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Reference-

Bergek, A., Hekkert, M., Jacobsson, S., Markard, J., & Sandén, B. (2008a). Technological innovation systems in contexts: Conceptualizing contextual structures and interaction dynamics. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions.

Review-

This paper plays a significant role to theoretical achievement in understanding technology legitimacy and the broader organizational process shaping technological innovation systems. Through a comprehensive investigation, the authors propose a framework that not only explain the difficulty of legitimacy dynamics but also offers a roadmap for make sense of the intricate interconnection between technology, institutions, and social perceptions.

Examining the case of agricultural biogas in Germany, the authors offer crucial insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers seeking to understand the complex dynamics of technology legitimacy in Modern culture. The paper's rigorous methodology, thoughtful examination and clear Conceptual framework make it a Valuable extension to the Academic publications in this field.

The Suggested framework by the authors comprises five key components: the technological innovation system (TIS), its contextual environment, institutional alignment and misalignment, technology legitimacy, and legitimacy dynamics.

Principal to this framework is the assessment of Interactions between technology-specific organizational frameworks and broader contextual 0rganizations. The coordination between these structures regulates the level of technology legitimacy, which can be Impacted by various processes such as technology adaptation, Organizational transformation, and framing.

The authors skillfully emphasize the importance of institutional integrity within TIS, akin to shared comprehension and interactions within institutional fields, which eventually impact the development and recognition of technologies. In addition, the paper emphasizes the importance of taking into account surrounding condition, such as societal values and governing regulations, in understanding TIS dynamics.

A key capability of the paper lies in its clear communication of technology legitimacy, clearly specified as the agreement or inconsistency of a focal technology with organizational structures in its context. By describing awareness technology along cognitive, normative, and legal perspectives. The paper gives a comprehensive awareness of how technologies are understood and approved within wider social frameworks.

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Reference-

(Daim et al., 2006; Dotsika and Watkins, 2017; Jaewoo and Woonsun, 2014; Kajikawa et al., 2008; Kostoff and Schaller, 2001; Rezaeian et al., 2017; Tsai, 2012) and patents (Chen et al., 2017; Golembiewski et al., 2015; Noh et al., 2016; Yoon and Kim, 2012)

Review -

This article gives a detailed assessment of the appearance and improvement of new innovative technologies, focusing the significance of recognizing future development for systematic planning in research and development. It introduces a structure for detecting and forecasting these trends by integrating scientific papers and copyright as data resources. The structure engages topics-based text mining and expert understanding strategies to study scientific proficiency and evidence, identify technology transformation routes, and prediction future progress patterns.

The directions of combining narrative and statistical techniques in TRM, citing multiple examples where this hybrid technique has been implemented. By integrating both techniques, scientists’ goal to reduce the shortage knowledge and upgrade tactical choice-making systems. The hybrid TRM technique is recognized as a common pattern in Science, Technology &innovation research, indicating its increasing value in this field.

Some researchers have compact information from investigative papers and copyrights to recognize innovation progress, few have mixed text mining with experienced assessment to prediction technology patterns and bridge the distance between science and technology. Therefore, the review suggests a novel strategy that applies scientific papers and patents as data references and combines topics-based text mining with experienced assessment to study the evolution path of technology and predict future patterns.

The technique shows a detailed system to studying and awareness the transformation of perovskite solar cell innovation through a mixture of data restoration, preparing, clustering, hierarchical structuring, mapping, and pattern prediction.

Applying reliable data systems like Web of Science and Derwent Innovations Index to gather technological papers and patents associated to perovskite solar cell innovation guarantee a robust dataset for discus. Separating the data by year and eliminating noise confirms that the consequent study is based on clean and related information, improving the reliability of the outcomes.

The use of the Lingo algorithm, along with different initial processing methods like lexical analysis and stemming, promotes the verification of separate innovation topics from analytical papers and copyrights. The four exact tasks engage in this step ensure a logical strategy to clustering, containing phrase separation, cluster-label installation, and cluster-content allotment.

Including domain specialists in assessment collecting outcomes and creating an organized format founded on their knowledge adds reliability to the study. The illustration tool used to improve relationship among topics improves the transparency and realization of the hierarchical design.

A case study on perovskite solar cell innovation illustrates the performance and reliability of the proposed structure. By studying the distance between analytical papers and copyright, the study shows important understanding into the innovation's improvement and future patterns. The study recognizes three main technology trends- improvements in materials, structural changes, and fabrication methods relevant to perovskite solar cell innovation.

One of the key contributions of the paper is its technique to realization innovation improvement patterns by studying variations between analytical investigation and copyright implementation.

However, there are remarkable restriction that support awareness. First of all, the unique practice of the Lingo algorithm for text mining collecting might limit the performance and reliability of outcomes. Future investigation could study applying clustering algorithms based on semantic evaluation for improved results. Secondly, the noted time lag between the visibility of innovation topics in research papers and copyright highlights the necessity for further study and awareness of this circumstances to improve innovation pattern prediction. Moreover, the methodology's confidence on the connection between science and innovation might limit its relevance to knowledge-detailed science innovation, increasing questions about its suitability for less knowledge-detailed domains.

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Article 01- Md Abdullah Al Mamun- 30123357

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Article 01- Md Abdullah Al Mamun- 30123357

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Reference: Tang, Y. M., Ng, G. W. Y., Chia, N. H., So, E. H. K., Wu, C. H., & Ip, W. H. (2021). Application of virtual reality (VR) technology for medical practitioners in type and screen (T&S) training. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 37, 359–369.

Link:  https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12494

Review:

The use of virtual reality (VR) technology in the education of medical practitioners for type and screen (T&S) procedures is explored in the article "Application of virtual reality (VR) technology for medical practitioners in type and screen (T&S) training," which was published in the Journal of Computer Assisted Learning (Vol. 37, pp. 359-369). The research, written by Tang YM, Ng GWY, Chia NH, So EHK, Wu CH, and Ip WH, offers useful details about how VR might improve medical education.

The authors start by outlining the growing significance of ambient technology in medical education and highlighting the necessity of creative teaching methods. Given how vital these duties are in medical facilities, it is especially essential to concentrate on print and screen approaches. Using virtual reality (VR) technology to model T&S scenarios is part of the research method. This gives physicians access to a realistic and useful training environment.

The article's focus on the useful applications of virtual reality in medical education is one of its standout features. The authors clearly illustrate how this technology might close the knowledge gap between theory and practice, increasing the general capacity of healthcare providers. The study show that individuals who underwent VR-based TandS training had improvements in their ability to acquire new skills and an increase in self-assurance.

The paper also adds to the larger conversation over the integration of technology in medical education. This is consistent with the current state of employing novel approaches to address the difficulties associated with educating healthcare professionals. The authors cover how VR applications in medicine may be adjusted and emphasize how this technology can be used for a range of medical treatments that go beyond T&S.

It is important to understand the study's limitations, including the necessity for additional investigation into the enduring efficacy of virtual reality instruction and the possible obstacles associated with its wide use. When showing the inclusion of VR in larger medical education initiatives, cost, accessibility, and technological infrastructure are also critical factors to take into account.

