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March 12, 1947

President Harry S. Truman delivered a speech to Congress, declaring that the US would provide political, military, and economic assistance to all democratic nations under threat from external or internal authoritarian forces. This speech was a response to crises in Greece and Turkey, where communist movements threatened to take over the governments.

The Truman Doctrine was the first official articulation of the containment policy, aimed at stopping the spread of communism. By providing aid to Greece and Turkey, the US aimed to prevent these countries from falling into the Soviet sphere of influence.

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June 5, 1947
Secretary of State George C. Marshall announced an economic aid program to rebuild war-torn Europe. Officially known as the European Recovery Program, it provided over $12 billion (equivalent to nearly $100 billion today) in economic assistance to help rebuild Western European economies.

The Marshall Plan aimed to prevent the spread of communism by stabilizing the economies of Western Europe, making them less susceptible to communist influence and uprisings.

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June 24, 1948 – May 12, 1949
In response to the Soviet blockade of West Berlin, the US and its allies organized the Berlin Airlift to supply West Berlin with food, fuel, and other essential goods. Planes flew around the clock to deliver supplies to the isolated city.

The Berlin Airlift was a direct response to Soviet attempts to force the Western Allies out of Berlin. By sustaining West Berlin, the US and its allies maintained a foothold in the city and demonstrated their commitment to resisting Soviet pressure and containing communism.

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April 4, 1949
NATO was established as a military alliance between the United States, Canada, and several Western European nations. The primary purpose was to provide collective security against the Soviet Union.

NATO was a strategic effort to deter Soviet aggression and expansion. The alliance meant that an attack on one member was considered an attack on all, thus providing a united front against potential Soviet expansion into Western Europe.