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How to learn English:  Present Unreal Conditional

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Free English Lessons:  Real Conditionals

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Second Conditional Sentences + Examples | English Grammar Lesson

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Present Real Conditionals

A conditional is made up of two parts: the if-clause and the main clause. We can put either one first and it doesn't change the meaning. We usually use a comma if we put the if-clause first.

If it rains, we'll go to the cinema.

'If it rains' is the if-clause and 'we'll go to the cinema' is the main clause. We can also say 'we'll go to the cinema if it rains' and the meaning is exactly the same.

Although in grammar books we often learn about the zero, first, second, and third conditionals, there are also other ways to use conditionals. Here I'll explain some of the other possibilities.

Real Conditionals

Real conditionals are for things that are either true or likely to be true. Grammar books often talk about how we use them for general truths (this is the zero conditional) and to talk about likely things in the future (this is the first conditional). But we can also use them in other ways. The tenses in real conditionals follow the normal rules for tense and modal use.

Present Real Conditionals

1: Present real conditionals can be used for general truths. This is the classic zero conditional. The result, which is in the main clause, always happens if the condition, which is in the if-clause, happens. This is very common with mathematical or scientific facts. We generally use the present simple in both clauses and this makes sense - as in other kinds of sentences, we use the present simple to talk about things that are generally true.

If you mix oil and water, the oil floats.

If you add two and two, you get four.

2: Present real conditionals can be used for habits in the present or general habits. We also often use the present simple in both clauses when we're talking about habits. Whenever the thing in the if-clause happens, then the thing in the main clause follows. Again, it makes sense to use the present simple as we often use it in all kinds of sentences for present habits.

If my husband cooks dinner, I clean up. (This means that every time my husband cooks dinner, I clean up.)

If John goes to London, he visits his sister. (This means that every time John goes to London, he visits his sister.)

We can also use other verb tenses for general truths and for habits. We can use the present continuous, the present perfect or the present perfect continuous with their normal meanings in either clause and we don't need to use the same tense in both clauses. This is most common with habits.

If I'm travelling, I phone my children every day.  If she hasn't had her coffee, she's grumpy.

But we can also use different present tenses even when we're talking about general truths, though it is much more common to use the present simple in both clauses.

If this paint has dried properly, it's waterproof. (We use 'has dried' to show that the drying needs to happen before the paint is waterproof.)

We can also use modal verbs in either clause, especially 'can' and 'may'.

If I move around, I can concentrate better. (This means every time I move around, I can concentrate better.)

If we want to tell people how they should behave or give advice, we can use an imperative in the main clause.

If you discover a fire, call the fire brigade immediately.

If you have a headache, take some Paracetamol.

We can also use 'should' to give advice.

If you have a headache, you should take some Paracetamol.

3: Present real conditionals can be used to talk about specific situations in the present. These situations are not general truths or habits, but a specific thing with a result either in the present or in the future. It's common to use a modal verb in the main clause in this case. And we can use this kind of conditional when we don't know if the thing are true or not true.

If it's raining outside now, we can call a cab. (I don't know if it's raining or not raining.)

If John and Amanda are on their way here now, you should start making dinner. (Again, I don't know if they're on their way here or not.)

We can use 'will + infinitive' or 'will + be + verb-ing' when we're making a guess about the present in this kind of conditional. This use of will isn't talking about the future. Rather it's about using will to talk about something we're not certain about in the present. (See the Terrific Tenses course for more about this use of 'will'.)

If Lucy's at home, she'll be reading. (This means that if Lucy's at home, I believe she is reading now but I'm not certain.)

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Advanced level review of all the English conditionals

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English Grammar

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Grammar is your #1 FRIEND. Easy, step-by-step RULES & TIPS to improve your grammar FAST. In simple English with TESTS and example sentences.

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English Vocabulary

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See words used when talking about a variety of subjects or topics, with definitions and example sentences in context

Useful English words and phrases conveniently arranged by type, with many example sentences and quizzes

Wordlists based on word classes (parts of speech) and other word forms, with fun quizzes and audio.

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When I use a word, it means just what I choose it to mean - neither more nor less.' Humpty-Dumpty (Lewis Carroll)

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Vocabulary | Learn English | EnglishClub

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Learn English words and meanings with example sentences, tests, audio and video. EnglishClub helps ESL learners with word lists and topic-based vocabulary.