The Journal of Computer-Assisted Learning article ends by providing thorough details of the use of virtual reality (VR) technology in medical education for type and demonstration operations. While the research acknowledges its value, it also creates questions regarding the difficulties and practical difficulties of incorporating virtual reality (VR) into general medical education. For educators, clinicians, and policymakers looking for creative ways to enhance medical professional education, the findings are significant.

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Artical-3 Nano Technology Muhammad Nafis Kalam  ID- 30116666

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Artical-3 Nano Technology Muhammad Nafis Kalam  ID- 30116666

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Harvard Reference-

Athinarayanan, J., Periasamy, V. S., Alsaif, M. A., Al-Warthan, A. A., and Alshatwi, A. A. (2014). Presence of nanosilica (E551) in commercial food products: TNF-mediated oxidative stress and altered cell cycle progression in human lung fibroblast cells. Cell Biol. Toxicol. 30, 89–100. doi: 10.1007/s10565-014- 9271-8 Bouwmeester, H., Dekkers, S., Noordam, M. Y., Hagens, W. I., Bulder, A. S., Heer, C., et al. (2009). Review of health safety aspects of nanotechnologies in food production. Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 53, 52–62. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2008. 10.008 Bradley, E. L., Castle, L., and Chaudhry, Q. (2011). Applications of nanomaterials in food packaging with a consideration of opportunities for developing countries. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 22, 603–610. doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2011.01.002

Review-

The article shows the important implication of nanotechnology on the food sector, emphasizing its innovative possibility and varied implementation. Nanotechnology, working on a scale of 1 to 100 nanometers, simplifies the development of elements with unusual features, different from their macroscale equivalents. The increased top layer-to-volume proportion and novel biophysical features of nanomaterials support extraordinary control and monitoring at the nanoscale.

Among the best powerful features of nanotechnology in food science is its capability to manage consumer worries about food quality and health. By improving food quality while sustaining balanced value, nanotechnology provides optimistic solutions. The increasing need for nanoparticle-based elements in the food industry stems from their crucial materials structure, non-toxic nature, and durability under excessive situation.

The improvement of nanostructured food elements marks an important improvement in food innovation, assuring developments in flavor, quality, reliability, and shelf life while decreasing food wastage due to microbial spoilage. Nanotechnology has implemented creative delivery method, such as nanocarriers, which efficiently transport food supplements without changing the food's basic features.

The special benefits of nanotechnology in food are its capability to accurately transport bioactive combinations to focused areas within the body, improving absorption and capability. This is especially essential as submicron nanoparticles have illustrated superior absorption rates measured to bigger micro-particles in certain cell lines. Perfect transfer method should secure accurate transport, regulated release, and long-term durability of active combinations, all which nanotechnology can fulfill via protection, mixtures, biopolymer matrices, and organization solutions.

Additionally, nano polymers are composed to steady conventional elements in food packaging, offering advanced obstacle attributes and preservation capacities. Nano sensors also play an important role in food security, identifying pollutants and microorganisms successfully.

The significant role of nanotechnology in improving food standard and flavor via different possesses such as nanoencapsulation and nano emulsions. The implementation of nanoencapsulation, as illustrated by Zhang et al. (2014), presents an optimistic technique to develop the durability and bioavailability of bioactive substances like anthocyanins and rutin. By encapsulating these substances within nanocarriers such as ferritin nanocages, their solubility, thermal durability, and UV radiation stability can be improved, thereby developing their applications in the food industry.

The review also highlights the benefits of nanoparticles over larger particles in terms of bioavailability, owing to their subcellular size. Metallic oxides like titanium dioxide and silicon dioxide are frequently used in food items for color or flow improvement, and when engineered into nanomaterials, they serve as efficient carriers for aromas or taste in food products.

The challenges connected with delivering bioactive elements, such as lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and vitamins, in food products due to their awareness to acidic environments and enzyme action in the stomach and duodenum. Encapsulation methods are emphasized as a solution to protect these substances and improve their integration in food products.

The use of nanoparticles-based eatable capsules is displayed as an optimistic method to develop the delivery of medicines, vitamins, and fragile micronutrients in regular foods, thereby offering important health benefits. Different encapsulation methods, including nanocomposite formation, nano-emulsification, and nano-structuration, are examined for their efficiency in encapsulating bioactive elements in miniature forms to facilitate focused distribution of nutrients like proteins and antioxidants.

Polymeric nanoparticles are recognized as appropriate transporters for encapsulating bioactive complexes such as flavonoids and vitamins, supplying safety during transit and securing focused transport for exact health benefits.

Food packaging shows a significant improvement over traditional packaging techniques, offering a range of advantages that improve both the safety and standard of packaged food products. This innovative technique combines nanotechnology into packaging elements to create a new generation of packaging solutions with advanced features.

The benefits of nano-based packaging are its ability to supply better mechanical strength, barrier features, and antimicrobial functionality contrasted to conventional packaging elements. By integrating nanocomposites, these packaging elements can successfully prevent the permeation of gases and moisture while sustaining robust structural integrity. This is crucial for maintaining the freshness and shelf-life of food products, thereby reducing waste and improving consumer fulfillment.

The benefits and prospect threats connected with the use of nanotechnology in the food industry, especially focusing on security problems relevant to nanomaterials. The authors highlight the need for rigorous analysis of the safety of nanomaterials, despite their macro counterparts being commonly considered as safe.

The unique physiochemical properties of nanomaterials and their possibility to transfer from packaging into food, raising issues about their effect on consumer health. The authors point out that even substances deemed safe in their macro form may pose risks at the nanoscale due to altered properties.

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Reference:

Jiang, H., Siponen, M. T., & Tsohou, A. (2021). Personal use of technology at work: a literature review and a theoretical model for understanding how it affects employee job performance. European Journal of Information Systems, 32(2), 331–345. https://doi.org/10.1080/0960085x.2021.1963193

Review:

This article presents a writing audit of 137 considers on individual utilization of innovation at work (PUTW), which alludes to workers utilizing organizational or individual data innovation for non-work purposes amid work hours. The survey distinguished three primary points inspected in past investigate:

PUTW results, predecessors, and approaches. Ponders proposed both negative and positive viewpoints on the impact of PUTW on worker work execution. Negative points of view contend that PUTW diminishes execution by decreasing profitable work time. Positive points of view recommended PUTW may increment execution by encouraging mental recuperation and work-life adjustment. In any case, past inquiries did not talk about the conditions beneath which PUTW might increment or diminish performance.To address this hole, the creators create a hypothetical show clarifying one potential component through which PUTW influences work execution - official consideration. Official consideration alludes to the capacity to center on errands whereas blocking out diversions. Consumption of official consideration assets can hurt execution. The creators contend that whether PUTW replenishes or depletes these assets depends on four behavioral measurements:

cognitive stack, excitement level, timing, and frequency/duration. PUTW exercises with moo cognitive stack, such as browsing, are more likely to renew consideration by giving mental breaks from serious work. High-load exercises like shopping may drain consideration. Between-task PUTW permits rebuilding, but within-task PUTW hinders the center. Direct frequency/duration equalizations reclamation against costs of as often as possible exchanging errands. The interaction of measurements decides PUT W's by and large impact.Understanding these unexpected components gives direction for when the past thinks about ought to embrace positive or negative viewpoints on forerunners and arrangements. Discouragement approaches like checking suit maladaptive PUTW, but may be improper for controlling versatile PUTW likely to help execution. The demonstration propels hypothesis on PUTW and offers a system for observationally looking at its different impacts.

