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Write down the names of all group members

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Write down the names of all group members

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Provide evidence supports “Hong Kong has been part of the territory of China since ancient times."

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Provide evidence supports “Hong Kong has been part of the territory of China since ancient times."

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11 Phoebe Lam

15 Sophie Leung

16 Sharmaine Leung

22 Alvina Man

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group 1

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Alyssa Law

Winsome Lee

Nicole Fung

Oceana Lo

Julie Chan

Hailey Lok

Nicole Ng

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Lily Liu

Alice Li

Sarah Huang

Phoebe Kang

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In Hong Kong, many of the street names reflect its root. the streets Amoy (Xiamen) and Swatow were named after cities in that area, with Westernised English names of that era.

In the mid to late 19th century, Wan Chai became a hub for maritime trade and business. Companies established offices, docks, and warehouses along the coast. One of them, Dent & Co, mainly traded with Chinese ports like Xiamen and Shantou.

When the original dock area shifted inland due to land reclamation, Amoy Street (廈門街) and Swatow Street (汕頭街) were created. These names were derived from the Romanisation of Hokkien and Teochew dialects spoken in those cities, and these two streets were among the first in Hong Kong to be named after cities in mainland China.

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When eight-year-old Southern Song dynasty (1127–1279) emperor Zhao Shi and his seven-year-old brother Zhao Bing fled Mongol invaders in the 13th century, they took refuge on a hill that overlooked Kowloon City’s rice paddies and villages.

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02 Alvina Cheng

04 Elisa Chung

08 Serene Hong

24 Genevieve Mui

25 Hailey Ng

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on July 1, 1997, Hong Kong returned to Chinese control after a century and a half of British colonial rule. The handover was meant to establish a “one country, two systems” relationship between China and Hong Kong that would last until 2047, with Hong Kong existing as a special administrative region.

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Hong Kong uses Cantonese ,

and Traditional Chinese as the administrative Chinese language, Mainland China uses Mandarin and Simplified.

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Inhabited since the Stone Age, the region of Hong Kong was incorporated into Imperial China around the 2nd century BC, and its history reflected that of the mainland for the next two thousand years. Hong Kong's population originally relied on fishing, pearl farming and salt production for their income, but the coastal area eventually became an important free port involved in trade with the British Empire.

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in 1909, the Government started to name streets in Kowloon after major Chinese provinces that traded with Hong Kong, to recognise Hong Kong as a commercial port

It used to sell traditional chinese goods like the traditional wedding dresses , books and fung shui tools.

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Evidence showing that HK is part of China:

Names of Significant Locations: Streets leading to important sites, such as the Hong Kong Cultural Centre,often bear names reflecting the context of Chinese governance and culture.

Cultural References: Some streets are named after Chinese festivals, historical events, or Chinese cities, showing that Hong Kong's identity is tied with China

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Like everywhere else, we speak differently because of a different cultural background. Internet Slang can be one of the major differences in our languages. We even have different saying about the floor level - HongKongers see ground floor as ground floor while people in China believe that ground floor is the first floor

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China and Hong Kong both eat a lot of rice and usually have meals with the family and serve all dishes at once.

Hong Kong's food culture is deeply influenced by various parts of China, especially Guangdong Province. Common dishes such as dim sum, braised pork, etc. have many similarities with Chinese eating habits.

-https://youtu.be/CI1nu1VSYwg?si=UmKcaRVb4DUw7_yy persevered mustard green with fish/suancai
— it has been a recent trend in HongKong especially for shops like 12flavour, tai2
— the taste reference are similar therefore many trends do go around two places

- https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/點心
dimsum /yumcha
— Hong Kong people always “yumcha” for tea and for celebration, this format of restaurant is heavily influenced by mainland china and many famous dishes origin from there.
— “yumcha” origins from Guangdong Province but many common dimsums are from all over China and the dishes are very diverse.