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EnglishClub Pronunciation

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Pronunciation | Learn English | EnglishClub

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Learn to pronounce English with audio, video, tests and basic rules. EnglishClub helps ESL learners study pronunciation to improve speaking and listening.

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English Writing Skills

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Welcome to EnglishClub Writing for ESL learners, to help you learn and practise the skill of writing in English.

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Punctuation is the system of symbols (. , ! - : etc) that we use to separate sentences and parts of sentences, and to make their meaning clear. Here are the punctuation marks that we use in English, together with some punctuation quizzes and a punctuation song.

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English writing guide for ESL learners. English Club offers free lessons and advice on writing in English, with many example sentences and quizzes.

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Perfect English Grammar (perfect-english-grammar.com)

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Lots of reported speech exercises - practise using free interactive quizzes.

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English grammar exercise about passive verbs with the present perfect tense

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Present and Past Perfect Passive exercises - English Classroom

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Present and Past Perfect Passive exercises (A house has / had been built). Practise your English grammar in the English classroom.

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English irregular verbs

In order to revise your English irregular verbs, choose a list according to your level.

You can choose from four different levels:

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In order to revise your English irregular verbs, choose a list according to your level.

You can choose from four different levels:

Once you have selected your level, all the games and exercices will be based on the verb list from that level.

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Revise your English irregular verbs with different levels of lists, tests and games.

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How confident are you about English irregular verbs?

This video shows you how to pronounce 50 of the most common ones (see the list below):
Here is a list of fifty of the most common irregular verbs, with exercises below. This is a good place to start if you are intermediate or beginner level. Download a copy of this list in PDF. If you are more advanced, download this much longer list, which includes most of the crazy verbs in English.
See all the irregular verbs exercises here.

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A list of the irregular verbs in English with their past simple and past participle, and lots of practice exercises.

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Use perfect English Grammar website, the websites below (in this column), or google search these grammar points to boost your skills! :-)

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Lots of free explanations and exercises to help you perfect your English grammar.

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100 Passive Voice Questions - EnglishPost.org

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Passive voice produces a sentence in which the subject receives an action. Learning how to make passive voice questions with all tenses can take some time. If you are checking these and you don’t understand the active voice in English, you might find some problems understanding these type of questio…

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What is an Active voice Passive Voice? (Interrogative Sentences)

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What is an Active voice Passive Voice? (Interrogative Sentences)

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What is an Active voice Passive Voice? (Interrogative Sentences) - Consergy

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Explore the intricacies of Active Voice with our comprehensive guide. Understand its usage in English grammar with clear examples and rules.

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EC B4 M2 10A Name 3 things passive voice

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Wordwall - Create better lessons quicker

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EC B4 M2 10A Name 3 things passive voice

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Open the box - Tap each box in turn to open them up and reveal the item inside.

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Past Passive - What is the past passive of the following sentences?

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Past Passive - What is the past passive of the following sentences?

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Past Passive (Level 3B) What is the past passive of the following sentences?

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Wordwall - Create better lessons quicker

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Past Passive (Level 3B) What is the past passive of the following sentences?

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They drank wine last night., My brother fixed his bike., My friends ate 25 hamburgers in 25 minutes., My dogs caught the ball., Ramiro listened to pop music..

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Passive. Grammar Transformation - Flip tiles

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Passive. Grammar Transformation - Flip tiles

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Wordwall - Create better lessons quicker