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Reference:

Yang, C. (2022). How Artificial Intelligence Technology Affects Productivity and Employment: Firm-level Evidence from Taiwan. Research Policy, 51(6), 104536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2022.104536

Review:

Whereas manufactured insights (AI) has huge potential to affect firm productivity and work, there's still a need for observational proof at the firm-level on how AI is influencing results. This considers points to assist fill that crevice by analyzing information on Taiwan's hardware firms and their selection of AI advances. The analysts utilize a watchword coordinating approach to distinguish obvious filings related to AI from the US Obvious and Trademark Office database. This permits them to more absolutely track AI-related developments compared to as it were looking at constrained obvious classes. They at that point look at the impacts of AI licenses on firm efficiency, business levels, and workforce composition between 2010-2017. Their investigation contributes to understanding both the financial impacts of AI as well as tending to the "efficiency catch 22" where modern innovations do not continuously quickly boost efficiency. Whereas AI has capabilities that might mechanize numerous employments, its impacts will likely depend on how assignments are reallocated between labor and capital. There are theories that AI seems to both devastate a few parts but make unused ones at the moon and tall closes of aptitude levels.The ponder moreover compares the impacts of AI licenses to non-AI developments, recognizing that continuous mechanical progressions over businesses will proceed driving changes. Past investigation on developments has shown mixed comes about, with item developments often creating occupations but preparing advancements ordinarily supplanting labor. Separating between encapsulated and immaterial changes is additionally important as their business impacts differ.In terms of efficiency, AI has the potential to improve proficiency by robotizing unsurprising forms, expanding human decision-making through machine learning calculations, and decreasing blunders. Be that as it may, firms may involve slacks altering to modern innovations as they require organizational changes, complementary developments, and overcoming issues like need of information or workforce resistance. The greatness of AI speculation must too legitimately fit existing operations.By giving novel firm-level proof, this investigation points to advice policymakers looking for to get its AI's impacts and address potential labor advertise disturbances. By and large, the impacts of AI selection show up complexly, shifting based on how employment and assignments are changed inside companies. Proceeded examination is still required to track both the guaranteed picks up and challenges of progressed AI innovations.

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Reference- Yu, B., et al. (2019) 'The Transverse Ultrasonogram of Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma Has a Better Prediction Accuracy Than the Longitudinal One,' IEEE Access, 7, pp. 100763-100770. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2926377

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Article 02- Md Abdullah Al Mamun  ID-30123357

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Article 02- Md Abdullah Al Mamun  ID-30123357

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Link- https://ieeexplore-ieee-org.ergo.southwales.ac.uk/document/8753680

Review: The article named "The Transverse Ultrasonogram of Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma Has a Better Prediction Accuracy Than the Longitudinal One" by B. Yu et al. published in IEEE Access in 2019 addresses a critical aspect of medical imaging and diagnostics, specifically focusing on thyroid papillary carcinoma. The significant of this research lies in it exploration of different ultrasonographic views and their impact on prediction accuracy.

The decision to take on this job was motivated by the growing significance of timely and precise detection of thyroid cancer, particularly in light of the rising incidence of thyroid conditions worldwide. The most prevalent kind of thyroid cancer is thyroid papillary carcinoma, for which prompt intervention and treatment are key.

A very important point made in the paper is the preference for across ultrasonography over longitudinal ultrasonography. The along view, according to the researchers, provides better analytical accuracy than the longitudinal view. Comprehending the rationale for this inclination becomes vital for healthcare professionals and investigators engaged in thyroid cancer detection.

The standing of IEEE Access as a well known journal in the domains of electrical engineering, computer science, and biomedical engineering also played a role in the choice to investigate this particular writing. The rigorous peer-review procedure used by the IEEE platform is well known for guaranteeing the calibre and dependability of published research.

Furthermore, the incorporation of calculable measures, such as prediction accuracy, adds a level of objectivity to the study. This brings into line with the increasing emphasis on evidence-based medicine and data-driven decision-making in the healthcare domain.

The selected task gets temporal value due to the  year of 2019. Given how quickly medical research and technology are developing, it's critical to take recent developments into account. The real-world implications of the study's findings may extend to physicians, radiologists, and researchers who aim to improve the accuracy of thyroid papillary cancer diagnosis by ultrasound imaging.

In conclusion, the decision to focus on B. Yu et al.'s paper in IEEE Access is obsessed by its relevance to the demanding issue of thyroid papillary carcinoma diagnosis, the reputation of the publishing platform, the incorporation of quantitative measures, and the temporal significance of the research in the context of recent advancements in medical imaging. This assignment offers an opportunity to investigate a cutting-edge area of medical research with implications for improving patient outcomes and healthcare practices.

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Article - 1  ADITHYAN PURAKKAD SUJI      ID-30118857                                                 

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Article - 1  ADITHYAN PURAKKAD SUJI      ID-30118857                                                 

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Reference: World Bank Group (2019). The Future of Food: Shaping the Food System to Deliver

Jobs. [online] World Bank. Available at:

https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/agriculture/publication/the-future-of-food-shaping-the-food-system-to-deliver-jobs

Article Review:

I chose this article because it drew my attention for a very detailed description of the role of the

food system as an important creator of jobs, the challenge in developing countries in particular.

Through this comprehensive approach, the food value chain is completely outlined because this

includes the phases of production, storage, processing, distribution, retailing, service provision and

also all the necessary linked-services. The article therefore diligently puts the role of the

technology integration across the production, management, marketing, and research for more

efficiency is abundantly clear and it is obvious that automation and digitalization has to be at work.

The outlook lends the weight to the topic as it makes the future of the food workforce more urgent,

as it evaluates the subject based on worldwide perspectives on the labour markets in the food

production sector (World Bank Group, 2019).The article skillfully examines the industry trends as part of the technological disruption in

employment in the food science sector. It highlights the point that innovation in the technology is

a key element of the adaptive strategies in various cases of weakening or strengthening revenues

of grain producers and also alteration of consumer dietary habits. Also there is the recognition of

a dynamic youth population by 2030 in the low and middle income countries which ideally

advocates strategically focused programs within the provision of access to the needed employable

skills. Through the article, the author shows us something pretty exciting saying that gender

inclusiveness is the way to improve the employment generation capacity in the food system

emphazing the importance of equal opportunities for women in the training and the job market in

the food technology sector.

In conclusion, it is very hard to deny that the article provides the audible perspective of the article

on the changing conditions of the food systems employment with the help of the credible data and

experience-based approaches. Technology’s importance is highlighted in the fact that it is timely

to discuss the role of the technology in redesigning the workforce and also in filling the skills gap

and as well as addressing the gender imbalances (World Bank Group, 2019). The piece's

authenticity lies in the author's well-decided arguments and a correctly stated knowledge of the

international economic context.

