# data[].attributes.headline
1. The Building of the Versailles- 1661 to 1780-ish

# data[].attributes.subject
1. The Building of the Versailles- 1661 to 1780-ish

# data[].attributes.body
The whole reason I decided to add this was because this was the BIG event that pretty much marked the start of the french revolution. Many people were so upset with the fact that their leaders had spent so much money on so many unnecessary add-ons to this building like the opera house.

# data[].attributes.headline
2. The Meeting of The Estates - May 5th, 1789

# data[].attributes.subject
2. The Meeting of The Estates - May 5th, 1789

# data[].attributes.body
I chose this to add to my timeline because the 3rd estate was infuriated by the choice made ( they would get 2 the amount of delegates that they had, but wouldn't change the voting rule from 1 vote for the whole group to everyone getting their own vote) so they would always be out ruled by the upper estates, 2 outweighs 1. Another thing I would like to add on is that because of this decision, the 3rd estate was given all of the taxes to help pay off the countries debts, while the 1st and 2nd had to pay little to nothing.

# data[].attributes.body
The tennis court oath was the act of the rest of the 3rd party ( the people not representing in the meeting of estate generals) all met up in a tennis court built for the palace of Versailles.

# data[].attributes.headline
4. The Storming of the Bastille- July 14th, 1789

# data[].attributes.subject
4. The Storming of the Bastille- July 14th, 1789

# data[].attributes.body
The decision of me adding this was simple because it was the day when hundreds stormed the state prison and stole 250 barrels worth of gunpowder and released many of the prisoners. it was a huge result from everyone being so aggravated by the social, economic and political crises happening at that moment.

# data[].attributes.headline
5. The Great Fear- June to August of 1789

# data[].attributes.subject
5. The Great Fear- June to August of 1789

# data[].attributes.body
This was an insanely wild time period where the peasants were rebelling towards their landlords/landowners and physically attacking them. The townspeople were also attacking manioral courts and noble manors. The point of this attack was to " starve or burn out the population"

# data[].attributes.headline
6.the Declaration of the rights of the Man and of the Citizen- August of 1789

# data[].attributes.subject
6.the Declaration of the rights of the Man and of the Citizen- August of 1789

# data[].attributes.body
This was a huge even because the citizens were finally granted legal equality, freedom of religion, different judicial rights, and "liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression". Many people loved the idea of this with hopes of ending the monarchy and establishing a democracy in France.

# data[].attributes.headline
7. The Women's Bread March of Versailles- October 5th, 1789

# data[].attributes.subject
7. The Women's Bread March of Versailles- October 5th, 1789

# data[].attributes.body
The Women's Bread March of Versailles was a huge riot all cuased by the rising prices of bread. Because of this, 6-7 thousand people gathered around the city hall but later on their attention focused on Versailles. Many of the Guardsmen were persuaded to attend this march even while on duty so the protest consisted of about 15000 guardsmen and 7000 citizens. The goal of this riot was to achieve the assurance of bread becoming plentiful and cheap once again.

# data[].attributes.headline
8. The Civil Constitution of the Clergy- July 12th, 1790

# data[].attributes.subject
8. The Civil Constitution of the Clergy- July 12th, 1790

# data[].attributes.body
In France, the government had decided to take ownership and reorganize the Catholic church in France, they actually made a law stating that the state owns all churches around. They had to take ownership in order to help with France's financial state and to limit the church's political influence and the corruption and abuses in the church. This angered many Catholics, and caused a split within the French Church and made many dedicated Catholics turn against the idea of the Revolution.

# data[].attributes.headline
9. The Royal family flees paris and gets caught- July 20 and 21, 1791

# data[].attributes.subject
9. The Royal family flees paris and gets caught- July 20 and 21, 1791

# data[].attributes.body
The royal family had attempted to escape from France, but it was unsuccessful and they were caught and arrested in the town of Varennes which was only 31 miles from their destination. The reason they tried to escape was because they were servery dissatisfied with the direction the revolution was heading in. (particularly the attacks on the churches)

# data[].attributes.headline
10. The Storming of the Tuileries- August 10th, 1792

# data[].attributes.subject
10. The Storming of the Tuileries- August 10th, 1792

# data[].attributes.body
often referred to as the "second revolution", the Tuileries were the area in Versailles where the royal family lived. Louis and the family had decided their safest option would be to flee to the Legislative assembly building and leave the Swiss Guard to defend the palace but eventually, they were overrun after running out of ammunition. ~800 people on the kings side were murdered and the power of Paris was left in the hands of the revolutionaries. The royal family were sent off to the temple prison after this.

# data[].attributes.headline
11. The Rise of the Jacobin- 1791 to 1792

# data[].attributes.subject
11. The Rise of the Jacobin- 1791 to 1792

# data[].attributes.body
The Jacobin were a huge group of people specifically dedicated to the Rights of Man but specifically the part where it states " Preservation of the natural rights of liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression."

This club contains ~half a million people. Whenever they did protest something, they made sure to make it clear they wanted what they thought was right because they were extremely violence and very adamant on what their opinions were. They eventually led up to the French deciding to change from a monarchy to a republic.