- https://youtu.be/iFhqs3AyTAY?si=NwHt0nSDGvhGpSnT
clay pot rice
— prepared in a semi-glazed clay pot with a satisfyingly scrips bottom for textural contrast
— can be served with velveteen chicken with mushrooms or dried chinese sausages or eel in black bean sauce
— originates in Guangdong region

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_tea
Chinese tea
— it is a common practice for Chinese to boil a pot of tea or nowadays, teabag as a daily drink. There’s many types like white, green, yellow, oolong, black and post-fermented.
— many people use it to welcome guests and both China and Hong Kong people often have tea at home for all usages

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Even after the Opium War, being a British colony, Hong Kong still remained a close relationship with our mother country. For example, many workers in Hong Kong participated in Canton-Hong Kong Strike (省港大罷工）in 1925-1926.

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Hong Kong shares several festivals with mainland China, reflecting their common cultural heritage.

1. **Lunar New Year (Chinese New Year)**:
- Celebrated with family gatherings, feasts, lion dances, and fireworks.
- Red envelopes (lai see) are exchanged for good luck.

2. **Mid-Autumn Festival**:
- Marked by mooncake sharing and lantern displays.
- Celebrates the harvest and the full moon, symbolizing family unity.

3. **Dragon Boat Festival**:
- Features dragon boat races and eating zongzi (sticky rice dumplings wrapped in bamboo leaves).
- Commemorates the poet Qu Yuan.

4. **Qingming Festival (Tomb Sweeping Day)**:
- A day for honoring ancestors by cleaning graves and making offerings.
- Involves family outings to enjoy springtime.

These festivals highlight the shared cultural practices and values between Hong Kong and mainland China, despite their distinct local variations.

Website: https://www.discoverhongkong.com/eng/explore/culture/celebrate-in-hong-kong-with-time-honoured-festivities.html

Videos:
Chinese New Year:
https://youtu.be/gUqhUNp5x2s?si=UHkeL0LTNKaGAncz

Mid-Autumn Festival:
https://youtu.be/swjtxgytKTM?si=wOSnb7rwqHKDJyhs

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The archaeological discoveries in historical sites of the Neolithic period, including the painted pottery and stone tools found in Hong Kong, are closely related to those found at the sites and burial grounds in Guangdong and elsewhere. The ancient cultures of the Hong Kong region and the Lingnan region are very closely linked.

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The written form of Chinese is basically the same across different dialects. However, given the significant differences in pronunciation, you may wonder how Mandarin and Cantonese use the same characters.

In fact, standard written Cantonese is primarily based on written Mandarin. Therefore, Cantonese speakers often use the same written language as Mandarin in formal writing situations. Cantonese is actually in a bilingual state, which means that this dialect has two written languages. In informal settings, speakers use spoken versions of written Cantonese for Cantonese-specific words that are not found in Mandarin. In all other cases, Cantonese speakers use a form of written Chinese that is more similar to Mandarin.

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Probably supposed to be Fourth Street since we have First Street, Second Street, and Third Street
However, 4 is an inauspicious number in Chinese culture/superstition, so the street was renamed
—> cultural ties/customs

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The religions believed in by Hong Kong people, such as Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism, have many similarities with the religious belief system in mainland China.

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According to the 2001 data, 89.2% of Hong Kong's population (about 5.73 million people) speak Cantonese dialect.

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Hong Kong's literature and art are influenced by traditional Chinese culture, such as calligraphy, Chinese painting and classical literature.

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The road was originally named MacDonnell Road. It was renamed to Canton Road in 1909 to avoid confusion with MacDonnell Road on Hong Kong Island.The road is named after the City of Canton, following a pattern where roads in the area were named after cities in China and Vietnam. However, an error resulted in Canton being interpreted as referring to the Province of Canton (Now Guangdong), resulting in the Chinese name of the road becoming Canton Road instead of the intended Guangzhou Road

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Traditional Chinese medicine still occupies a place in Hong Kong. Many people use traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture and other therapies, which is connected with the medical culture of mainland China.

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https://www.britannica.com/topic/Chinese-New-Year

https://www.cathaypacific.com/cx/en_HK/inspiration/hong-kong/how-to-celebrate-chinese-new-year-in-hong-kong.html#:~:text=During%20Chinese%20New%20Year%20in,carry%20out%20other%20auspicious%20rituals.&text=Visits%20among%20relatives%20typically%20take%20place%20throughout%20the%20New%20Year%20period.