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Over the next 15 years, about 1.6 billion people in low and middle income countries will reach working age. Creating jobs for a new generation of workers while sustaining and improving the quality of employment of the billions of people already working will be a significant challenge for all sectors.

The food system currently employs the majority of people in both self and wage employment in developing countries, and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future. Jobs in the food system extend beyond agricultural production and account for a large share of the global economy's manufacturing and services sectors. As per capita incomes increase and eating patterns shift, the demand for jobs in these off-farm segments of the food system - including processing, distribution, transportation, storage, retailing, preparation and restaurants -- will increase.

A new paper from the World Bank focuses on how the food system can deliver jobs and provides a framework for understanding the factors that determine the number and quality of jobs in the sector. The paper also highlights a set of actions that countries can adopt, adapt, and apply to their own circumstances to strengthen the food system's contribution to employment.
Main Messages:
* The food system employs the most people in many developing countries in both self and wage employment, and will continue to do so during the time period set to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, and thereafter. Self and wage employment in farming still generates a large share of rural incomes and can have large poverty-reducing effects.

* The food system extends beyond farm production to include activities along value chains, such as food processing, transportation, retailing, restaurants, and other services. In many countries, the off-farm aspect of the food system accounts for a large share of the economy's manufacturing and services sectors. While the employment share in farming tends to decline as per capita incomes rise, the share in food manufacturing and services tends to increase.

* Increasing the number and inclusiveness of jobs will require attention to food system growth, employment intensity, and inclusion of youth and women. Urbanization and per capita income growth offers significant new opportunities in non-cereal products and in new jobs in the food system beyond the farm. Inclusion of women and the growing number of youth into food system jobs can raise productivity and improve social harmony.

* Improving the quality of jobs in the food system requires attention to raising returns to labor, increasing stability in earnings, and improving working conditions.

* Priorities vary by country context. Different combinations of interventions will be needed in agriculture-dependent economies relative to transforming or urbanized economies; in lagging relative to leading regions; in land abundant relative to land scarce environments; whether "pull" or "push" factors are leading to movement of people out of farming in particular areas; and on the initial nature of skills deficits.

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The Future of Food: Shaping the Food System to Deliver Jobs

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A new report, the fourth in a series from the World Bank, provides a framework for strengthening the food system's contribution to jobs for a new generation of workers while improving the quality of employment of the billions of people already in the workforce.

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Article - 2  ADITHYAN PURAKKAD SUJI     ID - 30118857

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Article - 2  ADITHYAN PURAKKAD SUJI     ID - 30118857

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Reference: Martin, N. (2022). How Technology Is Transforming The Food Industry. Forbes.

[online] 12 Oct. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicolemartin1/2019/04/29/how-technology-is-transforming-the-food-industry/?sh=3dadfa6420a3

Article Review:

Based on this article I made my choice because it is an informative and informing summary of the

areas where the technology is most powerful and the concepts of industries it impacts the work

and employment contexts in the food industry. The author of the paper explains the automation,

3D printing and also drones adoption and the reasoning's why these technologies are used in the

food industry. The article gives validity to its views by using relevant facts, because they give an

example on how robots are used in 30,000 factories in the food industry of Europe, and also

mention how the “3D printing technology has enabled the production of the customized and

nutritiously balanced foods” (Martin, 2022).The usefulness and credibility of the information is thus seen in the fact that the author in addition

to such a fact as the greater global population he also admits the need of a highly technologized

food industry in order to take care of the growing demand for food volume. The authenticity of the

article is asserted and also confirmed by providing the concrete data assessment which is clearly

associated with the job injuries amount reduction because of the automation as one of the factors.

The article has an observable purpose, being an advocate of the technology’s application on the

farming, food handling and its response to issues such as the importance of the precision farming

and also environmental concerns in packaging.

In summary, the article has a very good story telling concerning the technological developments

in the food technology, with the incorporation of advantages and also applications of automated

machines, 3D printing and drones. It is not only a good solution of the "what" problem but a very

method of the "why" investigation by including aspects of growing population, human safety, and

also climate change issues (Martin, 2022). This study has the same tendency towards my many

conversations from the workshop on biasb and also misconceptions, since the author has used wellpresented and easy to understand information with clear credibility, relevance, accuracy, and

intention.

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When it comes to food, tech isn't always the first thing that comes to mind. However, technology over the years has changed how we produce and find our food through applications, robotics, data and processing techniques.

According to a recent report from ING, technology helps food manufacturers produce more efficiently for a growing world population. There are 7.5 billion people in the world right now and that means a higher demand for food each year. By using tech to improve processing and packaging, it can improve the shelf life and safety of food.
Robotics and Machines
The use of machines in the food industry also ensures quality and affordability. By using machines, it drives down the costs of keeping the food fresh and increases productivity. According to the report, "The rise of robotics in the food industry is a tangible example of food tech. The number of robots in the European food industry is well over 30,000, while the number of robots per 10,000 employees rose from 62 in 2013 to 84 in 2017. Although Germany is the largest market, robot density is relatively highest in Sweden, Denmark, the Netherlands and Italy."

Robotic machines can help to eliminate safety issues for the more dangerous jobs in the food industry. In 2016, a tech company rolled out a program for butchery. By using robots to cut the more difficult of the meats, they can save many work injuries. This is just one of the many ways technology can improve the industry.
3D Printing
In the past few years, 3D printing has really taken off across many industries and the food industry is one of them. There have been several applications of 3D printing food from NASA printing a pizza to creating soft foods for those who cannot chew hard food to consume. It opens the door for innovation being able to create many things that we were unable to before while also being able to help with food sustainability. There are many ways 3D printing is shaking up the industry.
Drones
Precision agriculture is a major player when it comes to how technology can make a difference. It is the use of GPS tracking systems and satellite imagery to monitor crop yields, soil levels, and weather patterns to increase efficiency on the farm. Not only can they see all that is happening across the fields, but they can also use analysis from the findings to test the soil and the health of the crops. A major way they are doing this is through the use of drones. These drones can locate and identify diseased or damaged crops and tend to them immediately. The use of these robots does not eliminate the need for food workers but helps them be more efficient with their work. With strict product requirements at large volumes and demand for lower pricing, the robotic elements help create a faster environment to produce more goods than regular labor.
Packaging and Waste
One of the biggest concerns for consumers right now is having healthy and sustainable goods. Consumers pay attention to labels and harmful ingredients, especially with social media, there is not much that companies can get away with anymore. Many companies use technology to help them "go green." By using robotics and digitizing, companies in the food industry are able to find alternatives to plastics and other harmful packaging to the environment.

There are many different ways we are using technology in packaging now from edible packaging, micro packaging and even bacteria fighting packaging.

Consumers are also looking for where companies are sourcing their products and how they are handling their waste. Currently, 40% of America's food is thrown away each year. With the help of technology, there are strides being taken to reduce that number and utilize the extra food.

One app, Copia uses its extensive food waste reduction dashboard to connect businesses with surplus food to local shelters, after-school programs, and other nonprofit organizations. Copia's analytic software manages and tracks their surplus to save money and reduce their overall food waste.

With all these advancements in technology, there are so many different ways that it can really change how we produce food. Evolving technology could be the key to eliminating world hunger and solving our waste problem- we will just have to wait and see.

