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June 28, 1914: The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

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June 28, 1914: The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

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The spark that ignited World War I: Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his wife Sophie were assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip. This event triggered a chain reaction of alliances that would plunge Europe into war. The assassination took place as the couple was leaving Sarajevo's Town Hall, leading Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia one month later.

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August 4, 1914: German Invasion of Belgium

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August 4, 1914: German Invasion of Belgium

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Germany implemented the Schlieffen Plan, invading neutral Belgium to outflank French defenses. This violation of Belgian neutrality prompted Britain to declare war on Germany. The resistance of Belgian forces at Liège, though ultimately futile, delayed the German advance and gave Allied forces valuable time to mobilize.

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September 5-12, 1914: First Battle of the Marne

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September 5-12, 1914: First Battle of the Marne

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The First Battle of the Marne marked a crucial Allied victory that prevented a German breakthrough to Paris. French and British forces, aided by troops transported to the front in Paris taxicabs, successfully pushed back the German advance. This battle effectively ended Germany's hopes for a quick victory and led to four years of trench warfare.

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April 25, 1915: Gallipoli Campaign Begins

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April 25, 1915: Gallipoli Campaign Begins

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The Gallipoli Campaign represented an ambitious attempt by Allied forces to capture the Dardanelles Strait and Constantinople. The campaign became a costly failure, with heavy casualties on both sides. It notably featured troops from Australia and New Zealand (ANZAC), marking a significant moment in these nations' histories and national identities.

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February 21, 1916: Battle of Verdun Begins

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February 21, 1916: Battle of Verdun Begins

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The Battle of Verdun became the longest single battle of World War I and a symbol of French determination. The German assault aimed to 'bleed France white,' but both sides suffered enormous casualties. By the end's battle, there were over 700,000 casualties. The battle became known as the 'meat grinder' and exemplified the war's brutal nature of attrition.

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July 1, 1916: Battle of the Somme Begins

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July 1, 1916: Battle of the Somme Begins

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The first day of the Battle of the Somme became the bloodiest day in British military history, with nearly 20,000 British soldiers killed. The battle introduced tanks to warfare for the first time and demonstrated the horrific human cost of frontal assaults against entrenched positions. By its end in November, over one million soldiers were wounded or killed.

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The United States Congress declared war on Germany, officially entering World War I. This decision came after Germany's resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare and the revelation of the Zimmermann Telegram. The arrival of fresh American troops would eventually help turn the tide of war in the Allies' favor.

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The Armistice was signed in Marshal Foch's railway carriage in the Forest of Compiègne, marking the end of World War I. The agreement called for the cessation of fighting along the entire Western Front. The war officially ended at the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month, though the formal peace treaty (Treaty of Versailles) would not be signed until 1919.