# data[].attributes.headline
12. The French Republic established- September 21st, 1792

# data[].attributes.subject
12. The French Republic established- September 21st, 1792

# data[].attributes.body
After the Storming of the Tuileries and a ton of other attacks, the French decided the best choice would be to switch from a Monarchy to a Republic and officially take away all of the kings political powers, which of course angered the king and the royals very much. Another highly important event I should of added in was also the execution of Louis XVI because he would not give up her royal power to the Revolutionary government and he was decapitated in front of everyone. (January 21st, 1793)

# data[].attributes.headline
13. The Reign of Terror- September 5th, 1793 to July 27th 1794

# data[].attributes.subject
13. The Reign of Terror- September 5th, 1793 to July 27th 1794

# data[].attributes.body
The Reign of Terror was caused by the spike in food prices and the scarcity of food which led to the overthrow of the Gridirons. During this terror, a ton of laws were passed to try and protect the French Revolution. Counterrevolutionaries were arrested and sentenced, leading to about 300,000 people being arrested, 17,000 being executed, and ~23,000 of them being killed without a trial or they died in prison. The Reign of Terror was ended by the arrested and executions of Maximilien Robespierre and many of his supporters.

# data[].attributes.headline
14. Marie Antoinette is Executed- october 16th, 1793

# data[].attributes.subject
14. Marie Antoinette is Executed- october 16th, 1793

# data[].attributes.body
Miss Marie Antoinette was beheading in front of a huge crowd, the crown was so huge because so many people hated her because she was very greedy and wasted money. before her execution she spent many days in jail. Her execution had happened from multiple charges brought against her were the depletion of the national treasury, conspiracy against the security of the state and high treason. She was executed around 12:15pm on this date.,

# data[].attributes.headline
15. Napoleon becomes consul- November 9th, 1799

# data[].attributes.subject
15. Napoleon becomes consul- November 9th, 1799

# data[].attributes.body
After napoleon was a military general and many really liked the way he thought plans. He had led most of the important battles, so automatically most soldiers adored him and had wanted him to continue leading them but in a different way, like a ruler. he had bypassed the government and with the support of his army, he collaborated in a coup d'etat in order to overthrow the directory and establish the consulate. He was the first ever Consul France had and he now had total power over pretty much everything in France.

# data[].attributes.body
I decided to use Google translate to help me translate what the little symbol I put in for Jacobin had stated( I have zero clue if it is accurate or not) and also attempted to quickly sketch out the symbol.

# data[].attributes.body
This video helps me further understand why and how Marie Antoinette was executed.

# data[].attributes.headline
18. the French Rev as a whole ( website)

# data[].attributes.subject
18. the French Rev as a whole ( website)

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.history.com/topics/european-history/french-revolution

This is where I gained most of my information on dates and finding most events.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Causes of the French Revolution

As the 18th century drew to a close, France's costly involvement in the American Revolution, combined with extravagant spending by King Louis XVI, had left France on the brink of bankruptcy.

Not only were the royal coffers depleted, but several years of poor harvests, drought, cattle disease and skyrocketing bread prices had kindled unrest among peasants and the urban poor. Many expressed their desperation and resentment toward a regime that imposed heavy taxes-yet failed to provide any relief-by rioting, looting and striking.

In the fall of 1786, Louis XVI's controller general, Charles Alexandre de Calonne, proposed a financial reform package that included a universal land tax from which the aristocratic classes would no longer be exempt.

Estates General

To garner support for these measures and forestall a growing aristocratic revolt, the king summoned the Estates General ( les états généraux) - an assembly representing France's clergy, nobility and middle class - for the first time since 1614.

The meeting was scheduled for May 5, 1789; in the meantime, delegates of the three estates from each locality would compile lists of grievances ( cahiers de doléances) to present to the king.

Rise of the Third Estate

France's population, of course, had changed considerably since 1614. The non-aristocratic, middle-class members of the Third Estate now represented 98 percent of the people but could still be outvoted by the other two bodies.

In the lead-up to the May 5 meeting, the Third Estate began to mobilize support for equal representation and the abolishment of the noble veto-in other words, they wanted voting by head and not by status.

While all of the orders shared a common desire for fiscal and judicial reform as well as a more representative form of government, the nobles in particular were loath to give up the privileges they had long enjoyed under the traditional system.

Tennis Court Oath

By the time the Estates General convened at Versailles, the highly public debate over its voting process had erupted into open hostility between the three orders, eclipsing the original purpose of the meeting and the authority of the man who had convened it - the king himself.

On June 17, with talks over procedure stalled, the Third Estate met alone and formally adopted the title of National Assembly; three days later, they met in a nearby indoor tennis court and took the so-called Tennis Court Oath (serment du jeu de paume), vowing not to disperse until constitutional reform had been achieved.

Within a week, most of the clerical deputies and 47 liberal nobles had joined them, and on June 27 Louis XVI grudgingly absorbed all three orders into the new National Assembly.

The Bastille

On June 12, as the National Assembly (known as the National Constituent Assembly during its work on a constitution) continued to meet at Versailles, fear and violence consumed the capital.