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How Technology Is Transforming The Food Industry

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When it comes to food, tech isn't always the first thing that comes to mind. However, technology over the years has changed how we produce and find our food through applications, robotics, data and processing techniques.

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Reference:

Hirvonen, J., Stenhammar, A. and Tuhkuri, J., 2022. New evidence on the effect of technology on employment and skill demand. Taloustieto Oy.https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4081625

Review:

Progressed fabricating advances have quickly created and spread over the past few decades. Modern machines such as CNC plants, robots, and 3D printers robotize and digitize generation forms. Whereas these advances guarantee efficiency picks up, numerous stresses will dispense with employment or require totally modern abilities that existing specialists need. Be that as it may, these impacts stay experimentally hazy. This analysis analyzes Finnish endowment program records from 1994 to 2018 connecting innovation selection to firm-level results to evaluate the labor advertised impacts. The program allowed endowments to a few firms for modern innovation ventures but rejected comparative applications based on restricted budgets. Comparing appropriation champs to rejected candidates confines the impacts of innovation appropriation, as the firms arranged comparable speculations. A key advancement is utilizing free-form content in application records to coordinate near champs and washouts, controlling for pre-existing contrasts through "penchant scores" assessed from the text.The comes about appear innovation endowments caused huge increments in apparatus venture but did not decrease work or alter aptitude requests. Particularly, business rose 23% on normal and commonplace measures of aptitude composition like instruction levels and occupation sorts were unaltered. Nitty gritty investigations of workforce instruction levels, cognitive aptitudes, identity characteristics, and assignment substance uncovered no unfavorable impacts. Hands on work affirmed the innovation overhauls expanded item assortment without changing generation forms or aptitudes. To clarify these discoveries, the creators create a system recognizing "prepare" innovations making strides existing operations from "item" developments empowering modern products. Whereas prepared changes may supplant laborers, item advancements extend yield and request for labor. The subsidized firms basically created unused customized items, not computerized existing workflows. In general, the review finds no proof advances fundamentally decrease occupations or aptitudes as frequently claimed; instep, developments can make modern yields and business. The challenge sees innovation continuously hurts less-skilled labor and show a nuanced interaction between innovation and work.

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Reference:

Vivarelli, M. (2013). Technology, Employment and Skills: an Interpretative framework. Eurasian Business Review, 3(1), 66–89. https://doi.org/10.14208/bf03353818

Review:

This article talks about the relationship between innovative work and work from a hypothetical viewpoint. It analyzes both the coordinate labor-saving effect of preparing advancements as well as the compensating impacts that can offset work misfortunes. The article diagrams how investigation and improvement leads to item advancements that tend to be labor-friendly by opening up modern markets and growing generation. In any case, prepared developments encapsulated in modern apparatus and hardware are for the most part labor-saving as they permit the same level of yield to be delivered with less laborers. This may lead to "mechanical unemployment" within the short-run.However, financial hypothesis has put forward a few showcase instruments that seem to possibly compensate for these initial work misfortunes. This incorporates modern employment being made within the capital products segments that create the new machines. It's moreover theorized that lower costs of generation from handling developments may well be passed on to shoppers through lower costs, fortifying extra requests and generation. Modern speculations impelled by gathered benefits from development display another potential recompense effect.While these emolument impacts point to reabsorb laborers over time, the article notes numerous reactions of these hypothetical showcase alteration components. Viable request issues, rigidities in calculating substitution, defective competition, cynical desires, and delays in emolument can all ruin their capacity to check innovative unemployment. The article at that point examines reactions of another compensating component - descending wage adaptability. It contends this reaction is constrained by mechanical rigidities and might have recessionary impacts by decreasing successful requests. Skill-biased mechanical alter is additionally inspected, noticing how it can uproot incompetent laborers in spite of remuneration impacts for talented labor.In conclusion, whereas recompense impacts are conceivable in hypothesis, the article finds financial hypothesis cannot authoritatively decide the exact work affect of mechanical progress due to vulnerabilities encompassing the effectiveness of alteration instruments in diverse settings. Both labor-saving and job-creating advancement impacts must be considered.

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Article 01 - Shadeeka Nishan Peramuna Gamage (Student ID - 30120067)

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Article 01 - Shadeeka Nishan Peramuna Gamage (Student ID - 30120067)

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“Artificial intelligence in the workplace – A double-edged sword” Uta Wilkens.

Prof. Dr. Uta Wilkens addresses both strengths and weakness of Artificial Intelligence in the workplace. The article indicates that AI holds the potential to improve personal learning and professional growth in the workplace, but it is crucial not to overstate this potential. AI works in conjunction with individual intelligence, offering advancements, particularly in terms of quality, accuracy, and precision.

Rationale of choosing “Artificial Intelligence in the workplace – A double-edged sword”

The selected article, "Artificial Intelligence, a Double-Edged Sword: Augmenting Learning in the Workplace," stands out for its theoretical foundation, drawing from individual and organizational learning theories. This ensures a robust conceptual framework to explore the intricate dynamics between artificial intelligence (AI) and workplace efficiency. The integration of learning theories with machine learning methods enriches the analysis, providing a theoretical lens for understanding AI's impact on the learning process.

The dual perspective offered in the article is noteworthy, emphasizing both the positive contributions of AI to individual competence development and organizational learning, as well as its potential for unintended effects—a recognition of AI as a double-edged sword. This balanced approach adds depth to the discussion, underscoring the need for a cautious and strategic approach to leverage AI for efficiency.

Practical implications are emphasized in the article, particularly regarding socio-technical job design. The recognition of the need to integrate AI in a valuable manner while keeping the human-in-the-loop aligns with real-world considerations for implementing AI in the workplace efficiently.

Relevance to the topic “Changing nature of work - Artificial Intelligence (AI & Workplace Efficiency)

Relevance of the article is evident through the exploration of AI's augmentation potential in enhancing individual learning and development within professional settings. By recognizing AI as a tool for advancement, particularly in improving quality, accuracy, and precision, the article aligns seamlessly with the broader theme of leveraging AI to enhance workplace efficiency. Moreover, the article's dual perspective on the positive contributions of AI alongside potential unintended effects offers a nuanced understanding, emphasizing the need for a balanced and strategic approach to AI implementation.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Uta Wilkens' affiliation with the Institut für Arbeitswissenschaft at Ruhr-Universität Bochum establishes a credible background in work science, lending expertise to the subject matter. The article maintains academic rigor by employing a theoretical-based outline, referencing individual and organizational learning theory, and adhering to established academic standards. The interdisciplinary perspective, combining insights from learning theory with machine learning methods, enhances the article's credibility by acknowledging the multifaceted nature of the topic. Additionally, the practical implications discussed, particularly in relation to socio-technical job design, bridge theoretical insights with real-world considerations, further establishing the author's credibility and contributing to the overall depth and relevance to the chosen topic.