How people celebrate Chinese New Year

Give red packets to younger people —> bring good luck and fortune

Wear red clothes and have red decorations at home —> symbolise prosperity

Family members gather together for dinner and eat poonchoi containing food that symbolise reunion

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On traditional festivals or special occasions, Hong Kong people will still wear traditional Chinese costumes, such as cheongsams and coats, which reflects the recognition of Chinese clothing culture.

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Other street names about British occupation

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Other street names about British occupation

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Boundary Street, Pottinger Street, Possession Street, Prince Edward Road, Bonham Road
—> named after the British occupation

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.Marriage customs and family ceremonies:

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.Marriage customs and family ceremonies:

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Hong Kong's wedding customs and family ceremonies, such as tea toasting and grand ceremonies, have many similarities with traditional Chinese marriage customs.

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custom a way of behaving or a belief that has been establish for a long time, can be a form of cultural representation

Take for example, a Chinese wedding ceremony. There are distinctive customs and traditions that are observed. All of these traditions reflect Chinese culture. When a particular gesture, behavior, event, or act is repeatedly performed, it becomes a custom.

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The territory that now comprises Hong Kong was loosely part of China during the Qin dynasty,when qinshihuang has ruled almost everywhere and unify measurement and language at that time. Archaeological evidence indicates that the population increased during the Han dynasty,which various economic activities and manufacture industry started to boom in hk,namely Tai Po Hoi, the sea of Tai Po, was a major pearl hunting harbour in China from the Han dynasty through to the Ming dynasty,which foster immigration of mainland businessmen and workers who lead  chinese Into hk. During the Jin dynasty until the early Tang dynasty, Hong Kong was governed by Bao'an County. Under the Tang dynasty, the Guangdong region flourished as an international trading centre. During the Jin dynasty until the early Tang dynasty, Hong Kong was governed by Bao'an County. Under the Tang dynasty, the Guangdong region flourished as an international trading centre. The economic blooming actually consolidated the interconnection between chinese markst and hk market and more importantly keep the language updated with formal language of different dynast

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This festival is celebrated annually on the lunar september ninth. Chinese people express their gratitude to their parents on that day. Hong Kong people follows this tradition and we worship our ancestors on that day, sweeping tombs and burn food for their ancestors

Also, in the Han Dynasty, someone predicted that a disaster would happen on the lunar september ninth, and ordered a family to move to a high spot to protect themselves, and they were safe at last, Hong Kong people has followed the tradition of going on top of a mountain, hence why one of the customs in Hong Kong during the Yang Festival is hiking and picnicking in country parks

https://www.okay.com/zh-hk/property-guides/chinese-festivals-in-hong-kong-tales--traditions/352

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Street names directly translated from Chinese

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Street names directly translated from Chinese

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Fuk Man Rd 福民路, Wan King Path 灣景街
Sound vulgar in English but make a lot of sense in Chinese!
—> Some street names were originally in Chinese

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Both Hong Kong and mainland China have rich handicraft traditions, such as paper cutting, embroidery and pottery, which have a long history in both places.

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In Hong Kong and mainland China, many places still maintain traditional beliefs such as feng shui and divination, which have a certain impact on people's lives and decision-making.

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Traditional Music: Both cultures appreciate traditional Chinese music, including instruments like the erhu and guzheng. Folk music and opera (such as Cantonese opera) are also significant in both regions.

Contemporary Scene: The music scene in Hong Kong is vibrant, incorporating Cantopop, which has its roots in traditional Chinese music but also incorporates Western influences.

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In late Qing, the British government forced the Qing government to sign three unequal treaties. The Hong Kong territory then came under foreign administration.

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Family gatherings are equally important in Hong Kong culture, especially on festivals and important anniversaries. This concept of attaching importance to family echoes the traditions of mainland China.

