currents Work in the Ocean

The rules of the game are how ocean currents work in real life, too. Salt makes water heavier, so it sinks. Heat makes water lighter, so it rises.

If you have tasted the ocean, you know it is very salty. Salty water is "thicker" or denser than fresh water. That is why it is easier to float in the ocean than in a fresh-water swimming pool or lake.

Does that mean that fresh river water would float on top of salty ocean water? It all depends on the temperature. Heat makes water lighter, or less dense. So, warm salt water might float on colder fresh water.

In the ocean, things get even more complicated. The ocean is salty, but some parts are saltier than others. For example, every summer, some of the sea ice in the Arctic Ocean (near the North Pole) melts. Then in winter, it freezes again. The salt doesn't freeze; only the water freezes.

The salt from the ice mixes into the water below, making it even saltier. When the salt-free ice melts the next summer, the melted fresh water tends to make the nearby upper ocean less salty. But the melt water is also colder, which makes it sink.

All this heating and cooling and melting and thawing creates big ocean currents. Cold water sinks near the North and South Poles. Cold water also flows toward the equator, getting warmer as it goes. As the cold water warms, it starts to rise to the top and sends the warmer surface water back toward the poles. The warm water flowing from the equator toward the poles helps warm the climate in North America and Europe.

This ocean motion is called the "great ocean conveyor belt." The movement of water on this conveyor belt makes Earth a nice place to live. Without it, the equator would be way too hot and the northern and southern parts of the planet might be frozen all the time.

What would happen if the ocean became too warm and the ice did not form?

As Earth gets warmer, less ice forms in the Arctic each winter and more ice melts in the summer. How are these changes in the ocean's surface temperature and saltiness-or salinity-affecting the ocean currents? How is the melting and heating affecting the average sea level?

NASA spacecraft are collecting information about ocean temperature and salinity all the time. The information they collect will help scientists find the answers to these questions-and more!

For example, the NASA mission SMAP -short for Soil Moisture Active Passive-has an instrument that measures the salinity on the surface of the sea. This information can help us better understand when and how the ocean currents are changing.

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Go With the Flow: An Ocean Currents Game

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In this ocean currents game, use heat and salt to float your sub to the treasure!

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Clicking on the labels will bring up short video and images that can be used to explore marine ecosystems in greater detail.

Use this interactive with the article Marine food webs.

Excellent interactive for all, it would work brilliantly for all learners regardless of all reading abilities!
Year 5/6 teacher

Transcript

Ocean acidification

ASSOC PROF ABBY SMITH
When the oceans absorb carbon dioxide then they... it changes their chemistry a little. It drives a carbon cycle, which involves a series of fairly simple chemical equations, and it causes the pH [level] of the sea to go down. That means the sea becomes a little more acidic. Now, if we were only producing a little bit of carbon, then the ocean might only become a little more acidic and that would be OK, but we are producing enormous amounts of carbon, and the ocean is absorbing more carbon more quickly than it ever has ever in the past, and it is changing in terms of its pH very, very rapidly, and critters living in the water just can't adjust to that.

Seabirds

ASSOC PROF STEPHEN WING
If you removed cockles from a marine food web, it would have dramatic effects on all the consumers, all of the animals that rely on their services. And we can guess that for New Zealand, but we know that from some systems where this has actually happened. And so there are several places around the world where there have been huge die-offs of bivalves - mussels, clams and so on - and this has had effects all the way up through the food web to the highest levels, to sea birds that feed on little cockles or little clams, all the way up to sharks and large fish. When you disturb a food web, at any place but particularly near the bottom, this can have sort of reciprocating effects all the way up the food web.

Farm land run-off

DR CANDIDA SAVAGE
To try and promote intensive farming practices, we fertilise more than we require on the fields, and so there is some left-over nutrients that can then carry into water sources, into streams and eventually downstream into estuaries. What it does is it promotes growth of the plants, of the seaweeds and of the algae. And so a little bit of enhanced nutrients can be good, and we see improved growth of several organisms, but if you have too much of that, it can start causing negative effects, and there are some threshold levels beyond which certain estuaries can't cope with that increased nutrient loading.

Estuaries

DR CANDIDA SAVAGE
Estuaries are important areas, not only from a human perspective, but they are also important nursery areas. So a lot of fish organisms will come and use estuaries when they are at young stages of their life cycle, and so they form an important nursery habitat. They are also crucial filters for filtering contaminants from land before it goes out into the coastal zone, so they have an important biogeochemical role as well as a nursery habitat role.

Dolphins

ASSOC PROF STEPHEN WING
Dolphins are classified as mammals, and mammals are one class of vertebrates, which are a group, a subphylum, in the phylum chordata. So the role that dolphins play in the food web is that they are an apex predator. Dolphins feed on fish and so they are ultimately supported by the cockles and all the primary producers.