Reference

Wilkens, U. (2020) Artificial intelligence in the workplace – A double-edged sword. Campus-wide information systems. [Online] 37 (5), 253–265. https://findit.southwales.ac.uk/permalink/44WHELF_USW/994btm/cdi_proquest_journals_2498998505

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Artificial Intelligence in the Workplace - A double edged sword by Uta Wilkens

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Article 02 - Shadeeka Nishan Peramuna Gamage (Student ID - 3013

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Article 02 - Shadeeka Nishan Peramuna Gamage (Student ID - 3013

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“Human + Machine: Reimagining Work in the Age of AI" by Paul R. Daugherty and H. James Wilson

Human + Machine: Reimagining Work in the Age of AI" by Paul R. Daugherty and H. James Wilson is a thought-provoking exploration of the collaboration between humans and artificial intelligence (AI) in the contemporary workplace. The book, written by two experts from Accenture, offers insights into the ways in which AI technologies can complement human capabilities, ultimately transforming the nature of work.

Rationale of choosing the “Human + Machine: Reimagining Work in the Age of AI" by Paul R. Daugherty and H. James Wilson”

The selection of "Human + Machine" was driven by the pressing need to understand the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the nature of work and employment. The authors, Paul R. Daugherty and H. James Wilson, both esteemed figures from Accenture, bring a wealth of industry expertise, making this book a compelling choice for insights into the evolving landscape of work in the AI era.

The book aptly addresses the profound implications of AI on the nature of work and employment. It explores how human-machine collaboration can lead to enhanced productivity, the creation of new job roles, and the evolution of skillsets required in the workforce. The ethical considerations associated with AI adoption, including job displacement and bias, are thoughtfully discussed.

The credibility of this book is anchored in the authors' extensive experience and leadership roles at Accenture. Both Daugherty and Wilson have been deeply involved in advising organizations on AI strategy, and their positions add weight to the reliability of the content. Moreover, the book has gained recognition within the AI community, contributing to its credibility as a reputable source on the subject.

Relevance to the topic “Changing nature of work - Artificial Intelligence (AI & Workplace Efficiency)

"Human + Machine" is highly relevant in the context of understanding how AI is reshaping the workforce. The inclusion of practical examples and case studies enhances the reliability of the information, providing real-world applications of AI technologies across diverse industries. The book is well-regarded for its pragmatic insights, ensuring that readers can derive actionable strategies for navigating the evolving landscape of work.

Conclusion.

Human + Machine" is an excellent resource for professionals, business leaders, and enthusiasts who want to fully grasp how AI impacts work and jobs. The authors are experts, making the book a trustworthy and reliable guide. Its relevance and accuracy also make it a valuable tool for anyone trying to understand how humans and machines can work together in the AI era. If you're a student or just starting to explore this topic, this book provides a comprehensive and easy-to-follow guide on the complexities of human-machine collaboration.

Reference

Wilson, H. J. & Daugherty, P. R. (2018) Human + machine : reimagining work in the age of AI. Boston, Massachusetts: Harvard Business Review Press. https://findit.southwales.ac.uk/permalink/44WHELF_USW/1ghk6k3/alma99100665765902424

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Human + Machine  Collaboration in the Age of AI

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Article 03 - Shadeeka Nishan Peramuna Gamage (Student ID - 30120067)

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Article 03 - Shadeeka Nishan Peramuna Gamage (Student ID - 30120067)

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“The Forth Industrial Revolution" by Rohit Talwar, Steve Wells, and Alexandra Whittington

"The Forth Industrial Revolution" by Rohit Talwar, Steve Wells, and Alexandra Whittington is a strategic exploration of the impact of artificial intelligence on corporate strategies. Written by renowned futurists, the book offers insights, case studies, and practical applications for businesses looking to leverage AI to transform their operations and stay competitive in the evolving technological landscape.

Rationale of choosing “The Forth Industrial Revolution" by Rohit Talwar, Steve Wells, and Alexandra Whittington”

The selection of "The Forth Industrial Revolution" was motivated by the need to gain strategic insights into how artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping the business landscape. Authors Rohit Talwar, Steve Wells, and Alexandra Whittington are recognized futurists and strategists, which instills confidence in the credibility of their analysis. The decision to explore this book was driven by a desire to understand the nuanced implications of AI on the nature of work and employment within a corporate context.

"The Forth Industrial Revolution" proves highly relevant for understanding how AI technologies influence corporate strategy. The authors provide a forward-looking perspective, offering strategic guidance that makes the book a reliable resource for businesses navigating the AI landscape. The inclusion of case studies and practical applications enhances the book's reliability, providing tangible examples of AI-driven transformations.

The book maintains a high level of accuracy by aligning its insights with current industry trends and advancements in AI technology. The validity of the content is bolstered by the authors' commitment to thorough research and analysis. The forward-looking nature of the book implies a consideration of potential future scenarios, contributing to its overall accuracy and validity as a strategic guide.

Relevance to the topic “Changing nature of work - Artificial Intelligence (AI & Workplace Efficiency)

"The Forth Industrial Revolution" proves highly relevant for understanding how AI technologies influence corporate strategy. The authors provide a forward-looking perspective, offering strategic guidance that makes the book a reliable resource for businesses navigating the AI landscape. The inclusion of case studies and practical applications enhances the book's reliability, providing tangible examples of AI-driven transformations.

Conclusion

"The Fourth Industrial Revolution" stands out as a highly useful resource for individuals wanting strategic insights into how AI transforms businesses. The authors' expertise and credibility, combined with the book's practical applications and relevance, make it an essential guide for businesses aiming to create strong strategies in the era of AI. If you're looking for guidance on how to navigate the changes brought by AI in the corporate world, this book is a valuable tool that provides practical advice and relevant insights.

Reference

Wells, S. et al. (2017) THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION. Training Journal. 30-. https://findit.southwales.ac.uk/permalink/44WHELF_USW/994btm/cdi_proquest_reports_1916120016

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Article 04 - Shadeeka Nishan Peramuna Gamage (Student ID - 30120067)

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Article 04 - Shadeeka Nishan Peramuna Gamage (Student ID - 30120067)

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"The jobs that Artificial Intelligence will create." by Wilson, H. James, Daugherty, Paul R, Morini-Bianzino, Nicola”

The jobs that Artificial Intelligence will create." by Wilson, H. James, Daugherty, Paul R, Morini-Bianzino, Nicola explores how artificial intelligence is reshaping the workplace. Authored by experts in AI and ethics, the book delves into practical applications, ethical considerations, and the evolving dynamics of work and employment in the era of AI.

Rationale of choosing "The jobs that Artificial Intelligence will create." by Wilson, H. James, Daugherty, Paul R, Morini-Bianzino, Nicola.

The selection of "The Jobs that Artificial Intelligence will create" was driven by the desire to delve into the intricacies of the intersection between human intelligence and artificial intelligence in the workplace. Authored by Wilson, H. James, Daugherty, Paul R, Morini-Bianzino, Nicola, experts in the field, the book was chosen for its potential to offer credible insights into the nature of work and employment in the era of artificial intelligence.

The book maintains a high level of accuracy by aligning its insights with current industry trends and emerging technologies. The validity of the content is supported by the authors' dedication to research and their active involvement in shaping the discourse around AI. The forward-looking nature of the book implies an exploration of potential future scenarios, contributing to its overall accuracy and validity.