Though enthusiastic about the recent breakdown of royal power, Parisians grew panicked as rumors of an impending military coup began to circulate. A popular insurgency culminated on July 14 when rioters stormed the Bastille fortress in an attempt to secure gunpowder and weapons; many consider this event, now commemorated in France as a national holiday, as the start of the French Revolution.

The wave of revolutionary fervor and widespread hysteria quickly swept the entire country. Revolting against years of exploitation, peasants looted and burned the homes of tax collectors, landlords and the aristocratic elite.

Known as the Great Fear ( la Grande peur), the agrarian insurrection hastened the growing exodus of nobles from France and inspired the National Constituent Assembly to abolish feudalism on August 4, 1789, signing what historian Georges Lefebvre later called the "death certificate of the old order."

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

IIn late August, the Assembly adopted the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen ( Déclaration des droits de l'homme et du citoyen), a statement of democratic principles grounded in the philosophical and political ideas of Enlightenment thinkers like Jean-Jacques Rousseau.

The document proclaimed the Assembly's commitment to replace the ancien régime with a system based on equal opportunity, freedom of speech, popular sovereignty and representative government.

Drafting a formal constitution proved much more of a challenge for the National Constituent Assembly, which had the added burden of functioning as a legislature during harsh economic times.

For months, its members wrestled with fundamental questions about the shape and expanse of France's new political landscape. For instance, who would be responsible for electing delegates? Would the clergy owe allegiance to the Roman Catholic Church or the French government? Perhaps most importantly, how much authority would the king, his public image further weakened after a failed attempt to flee the country in June 1791, retain?

Adopted on September 3, 1791, France's first written constitution echoed the more moderate voices in the Assembly, establishing a constitutional monarchy in which the king enjoyed royal veto power and the ability to appoint ministers. This compromise did not sit well with influential radicals like Maximilien de Robespierre, Camille Desmoulins and Georges Danton, who began drumming up popular support for a more republican form of government and for the trial of Louis XVI.

French Revolution Turns Radical

In April 1792, the newly elected Legislative Assembly declared war on Austria and Prussia, where it believed that French émigrés were building counterrevolutionary alliances; it also hoped to spread its revolutionary ideals across Europe through warfare.

On the domestic front, meanwhile, the political crisis took a radical turn when a group of insurgents led by the extremist Jacobins attacked the royal residence in Paris and arrested the king on August 10, 1792.

The following month, amid a wave of violence in which Parisian insurrectionists massacred hundreds of accused counterrevolutionaries, the Legislative Assembly was replaced by the National Convention, which proclaimed the abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of the French republic.

On January 21, 1793, it sent King Louis XVI, condemned to death for high treason and crimes against the state, to the guillotine; his wife Marie-Antoinette suffered the same fate nine months later.

Reign of Terror

Following the king's execution, war with various European powers and intense divisions within the National Convention brought the French Revolution to its most violent and turbulent phase.

In June 1793, the Jacobins seized control of the National Convention from the more moderate Girondins and instituted a series of radical measures, including the establishment of a new calendar and the eradication of Christianity.

They also unleashed the bloody Reign of Terror (la Terreur), a 10-month period in which suspected enemies of the revolution were guillotined by the thousands. Many of the killings were carried out under orders from Robespierre, who dominated the draconian Committee of Public Safety until his own execution on July 28, 1794.

Did you know? Over 17,000 people were officially tried and executed during the Reign of Terror, and an unknown number of others died in prison or without trial.

Thermidorian Reaction

The death of Robespierre marked the beginning of the Thermidorian Reaction, a moderate phase in which the French people revolted against the Reign of Terror's excesses.

On August 22, 1795, the National Convention, composed largely of Girondins who had survived the Reign of Terror, approved a new constitution that created France's first bicameral legislature.

Executive power would lie in the hands of a five-member Directory ( Directoire) appointed by parliament. Royalists and Jacobins protested the new regime but were swiftly silenced by the army, now led by a young and successful general named Napoleon Bonaparte.

French Revolution Ends: Napoleon's Rise

The Directory's four years in power were riddled with financial crises, popular discontent, inefficiency and, above all, political corruption. By the late 1790s, the directors relied almost entirely on the military to maintain their authority and had ceded much of their power to the generals in the field.

On November 9, 1799, as frustration with their leadership reached a fever pitch, Napoleon Bonaparte staged a coup d'état, abolishing the Directory and appointing himself France's " first consul." The event marked the end of the French Revolution and the beginning of the Napoleonic era, during which France would come to dominate much of continental Europe.

Photo Gallery

Sources

French Revolution. The National Archives (U.K.)
The United States and the French Revolution, 1789-1799. Office of the Historian. U.S. Department of State.
Versailles, from the French Revolution to the Interwar Period. Chateau de Versailles.
French Revolution. Monticello.org.
Individuals, institutions, and innovation in the debates of the French Revolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
French Revolution: Timeline, Causes & Dates | HISTORY

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The French Revolution began in 1789. Soon, the Bastille was stormed and the monarchy eliminated. After the Reign of Terror, France established a new government.