Commercial fishing

ASSOC PROF STEPHEN WING
We use the marine environment for food. People go out fishing, and they collect fish and shellfish and different organisms for food, and this has occurred on relatively small scales through history. But through the advent of commercial fishing, the amount of food being taken out of the ocean has risen, and increasingly, it's been more fish being removed than the populations can replace, and so there have been some examples of large stocks of fish that have collapsed under too much exploitation going on.

Bivalve molluscs

ASSOC PROF STEPHEN WING
A cockle is a bivalve mollusc. The molluscs are things like snails and mussels, and even octopus are a type of mollusc. But bivalve molluscs have, as the name says, they have two valves - bi is two, mollusc is the shell. And so things like clams and mussels are bivalve molluscs. They are very, very common in inlets and estuaries all around the country, and people assume that they will always be there doing their job for the estuaries.

Fish

DR CANDIDA SAVAGE
So fish and I guess a number of organisms can be classified as either generalist feeders or specialist feeders, and by that we mean, if it's a generalist, it often can eat fairly broad types of items and dietary items. So it will generally eat cosmopolitan species, so it will be eating a bit of polychaetes or worms, a bit of bivalve, maybe some smaller crustaceans and so on. And then you've got these more specialist feeders that often have mouth parts especially adapted for eating a particular diet, and so they will have a narrower niche of items that they eat.

Cockles

ASSOC PROF STEPHEN WING
Cockles play a very important role in the marine food web because they clean the water, and they make it so that phytoplankton don't bloom or become too abundant, and they keep the water from going eutrophic or full of phytoplankton. What happens when the water becomes full of phytoplankton is they can suck up all the oxygen and you can actually get fish kill, so cockles sort of dampen or reduce the possibility that you get these sorts of bad conditions occurring.

Bryozoans

ASSOC PROF ABBY SMITH
Bryozoan colonies don't really look like animals - they look a little like little trees or flowers or something - but when you actually look at the level of the individual, they do look like an animal. They are a little worm with a nose that has tentacles around the outside, and they sit inside their little box, and when they think it's a good idea, they open the door and poke their tentacles out and catch something. So they aren't particularly different from other animals you know. They're just really, really small, and the colonies they make by gluing together look a little like plants.

Bacteria

DR CANDIDA SAVAGE
There is a lot that's living both out in the water but also in the sediments that we don't see with our bare eyes, and what we realise is that these microorganisms are a crucial component of a food web, so by that I mean the bacteria and the small microscopic organisms that we can't see, and they are performing a vital role in terms of cycling of nutrients and also just maintaining a healthy ecosystem.

Sea star

DR MILES LAMARE
Starfish are predators, and they're probably the most important predator in the shallow ecosystem - so the depths where we would dive or swim. They eat basically anything that they can come across, and they have a major role in keeping the numbers of other organisms down, other species down, such as mussels.

[NOTE: Starfish are now referred to as sea stars because the starfish is not a fish, it's an echinoderm.]

Bryozoan thickets

ASSOC PROF ABBY SMITH
Bryozoans are important in a kind of ecosystem way. They provide a location for biodiversity. And so particularly we think that, in New Zealand's mid-shelf waters, they are providing a nursery ground for fish and that the baby fish can hide somewhere, and it would be a bad idea to lose them.

Phytoplankton

Phytoplankton are important primary producers in the marine food web. They are microscopic, single-celled organisms that float freely in the ocean. They rely on energy from the sun for photosynthesis and are therefore most commonly found less than 100 metres below the surface. Phytoplankton are eaten by zooplankton. These are diatoms, under the microscope. Diatoms are one of the most common types of phytoplankton.

© Public domain

Zooplankton

Zooplankton are a large, diverse group of organisms that live in the water column. Unlike most phytoplankton, they live at all depths, from the surface to the bottom. They come in many different shapes and sizes, and as the primary herbivores in the marine food web, they provide an important link between the primary producers and the carnivores.

© Public domain

The sun

Primary producers convert the Sun's energy into food through photosynthesis. Almost all the energy used by marine organisms to make food comes from the Sun.

© Jan Gerrit Siesling, licenced through 123RF limited

Crabs

Stalk-eyed mud crabs are endemic to New Zealand. They live mostly in the low-tide zone and cannot survive out of the water for more than 8 hours. They feed on the nutritious mud that they live in. Crabs are a popular food source for many fish, stingrays and seabirds. Pictured is the New Zealand half crab, Petrolisthes elongates.

© Public domain

Red Cod

Red cod are normally found at depths of 100-300 metres and eat crabs, shrimps and small fish. They normally reach about 40-70 cm in length and are an important commercial species. (You may have had some at your local fish and chip shop!) Their catch is managed by fishing quotas but there is some concern that the fishing method (trawling) used to catch red cod is putting endangered species, such as the Hector's dolphin, at risk.

