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The Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia showcased America's industrial might to the world. This World's Fair featured new inventions like Alexander Graham Bell's telephone and demonstrated how America was rapidly becoming an industrial powerhouse.

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The Compromise of 1877 led to the withdrawal of federal troops from the South, effectively ending the Reconstruction era. This marked a significant setback for African American rights and led to the implementation of Jim Crow laws.

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Southern states enacted Black Codes and Jim Crow laws to restrict African American rights and enforce segregation. These discriminatory laws would remain in place for decades, severely limiting opportunities for African Americans in housing, education, and employment.

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The first major law restricting immigration to the United States was passed, prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers. This act reflected the growing anti-Chinese sentiment and marked the beginning of race-based immigration policies in America.

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The completion of the Brooklyn Bridge symbolized America's growing industrial and engineering capabilities. This architectural marvel connected Manhattan and Brooklyn, facilitating urban growth and commerce.

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A labor demonstration in Chicago turned violent, highlighting the growing tensions between workers and industry owners. This event significantly influenced the American labor movement and the fight for workers' rights.

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Congress passed the first federal law to prohibit trusts and monopolies, though initially it was often used against labor unions rather than big businesses. This legislation marked an important step in regulating business practices in America.

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The opening of Ellis Island marked a new era in American immigration. This processing center would welcome millions of immigrants, fundamentally changing the demographic makeup of American cities and contributing to rapid urbanization.

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The Supreme Court's 'separate but equal' ruling legitimized racial segregation and Jim Crow laws. This decision would have lasting impacts on housing, education, and public facilities across America.

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The arrival of automobiles in major cities marked the beginning of a transportation revolution. This new technology would soon transform American cities, impact urban planning, and change how Americans lived and worked.

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Rose Schneiderman's firsthand account: 'I can't talk fellowship to you who are gathered here. Too much blood has been spilled. I know from my experience it is up to the working people to save themselves.' The tragic fire killed 146 workers, mostly young immigrant women, and led to significant workplace safety reforms.

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Rapid urbanization led to overcrowded tenements in cities like New York and Chicago. Jacob Riis's photographs exposed the terrible living conditions of the urban poor, leading to housing reforms and the creation of settlement houses.