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Someone will attend to you later. - You will be attended to later., We must do something before the situation gets out of control. - Something must be done before the situation gets out of control., You can hear the music in all sections of the stadium - The music can be heard in all sections of the stadium., The company employs 5 people. - 5 people are employed by the company., They are going to buy a new TV set next week. - A new TV set is going to be bought next week., My great grandfather built this house 60 years ago. - This house was built 60 years ago by my great grandfather., My sister gave me the key so I could get in. - I was given the key so I could get in., A loud noise woke me up last night. - I was woken up last night by a loud noise., She solved all her problems. - All her problems were solved., The outstanding performance impressed her. - She was impressed by the outstanding performance., You mustn't put the leftovers back in the fridge. - The leftovers mustn't be put back in the fridge., The lawyer is preparing some important documents for the trial. - Some important documents are being prepared for the trial by the lawyer., They are building a new amusement park in this neighbourhood. - A new amusement park is being built in this neighbourhood., Millions of people all over the world watch this programme. - This programme is watched by millions of people all over the world., Somebody stole my car from the car park. - My car was stolen from the car park., She hasn't watered these plants for over a week - These plants haven't been watered for over a week., Joe introduced me to his girlfriend last week. - I was introduced to Joe's girlfriend last week., They might invite us to the party, but I'm not sure - We might by invited to the party, nut I'm not sure., Candidates must return their applications by the end of next week. - Applications must be returned by the candidates by the end of next week., We will finish all the school projects by the end of the next term. - All the school projects will be finished by the end of the next term., Somebody took this picture a while ago. - This photo was taken a while ago., The authorities should raise more money for the new church. - More money for the new church should be raised by the authorities., They gave us a guided tour in the museum. - We were given a guided tour in the museum., They saw the suspect entering the building. - The suspect was seen entering the building., The police are investigating the murder. - The murder is being investigated by the police., Picasso painted Guernica in 1937. - Guernica was painted by Picasso in 1937., People have fought wars throughout history. - Wars have been fought throughout history., You can buy tickets for the concert here - Tickets for the concert can be bought here., All the newspapers are reporting the scandal. - The scandal is being reported by all the newspapers., Someone has already paid the workers. - The workers have already been paid.,

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Flip tiles - Explore a series of two sided tiles by tapping to zoom and swiping to flip.

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Passive Voice - Name 3 things (Teach This)

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Passive Voice - Name 3 things (Teach This)

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Wordwall - Create better lessons quicker

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Free APA Citation Generator | Verified by Experts | Scribbr

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Scribbr’s free APA Citation Generator creates accurate APA citations in seconds. Recommended and trusted by students and teachers worldwide.

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Academic Writing: linking & transition words 

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Academic Writing: linking & transition words 

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How to write in an evidenced based formal style Improve your structure and vocabulary

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For another look at the same content, check out the YouTube " or Youku " videos.

In academic writing, you will need to cite (or 'refer to') other people's work or ideas. This section considers how to do this by first looking at what references and citations are, then answering the question of why you need to cite.

What are references & citations?

The terms reference and citation are important in academic writing and the difference between the two can be confusing (though in fact understanding the difference is less important than being able to use both correctly!). The following distinctions are standard in academic writing.

Citation: a specific source used in your text; also called in-text citation, as it occurs in the main body of the text. It can be considered to be short-hand format, as it does not contain full text (or 'biographical') information.

Reference: the full text (or 'biographical') details, such as publisher or URL, title, etc.; also called end-text citation or work cited. It is contained in theReference Section at the end of the work. The reference allows the reader to find the text easily, and is the long-hand format of the in-text citation.

Why cite?

The answer to the question of 'Why cite?' is to maintain appropriate academic standards and honesty. You will need to use other people's ideas or words in your writing to make it stronger, and when you do this it is appropriate to acknowledge the fact that these are not your own ideas or words. This is done via citations. It is also appropriate to allow the reader to locate the source and verify the information, and this is done via thereferences.

A shorter (and more common, though in some ways incorrect) answer to the question of 'Why cite?' is 'to avoid plagiarism'. This is discussed more below in the section on avoiding plagiarism, which also gives types of plagiarism and reasons why students plagiarise.

References
Bailey, S. (2000). Academic Writing. Abingdon: RoutledgeFalmer

Pears, R. and Shields, G. (2013). Cite them right: The essential guide to referencing. 9th edn. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan.

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In academic writing, you will need to cite (or 'refer to') other people's work or ideas, with in-text citations and correctly formatted reference sections.

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English Reading Skills

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Welcome to EnglishClub Reading for ESL learners, to help you learn and practise the skill of reading English.

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Improve your English reading skills. EnglishClub helps ESL learners with tips, exercises and tests, a reading guide, recommended reading, short stories.

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Nasser Al-Khori helps children with his group, Generation Amazing. He thinks sports can make life better. His team teaches children...

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Go to your level. Go to Level 1 if you know 1-1000 words. Go to Level 2 if you know 1000-2000 words. Go to Level 3 if you know 2000-3000 words.