© Seafood Industry Council, New Zealand

Arrow Squid

Arrow squid are mostly nocturnal and feed on crustaceans, small fish and sometimes other squid. They are an important food source for the endangered yellow-eyed penguin and for a number of diving birds and large fish. They are an important species for commercial fishing companies in New Zealand. This is a dorsal and ventral view of the New Zealand Arrow squid, Nototodarus sloanii.

© Darren Stevens, NIWA, Creative Commons 1.0

Seaweed

Seaweed is a type of algae and is normally grouped by colour - green, red or brown. Seaweed is a primary producer and an important source of nutrients and energy in the marine food web. Seaweed generally grows in clusters called 'beds', and these provide an important source of shelter for many marine species, including mussels.

© Stef Maruch, Creative Commons 2.0

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Explore this interactive diagram to learn more about life in the sea. Click on the different labels to view short video clips or images about different parts of the marine ecosystem.

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Today, oxygen (O 2) makes up about 21% of Earth's atmosphere, but oxygen levels in both the atmosphere and ocean were much lower in Earth's past. In this Click & Learn, students explore an interactive graph of atmospheric oxygen levels over the last 3.8 billion years, which covers three geologic eons: the Archean, the Proterozoic, and the Phanerozoic.

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Sea Level Rise Viewer: View projected sea level rise at any coastal location up to 6 feet of inundation from flooding, hurricane storm surge, high tides.

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is protected according to WDPA / ProtectedPlanet

We enrich the WDPA database by adding spatial data and information on management zones within MPAs, which is critical to understanding the impacts of regulations and uses across the site.

Learn more about our methods.

We work with partners to evaluate the stage of establishment and protection level of marine protected areas using science-based, standardized assessments.

Read more about our MPA assessments.

We create reports and visualizations of global MPA coverage from these data to inform global progress toward marine conservation and highlight the importance of fully and highly protected areas.

View our reports.

Percent of global ocean by fishing protection status:

of ocean within national jurisdictions

is in implemented and fully / highly protected areas.

Countries have the jurisdiction to create marine protected areas to the limits of their declared Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs). These areas account for 39% of the global ocean area and include many hotspots of human activity and industry.

have protected at least 10% of their marine areas in implemented and fully / highly protected areas.

Many nations have agreed to international commitments to create marine protected areas or established their own national targets for marine protected areas, ranging in coverage from 10% to 30% of their national marine areas.

Only 2 have protected more than 30% in fully / highly protected areas.

is in implemented and fully / highly protected areas.

Areas outside national jurisdiction cover 61% of the global ocean area.

Top 10 Fully / Highly Protected Countries

of global marine protected area

is in 36 very large (≥ 100,000 km ²) implemented protected marine protected areas.

of global marine protected area

is in the 100 largest fully / highly protected marine areas.

of global marine protected area

is in 11,372 small and very small marine implemented protected areas (<100 km ²).

Top 10 Largest Fully or Highly Marine Protected Areas

The MPA Guide* provides a scientific framework for categorizing MPAs using consistent criteria based on establishment stage and protection levels that reflect the conservation benefits they provide. It is intended to motivate more meaningful protection and can be used by governments and MPA planners to better understand how the regulations of their MPAs relate to conservation outcomes. Learn more.

10%

of global protected area

has been assessed using the MPA Guide

The Regulation-Based Classification System (RBCS)* classifies MPAs based on their regulations using an increasing gradient of impacts of uses (1-8). Following a decision tree, scores for each use are weighted by their potential impact on biodiversity. In MPAs with multiple zones, each zone within an MPA is scored and a weighted average by zone area determines the MPA score. This system is globally applicable, assesses how well MPAs can perform, and unambiguously discriminates the impacts of uses. Learn more.

Blue Parks* aim to unite a global ocean refuge system of effective MPAs that covers 30% of the ocean to safeguard marine biodiversity. The Blue Park Criteria are science-based standards for conservation effectiveness, which provide blueprints for effective MPAs and a framework for evaluating the biodiversity benefits of MPAs. By awarding MPAs that meet the Blue Park Criteria, the Blue Parks initiative incentivizes and accelerates effective marine protection.

* Marine Conservation Institute. 2021. Blue Park Criteria: 2021. Seattle, WA, 34pp.

Blue Parks around the world:

Please support the work of the Marine Protection Atlas: the only comprehensive database that identifies and tracks fully and highly protected MPAs throughout the world.

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is protected according to WDPA / ProtectedPlanet We enrich the WDPA database by adding spatial data and information on management zones within MPAs, which is critical to understanding the impacts of regulations and uses across the site. Learn more about our methods.

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Just a decade ago, building an accurate picture of commercial fishing across the globe would have been impossible. Today, thanks to advances in satellite technology, cloud computing and machine learning, Global Fishing Watch is making it a reality.