Relevance to the topic “Changing nature of work - Artificial Intelligence (AI & Workplace Efficiency)

"The Jobs that Artificial Intelligence will create" proves highly relevant for those seeking a nuanced understanding of how AI is reshaping the nature of work. The book's reliability is strengthened by the practical insights provided, offering a blend of real-world examples and case studies that illustrate the application of AI in diverse workplace scenarios. The authors' commitment to providing reliable information on the evolving role of AI in employment enhances the book's value.

Conclusion

"The Jobs that Artificial Intelligence will create" stands as a promising resource for those intrigued by the evolving dynamics of AI and its impact on work and employment. The book's credibility, relevance, and the breadth of perspectives offered by the authors position it as a valuable guide for understanding the complex interplay between human intelligence and artificial intelligence in the modern workplace.

Reference

Wilson, H. J. et al. (2017) The jobs that artificial intelligence will create. MIT Sloan management review. 58 (4), 14-. https://findit.southwales.ac.uk/permalink/44WHELF_USW/994btm/cdi_proquest_journals_1916720831

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Article 03- Md Abdullah Al Mamun          Id- 30123357

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Article 03- Md Abdullah Al Mamun          Id- 30123357

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Reference: Showstack, J. A., Schroeder, S. A., & Matsumoto, M. F. (1982). The Primary Care Physician in the United States. The New England Journal of Medicine, 306(12), 706-712. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM198203253061203.

https://www.proquest.com/docview/1871612500/fulltext/6721735BD1614BFFPQ/1?accountid=15324&sourcetype=Scholarly%20Journals

Review:

The New England Journal of Medicine article "The Primary Care Physician in the United States" by Showstack, J. A., Schroeder, S. A., and Matsumoto, M. F. This was my choice due to its historical significance and ongoing applicability to medical technology. The choice of this piece for analysis is supported by a number of intriguing factors.

First of all, this study is a valuable source because it was published in The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM), a renowned, peer-reviewed medical journal. Since NEJM is renowned for publishing relevant studies and high-caliber research, the information in this paper satisfies stringent academic criteria.

March 25, 1982 publication adds a historical perspective to the review.  An article from this period provides insights into the state of medical technology and primary care in the United States during that era. Understanding the foundations and challenges faced by primary care physicians at that time can offer valuable context for assessing the evolution of medical technology over the years.

The article's describes on the function of primary care physicians in the US raises the possibility that it will cover the incorporation or application of medical technology in these settings. The delivery of healthcare has been profoundly impacted by the changing field of medical technology, and talks about technology in medicine now can benefit from an awareness of past viewpoints.

Including a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) further underscores the article's commitment to traceability and availability. The occurrence of a DOI ensures that the article is easily retrievable, fostering a seamless integration into academic discussions and research.

In conclusion, the choice and assessing of this article for medical technology is predicated on many factors such as the reliable journal source, future perspectives on the function of primary care physicians, and the comfort of accessibility provided by the DOI. This article provides a thorough overview of the evolution of healthcare practices and technology integration by describing a useful analysis of the link between medical technology and primary care in the US.

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Article - 3 ADITHYAN PURAKKAD SUJI     ID-30118857

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Article - 3 ADITHYAN PURAKKAD SUJI     ID-30118857

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Reference: World Bank Group (2019). Future of Food: Harnessing Digital Technologies to

Improve Food System Outcomes. [online] World Bank. Available at:https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/agriculture/publication/future-of-food-harnessing-digital-technologies-to-improve-food-system-outcomes

Article Review:

The article analyzed helps to reveal the significance of the digital technologies to the food system’s

many developments, as well as the changing nature of work and employment of people in the field

of food technology. The piece’s relevance is not merely in identifying the many innovations in

digital agriculture such as precision agriculture, gene editing, and biologically-based crop

protection, but rather it must directly tie into the many pressing global issue of securing food for

an ever-growing population that is expected to reach a projected 10 billion in a few years to come.The idea of making the opportunities accessible to the smallholder farmers, who account for 80%

of the world's food supply, reflects the principle behind the article that is to justify the focal point

of this article is towards dealing with the inequality across the societies. It can be a gateway to use

digital channels in cost- efficient way to enable the connection of buyers and sellers, serve as a

value-added information hub and as a data analysis tool to farmers. The formulation of risks

regarding the digital technology apps for example, data privacy concerns, offline jobs, cyber-

attacks and others enriches the perspective (World Bank Group, 2019).

This article emphasizes the fundamental role of the digital technologies which helps in the

optimization of the production for small-size farmers, the boosting of the competitiveness and the

creation of job opportunities which in turn reduces the poverty. Nevertheless, the article is very

cautious to suggest that adopting digital platforms by itself would be a ‘magic bullet’ in combating

the food insecurity problems. Therefore, instead of taking the narrow approach, investments in

infrastructural development, postharm storage, and logistic essentials are what would be very

relevant to helping the whole food system.

To conclude, this article depicts the wide application of the digital technologies in the food systems

that in turn generate a huge number of employment for a huge number of people. Its reliability,

topicality, and perspective-neutrality are its principal assets used in interpretations of the

technological advances that may help or hinder the sustainable development of food security aspects of the SDGs (World Bank Group, 2019).

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The world is today facing the pressing challenge of unsustainable food production and consumption practices. Today's food system is the main driver of deforestation and biodiversity loss and generates a quarter of the greenhouse gas pollution globally.

What's more, the world's roughly 500 million smallholder farmers who contribute 80 percent of our food are amongst the poorest and most malnourished groups. In fact, climate change could force over 100 million people into extreme poverty by 2030, mostly through impacts on agriculture and food security.

Hence, improving the performance of the food system is critical if we are to sustainably feed nearly 10 billion people by 2050 while raising farmer incomes, protecting them from climate change and helping them to thrive.

Breakthrough digital technologies have the potential to deliver significant positive impacts across food value chains. These range from innovations that can make food systems more resource-efficient and climate-resilient such as precision agriculture, gene-editing and biological-based crop protection, or technologies that improve traceability from farm to fork.

Harnessing Digital Technologies to Improve Food System Outcomes looks at the opportunities from digital technologies, including better transparency of agricultural value chains, smarter farms, and improved public services. It also reviews some of the risks, including an over-concentration of service providers, poor data governance, and exclusion. The report presents a set of potential entry points for public sector action to seize the opportunities that expanding rural network coverage can bring.
Main Messages

Digital technologies can significantly reduce the costs of linking sellers and buyers; reduce inequalities in access to information, knowledge, technologies and markets; help farmers make more precise decisions on resource management by providing, processing, and analyzing an increasing amount of data faster; and potentially reduce scale economies in agriculture, thereby making small-scale producers more competitive.

A range of digital technologies in the food system are already leading to better informed and engaged consumers and producers, smarter farms and improved public services. These technologies range from simple off-line farmer advisory digital videos to complex systems such as distributed ledger technologies for value chain traceability and some forms of precision agriculture.

Adoption of digital technologies varies significantly across countries, with lower current adoption rates in low-income countries. Increasing its adoption in the food system will require addressing supply side factors such as low rural network coverage and availability of digital application; and demand side factors, including need for better skills and knowledge, trust, affordability, and the absence of complementary investments.