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Listen to the news from today and read the text at the same time.

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Answer the question under today's news and write the answer in the comments.

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News in Levels " World News for Students of English

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We write news in three different levels of English. We want to help you understand English more. Now all students can enjoy reading and listening to news.

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Science-based reading with vocab lists & questions

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Science News Explores publishes news from all fields of science for students and other curious individuals from middle school and up, with resources for parents and educators.

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Academic reading requires skills such as skimming for main ideas, scanning, surveying, establishing a purpose, and guessing meaning of unknown words.

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Sentence Gap Fill

Mind Monsters - Robert Montesino
Replace the removed sentences in this story of things unseen by most people.
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Indian Doctor Jailed for Determining Gender of Unborn Child
Replace the removed sentences in this article about medical malpractice.
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Advanced - Reading and Writing Page | ESL Lounge

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There are some general reading comprehensions in this section for advanced level students. There are three main types of reading comprehensions...

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Open Library is an open, editable library catalog, building towards a web page for every book ever published. Read, borrow, and discover more than 3M books for free.

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cinderella says:
Odd Thomas is tracking a trucker of evil. The evil that this trucker is involved in has to do with satanic worship and child sacrifice. Why did I read this? Odd is grea... More details

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Online Reading Books for Free - ReadAnyBook

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ReadAnyBook - Best e-Library for reading books online. Choice one of 500.000+ free books in our online reader and read text, epub, and fb2 files directly on the page you are browsing. Best fiction, romance, fantasy, young adult, and nonfiction e-books every day!

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Contents form two graded reader corpora accessible on the English Concordance page, corpus_graded_1k (0-1200 headwords; 2.5MB; 540,000 words), and corpus_graded_2k (1400-2300 headwords; 5MB; 920,000 words).
Here the whole collection can be searched by publisher.

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LEVEL 1 (400 headwords)
The Elephant Man
Goodbye Mr Hollywood
The Lottery Winner
Remember Miranda
Mutiny on the Bounty
One Way Ticket (3 train stories)
Christmas in Prague
The President’s Murderer
A Little Princess
White Death
The Witches of Pendle

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graded readers ebooks - best choice to learn English. Download or read online for free!

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25 Best Sites To Read Free Books Online Without Downloading

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Reading is a great way to exercise your brain, learn new things, and even improve your vocabulary. It is also a good way to pass time. However, sometimes you just can’t seem to find the right book to read either because you are far away from the library or just don’t have the money to ... Read more

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Here you can find activities to practise your reading skills. Reading will help you to improve your understanding of the language and build your vocabulary.

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Welcome to EnglishClub Listening for ESL learners, to help you learn and practise the skill of listening to English.

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A wise old owl
Sat in an oak.
The more he saw,
The less he spoke.
The less he spoke,
The more he heard.
Why can't we be like
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Online English listening practice and advice for English learners. Listen and learn English the natural way. With podcasts online or downloadable.

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Revise and practise your grammar to help you increase your confidence and improve your language level.

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Useful Phrases For Talking About Cause And Effect In English (Speaking Lessons)

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These terms are valuable in talking about cause and effect in various situations, providing clarity and precision in communication by establishing the

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Here you can find activities to practise your speaking skills. You can improve your speaking by noticing the language we use in different situations and practising useful phrases.

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Here you can find activities to practise your listening skills. Listening will help you to improve your understanding of the language and your pronunciation.

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Cambridge Dictionary | English Dictionary, Translations & Thesaurus

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The most popular dictionary and thesaurus for learners of English. Meanings and definitions of words with pronunciations and translations.

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Oxford Learner's Dictionaries | Find definitions, translations, and grammar explanations at Oxford Learner's Dictionaries

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The largest and most trusted free online dictionary for learners of British and American English with definitions, pictures, example sentences, synonyms, antonyms, word origins, audio pronunciation, and more. Look up the meanings of words, abbreviations, phrases, and idioms in our free English Dictionary.

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What is another word for “squirreled away”?

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Find 250 synonyms for “squirreled away” and other similar words that you can use instead from our thesaurus…

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Ellii can help you improve your English fluency in all areas: grammar, pronunciation, vocabulary, reading, listening, and speaking.