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This is celebrated annually, on the lunar ninth of September. In China, people expressed their gratitude to their ancestors on that day, hence why Hong Kong now has that custom where we worship ohr ancestors, sweep their tombs and burn food for them during the Yang Festival

Also, in Han Dynasty, someone predicted that a disaster would occur on September ninth, and he asked a family to move to the highest spot they could find to protect themselves. At last, the family was safe, and Hong Kong people now has the custom where we hike and picnic in country parks during the Yang Festival

https://www.okay.com/zh-hk/property-guides/chinese-festivals-in-hong-kong-tales--traditions/352

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香港的中國傳統節日簡介：習俗與典故 - OKAY.com 屋企

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香港一直是中西交匯的橋樑，百多年來香港發展出獨特的文化。除了慶祝主要西方節日外，香港人亦非常重視中國傳統節日。本篇文章將簡介香港主要的中國節日傳統及典故。由於中國節日採用中國農曆曆法計算，因此每年的日子均不盡相同。

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Hong Kong enjoying dim sum with tea is a social custom, whereas China also shares several similarities regarding tea customs, reflecting their cultural ties and historical connections. For example, in both cultures, it is customary to serve tea to guests first as a sign of respect. During weddings, couples serve tea to their families and in traditional practices.

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Poon Choi

Poon Choi is a traditional dish from the New Territories of Hong Kong. According to legend, Poon Choi originated in the late Southern Song Dynasty. At that time, Zhao Shi and Zhao Bing of the Song Dynasty fled due to Yuan soldiers invading the Central Plains. During this period, they passed through the present-day New Territories area. The villagers did not dare to neglect the royal family and immediately The delicacies from the village were collected for the emperor's enjoyment, but there were no utensils to hold all the food, so in a hurry, wooden basins for washing and clothing were used instead. Since then, Poon Choi has become popular in Hong Kong's walled villages.

> shows that Hong Kong is a part of china since late Southern Song Dynasty

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Homes are thoroughly cleaned before the new year to sweep away bad luck, followed by decorating with red paper cuttings and paintings

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Confucian values emphasizing filial piety and respect for elders are deeply ingrained in the cultural norms of both Hong Kong and mainland China. This is reflected in customs such as honoring one's parents and grandparents. (https://www.globalfromasia.com/chinaandhongkong/)[[2]](https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/12/05/how-people-in-hong-kong-view-mainland-china-and-their-own-identity/)

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The Winter Solstice festival was celebrated from the Han Dynasty, where people celebrate their yearly harvest and sacrifice to the Lord and their ancestors, thanking them for their protection. Now in Hong Kong, we celebrate as a family, where we unite together and eat pink and white tangyuan in sweet broth over the long night, symbolising family unity and prosperity

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• On traditional festivals or special occasions, Hong Kong people will still wear traditional Chinese costumes, such as cheongsams and qipao ,which reflects the recognition of Chinese clothing culture.

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The use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is prevalent in both Hong Kong and mainland China. TCM practitioners, herbal remedies, and acupuncture are widely accepted and integrated into the healthcare systems of the two regions. (https://www.globalfromasia.com/chinaandhongkong/)[[3]](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/121814/hong-kong-vs-china-understand-differences.asp)

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In addition to the Lunar New Year, Hong Kong and mainland China celebrate various traditional Chinese festivals, such as the Mid-Autumn Festival, Qingming Festival, and Dragon Boat Festival, with similar customs and celebrations. (https://www.globalfromasia.com/chinaandhongkong/)[[2]](https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/12/05/how-people-in-hong-kong-view-mainland-china-and-their-own-identity/)

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Common during festivals and special occasions, often with specific customs.

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Valued art forms are practiced in both cultures.

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Strong emphasis on family ties and reunions during holidays.

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Both regions have temples and celebrate related festivals.

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Taiji and Wingchun are both popular Chinese martial arts in both China and Hong Kong, each with its own philosophy, techniques, and training methods. Many people enjoy the slow movements, emphasising on the relaxation, balance and mindfulness.

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In 214 BC, the Qin Dynasty pacified Baiyue and established Nanhai, Guilin and Xiangjun prefectures. The Hong Kong territory was under the jurisdiction of Panyu County, Nanhai Prefecture, and officially became a part of China.