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Date: 1854

This act established the territories of Kansas and Nebraska and allowed the settlers in those territories to determine whether they would allow slavery through popular sovereignty. The act led to violent conflicts, known as "Bleeding Kansas," as pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions rushed to influence the decision.

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Date: 1846-1848

Description: The war between the United States and Mexico resulted in significant territorial gains for the U.S., including present-day California, Nevada, and Utah. The acquisition of these territories heightened tensions over the expansion of slavery into new states.

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Date: 1832-1833

Description: This crisis involved South Carolina's attempt to nullify federal tariffs, which they believed were harmful to their economy. The crisis highlighted the tensions between state and federal authority and foreshadowed the southern states’ later efforts to secede.

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Date: December 1860

Description: This was the document through which South Carolina declared its secession from the United States. It marked the beginning of the formal breakup of the Union and set the stage for the Civil War.

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Date: 1820

Description: This compromise admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state to maintain the balance between free and slave states. It also established the 36°30′ parallel as the line separating free and slave territories, a temporary solution to ongoing conflicts over slavery.

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Date: 1850

Description: A package of five separate bills that aimed to address the status of territories acquired during the Mexican-American War. It included the admission of California as a free state and strengthened the Fugitive Slave Act, further inflaming tensions between North and South.

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Date: November 1860

Description: Abraham Lincoln's election as President without any Southern electoral votes sparked fear in the South that their way of life was threatened. This led to the secession of Southern states and the eventual outbreak of the Civil War.

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Date: 1852

Description: Harriet Beecher Stowe’s novel exposed the harsh realities of slavery and swayed public opinion in the North against the institution. It energized the abolitionist movement and intensified sectional tensions.

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Date: 1854-1861

Description: A series of violent confrontations in Kansas between pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers. This conflict exemplified the struggle over whether new territories should allow slavery and foreshadowed the larger conflicts of the Civil War.

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Date: October 16-18, 1859

Description: Abolitionist John Brown attempted to initiate an armed slave revolt by capturing the U.S. arsenal at Harper's Ferry, Virginia. Although unsuccessful, the raid intensified the national debate over slavery and led to Brown’s execution, making him a martyr for the abolitionist cause.

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Date: 1857

Description: The Supreme Court ruling that declared Dred Scott, an enslaved man, was not a citizen and had no right to sue for his freedom. The decision invalidated the Missouri Compromise and inflamed tensions over slavery, contributing to the Civil War.

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Date: Various dates, but significant laws in the early 1800s

Description: Tariffs designed to protect American industry from foreign competition. These tariffs were unpopular in the South, which relied on imported goods, and contributed to regional tensions that led to the Civil War.