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Useful APPS, Websites, and Tips for Self-Study

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Useful APPS, Websites, and Tips for Self-Study

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Find extra listening and reading practice to help you improve your level of English and practice language you can use in everyday situations.

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Find extra listening and reading practice to help you improve your level of English and practise language you can use in everyday situations.

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learn british english free pronunciation

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Learn beautiful British English (modern RP) with English teacher Lucy Bella Simkins

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"english conversation practise" "practise english speaking" "english speaking practice" "english speaking" "english conversation practice" "english practice ...

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At mmmEnglish, our mission is to help students around the world build the confidence they need to speak English with ease. We have over 200 English lessons that will help you to build vocabulary, develop natural pronunciation, increase grammar accuracy, practise functional language skills and reach conversation fluency.

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Learn new words to improve your vocabulary to help you communicate well in English.

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Bouncing baby goats join their herd in the pasture!

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Tortoise Mukbang - for something a little different!

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Tortoise Mukbang - for something a little different!

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ASMR EATING FOOD MUKBANG 🐢 Turtle Tortoise 83

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30 creative hobbies for you to try♡⸜(˃ ᵕ ˂ )⸝

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Need to Relax?  Listen to some calming music!

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Need to Relax?  Listen to some calming music!

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Quiet Music For Kids In The Classroom - swirling paint, mesmerizing patterns, sensory video for ADHD

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Tracy Chapman 2023 - GREATEST HITS - Baby Can I Hold You, Give Me One Reason, Stand By Me, Fast Car

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Guardians of the Galaxy: Awesome Mix (Vol. 1 & Vol. 2) (Full Soundtrack)

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Avril Lavigne  Greatest Hits - Avril Lavigne  Songs Playlist 2024 | Best English Songs On Spotify

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D.a.f.t P.u.n.k Greatest Hits 🔥 Best D.a.f.t P.u.n.k Songs & Playlist 🔥 Full Album 2022

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Are you a Belieber?  Listen to Justin to relax!

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Are you a Belieber?  Listen to Justin to relax!

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Justin Bieber Songs Playlist 2024 ~ The Best Of Justin Bieber ~ Greatest Hits Full Album 2024 Lyrics

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Do you need to relax?  SCROLL DOWN and CLICK on the following links for music, artistic and creative activities, mukbang sounds, or cute little animals.

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Do you need to relax?  SCROLL DOWN and CLICK on the following links for music, artistic and creative activities, mukbang sounds, or cute little animals.

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ILSC Greystone Student Connect - Your Digital Student Ecosystem

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Here are other ways you can:

Agree + Disagree

Ask for an Opinion

Express Agreement or Disagreement

Interrupt

Settle an Argument

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Giving Opinions

Supporting an Opinion

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How are opinions supported in a talk (a presentation) or discussion?

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How are opinions supported in a talk (a presentation) or discussion?

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Giving an example

Explaining further

Giving a reason

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Practicing /th/ (voiced) – English Pronunciation Lesson (Part 2)

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Pronouncing /th/ (voiced) – English Pronunciation Lesson (Part 1)

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Practicing /th/ (voiceless) – English Pronunciation Lesson (Part 2)

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Pronouncing /th/ (voiceless) – English Pronunciation Lesson (Part 1)

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Pronunciation Lessons & Practice by Ellii

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Pronunciation Lessons & Practice by Ellii

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Pronunciation Lessons & Practice by Ellii (formerly ESL Library)

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Practice pronouncing all the sounds in English to improve your speaking skills! Our language expert will show you how to form each sound and pronounce common…

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Are there specific sounds that you are struggling with at the moment? Click on this to hear how it sounds!

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Follow EnglishClub on X
Listen to the sounds of English

Please wait a few seconds while the chart loads...

The symbols on this clickable chart represent the 44 sounds used in British English speech (Received Pronunciation). Click on each symbol or sample word to hear. ( See also: Printable Phonemic Chart)

Monophthong vowels are arranged by mouth shape:

left > right, lips wide > lips round

top > bottom, jaw closed > jaw open

The first two rows of consonants are paired:

above, voiceless

below, voiced

This version of the phonemic chart is based on the familiar Adrian Underhill layout.

Further Reference

Useful Videos

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Click to hear each symbol and sample word. This interactive phonemic chart contains all 44 sounds used in spoken British English (Received Pronunciation).