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Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects the way the body handles glucose, which is a type of sugar and a main source of energy for the body's cells. When you consume food, it is broken down into glucose, which is then absorbed into your bloodstream. The body needs insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, so that glucose can enter the cells and be used for energy.

Under normal conditions, after eating, the pancreas releases insulin to help glucose move from the blood into the cells. However, in people with diabetes, this process does not work properly. As a result, glucose builds up in the blood instead of being used by cells.

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About 5 percent of people with diabetes have type 1. The cause is an autoimmune reaction (the body attacks itself by mistake) that causes the body to stop producing insulin. It is usually diagnosed in children, adolescents and young adults. If you have type 1 diabetes, you will have to take insulin every day to survive. Currently, no one knows how to prevent type 1 diabetes.

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The body does not use insulin well and is not able to keep blood sugar at normal levels. It develops over many years and is usually diagnosed in adults (although increasingly in children, adolescents and young adults). You may not notice any symptoms, so it's important to get your blood sugar tested if you're at risk. Type 2 diabetes can be prevented or delayed with healthy lifestyle changes, such as losing weight if you are overweight, eating healthy foods, and getting regular physical activity.

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Diabetes has become a growing public health concern in Ecuador, ranking as the second most common disease in the country, only behind hypertension. The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) has warned about the constantly increasing impact of this disease on the Ecuadorian population, urging greater awareness and education on this critical health issue.

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Diabetes not only puts the health at risk, but also the economy of those who suffer from it in Ecuador, due to the high cost of medications such as insulin. The WHO warns that in poorer countries, the cost of insulin can consume up to 22% of a person's income, limiting access to this essential treatment. Globally, only half of the 65 million people who need insulin can access it, aggravating the situation and putting lives at risk.