We're revolutionizing the ability to monitor commercial fishing, offering near real-time tracking of fishing activity via our public map. Anyone can use it, for free, to track fishing boats and download data about their activities. Our platform is helping enable scientific research, advocate for better policies to support marine protection, tackle overfishing and improve the way fishing is managed.

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Global Fishing Watch is promoting ocean sustainability through greater transparency. We use cutting-edge technology to visualise, track and share data about global fishing activity in near real-time and for free. EXPLORE OUR MAP Discover the oceans through big data Just

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Free Map Maker & Generator - Online Map Creator | Canva

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Design custom maps with Canva’s free online map generator. Easily create stunning, visual maps and guide people to where they need to go.

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Storm Smart was developed with support from Johnson & Johnson.

Johnson & Johnson, through its Family of Companies, is the world's most comprehensive and broadly based health care company, with products and services for the consumer, pharmaceutical, and medical device markets. J&J has been named by Fortune as one of the World's Most Admired Companies.

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Storm Smart was developed with support from Johnson & Johnson. Johnson & Johnson, through its Family of Companies, is the world's most comprehensive and broadly based health care company, with products and services for the consumer, pharmaceutical, and medical device markets. J&J has been named by Fortune as one of the World's Most Admired Companies.

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You are welcome and free to use the data from this website for your scientific work. I just ask that you cite this scientific article in any publications that use the data. Both the data and the paper are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license.

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For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. They will best know the preferred format. When you reach out to them, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource.

Media

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Text

Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service.

Interactives

Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. You cannot download interactives.

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Explore how the currents that make up the five major ocean gyres carry plastic around the world and concentrate it into areas of floating trash commonly referred to as "garbage patches."

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In a world filled with ever-more-complex technological, sociological, ecological, political & economic systems... a tool to make interactive simulations may not be that much help. But it can certainly try.

It's the ancient, time-honored way of learning: messing around and seeing what happens. Play with simulations to ask "what if" questions, and get an intuition for how the system works!

Raw code is too inaccessible. Also drag-and-drop is too mainstream. But with LOOPY, you can model systems by simply drawing circles & arrows, like a wee baby

remix others' simulations

Want to build upon your friends' models? Or challenge your enemies' models? LOOPY lets you have a conversation with simulations! You can go from thinking in systems, to talking in systems.

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"When we were considering various platforms to use, we were won over by the spirit of Kumu's manifesto and their focus on helping social sector leaders make sense of the networks in which they are working for change. Kumu's thoughtful regard for the nuances of mapping, along with their whatever it takes customer service ethic have brought us squarely into their corner!"

Daniel Stid, Director of the Madison Initiative, William and Flora Hewlett Foundation

One platform. Endless possibilities.

Whether you are mapping people, systems, or concepts in general, if you are focused on relationships we've got you covered.

Stakeholder mapping

Explore the complex web of loyalties, interests, influence, and alignment of key players around important issues.

Systems mapping

Understand and engage complex systems more effectively using systems maps and causal loop diagrams.

Social network mapping

Capture the structure of personal networks and reveal key players. Visualize the informal networks within your organization and see how work really gets done.

Community asset mapping

Keep track of the evolving relationships among community members and resources.

Concept mapping

Brainstorm complex ideas and relate individual concepts to the bigger picture. Unfold convoluted series of events using Lombardi diagrams.

Explore the gallery

The art of mapping is to create a context in which others can think.

Simple to get started,
packed with powerful features.

With Kumu you'll be up and running in seconds, no technical background required or software to install.

And once your maps are finished, our built-in presentation builder and publishing platform make it easy to share your work with the world.

Take a tour

We help the world's top organizations overcome complexity.

Looking for something simpler?

Check out Sticky Studio, our collaborative whiteboard for untangling complexity together.

Explore Sticky Studio

Discover the power of mapping.

Join for free, no credit card required

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"When we were considering various platforms to use, we were won over by the spirit of Kumu's manifesto and their focus on helping social sector leaders make sense of the networks in which they are working for change. Kumu's thoughtful regard for the nuances of mapping, along with their whatever it takes customer service ethic have brought us squarely into their corner!"

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the systems thinking playbook: exercises to stretch and build learning and systems thinking capabilities

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business & economics / organizational behavior

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education / teaching methods & materials / general

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The Systems Thinking Playbook: Exercises to Stretch and Build Learning and Systems Thinking Capabilities

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This book has become a favorite of K-12 teachers, university faculty, and corporate consultants. It provides short gaming exercises that illustrate the subtleties of systems thinking. The companion DVD shows the authors introducing and running each of the thirty games. The thirty games are ...

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Google My Maps for Marine Debris Tracker 

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Google My Maps for Marine Debris Tracker 