While digital technologies have significant potential they also pose several risks, including an over-concentration of service providers; lack of data privacy; exclusion and potential job losses for some activities; and cyber security breaches. What's needed are to: keep service provider entry barriers low; ensure good data governance; targeted support to smallholder farmers, youth, women, and other vulnerable groups; and support skill development.

Digital technologies should not be viewed as a panacea even while they offer significant opportunities. Other investments such as better roads, uninterrupted electricity, post-harvest storage facilities, and better logistics linking farmers to markets are equally important. Better investment climate and government policies will in turn increase demand for digital technologies.

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Future of Food: Harnessing Digital Technologies to Improve Food System Outcomes

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The world is today facing the pressing challenge of unsustainable food production and consumption practices. Today's food system is the main driver of deforestation and biodiversity loss and generates a quarter of the greenhouse gas pollution globally.

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article - 4 ADITHYAN PURAKKAD SUJI       ID-30118857

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article - 4 ADITHYAN PURAKKAD SUJI       ID-30118857

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Reference: Bahri, V. (2022). Technology disruptions transforming the food industry - India

Business and Trade. [online] Tpci.in. Available at:https://www.tpci.in/indiabusinesstrade/blogs/technology-disruption-in-the-food-industry/

Article Review:

I decided to make a review of the article, dealing with the joint influence of the innovativeness and

also pace of technology on the F&B sector of the economy, mainly driven by the COVID-19

pandemic. The author substantiates authority through the enumeration of the statistics and

projections like AI market value of over $29.94 billion by 2026 at a CAGR over 45.77%. This

statistic adds a functional base which makes the reading very trustworthy. The article about the

launch of online grocery shopping as being the one on the rise, expected to take 15-20% of all

F&B sales by 2025, is another example from the huge trend. The subject matter is very current and

it is very much related to the time frame (Bahri, 2022).

1

Consequently, the article confirmed the pattern of consumer behavior, in the light of the fact that

49% of the online shoppers are regarded millennial gastronomes, which is an important

demographic side. The author covers AI applications, starting with the strawberry flavor profile

and the robotic arm Flippy, adding such a real flavor. The author continues with a some of the

considerations on the rise of the organicism, veganism and also environmentally-conscious options

in the US and its relationship with the changing society, which makes the article more accurate.

Finally, the technology is one of the factors which become very essential for being transparent in

the F&B sector if handheld devices as well as blockchain technology is applied. These applications

naturally correspond to the characteristics of the current business market that underlies the

authority of the article by explaining the latest developments.

In the context of the article’s discussion, bias and also misinformation is discussed with reliable

and scientifically accurate data and trends being considered. Pandemic impact is a very special

point that it shows to the viewers, and that makes the understanding much more reasonable.

Comprising of the entire, the article accomplishes a very detailed sequencing of the interactive

relationship between technology and the F&B industry while adding in a layered over of credible,

relevant, and also accurate information of the continuous transformation (Bahri, 2022).

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When the COVID-19 pandemic first enveloped the world in 2020, the F&B industry saw clear indicators of paradigm shifts in the business landscape. From e-commerce to cloud kitchens to the influx of IoT and blockchains, this column looks at some of the major disruptions that technology is ushering into the global F&B industry, accelerated by the pandemic.

E-commerce is expected to make up for 15-20% of the food and beverage industry's overall sales by 2025 (LEK Consulting), around 10x its share in 2016.

Consumers are now looking at speed, affordability and accessibility apart from safety, transparency and predictability. F&B companies are rapidly adopting artificial intelligence and machine learning as they digitise the entire supply chain.

To assuage increased customer scrutiny, companies will increasingly need to rely on technology to transparently provide data on their products with a simple scan in real time, possible due to the proliferation of hand-held devices.

Cloud kitchens, or food businesses solely focused on ordering are another quite interesting development in the F&B industry post-COVID. Their business model is predicated on being placed in a location with maximum proximity to food deliveries.

Photo by Adam Nieścioruk on Unsplash
When the COVID-19 pandemic first enveloped the world in 2020, the F&B industry saw some indicators of paradigm shifts in the business landscape. In 2021, therefore, industry watchers naturally observed with eager anticipation how these trends would firm up.

The most game changing of these trends, which the industry must be cognisant of, is the influx of technology. E-commerce is expected to make up for 15-20% of the food and beverage industry's overall sales by 2025 ( LEK Consulting), around 10x its share in 2016. Around 49% of millenials are now buying groceries online, making them the key driver of this change. Secondly, consumer sentiment is shifting faster in segments with longer shelf life like snack bars and cereals, where 40% of volume is expected to move online by 2025.

Consumers are now looking at speed, affordability and accessibility apart from safety, transparency and predictability. F&B companies are rapidly adopting artificial intelligence and machine learning as they digitise the entire supply chain. The use of these technologies is helping them gain tonnes of data, which helps them better understand variables for improved efficiency and predictability.

While artificial intelligence in the food and beverage market was valued at US$ 3.07 billion in 2020, it is expected to reach US$ 29.94 billion by 2026, growing at a CAGR of over 45.77% ( Mordor Intelligence). Even on the last mile, AI promises to help chefs and culinary experts in areas such as taste enhancement and preparing healthier and environmentally more sustainable recipes. Fast food chains using a robot named Flippy to flip their burgers, and drone deliveries becoming a growing reality are vivid signs of the changing times that the public is witnessing today.

COVID-19 has brought the 'digital first' approach to the forefront to ensure better customer engagement. Data availability is, of course, also enabling marketers to keep a better tab on customer demands and adapt accordingly ( though speed of response has become extremely critical). For instance, an online survey by Hunt confirmed that Americans were cooking more (+54%), feeling more confident in the kitchen (+50%) and learning more. Consumers are developing a growing affinity for themes like organic, vegan or environmentally sustainable. Lab-grown meat, plant-based alternatives of meat, and valorization of a vast range of bioresources are emerging concepts that look immensely promising. In a similar vein, a number of Indian startups are coming up with vacuum dried or freeze dried snacks that are healthier. Companies like Cadbury's are also adopting sugar reduction technology that makes chocolates 'seem' sweeter.

To assuage this increased customer scrutiny, companies will increasingly need to rely on technology to transparently provide data on their products with a simple scan in real time, possible due to the proliferation of hand-held devices. Blockchain technology, given the immutable nature of transaction data, will find increasing application in the F&B industry. IoT technology can help capture real time data like temperature and humidity during storage of a product. With blockchain, this data will be securely available to every participant across the F&B value chain, thereby building trust. Therefore, it will build speed, efficiency and certainty across the value chain and also simplify regulatory compliance in international trade.

Cloud kitchens, or food businesses solely focused on ordering are another quite interesting development in the F&B industry post-COVID. Their business model is predicated on being placed in a location with maximum proximity to food deliveries. More and more customers have developed a penchant for online ordering, even as several physical restaurants were compelled to shut shop in the early days of the crisis.

In India, food ordering is growing at a CAGR of 16%, and is projected to reach US$ 17 billion by 2023, according to DataLabs by Inc42. Cloud kitchens are expected to reach a potential market size of US$ 1.05 billion by that year. A number of restaurants are exploring this as a possible standalone business option, or even a hybrid approach. Although the model is facing teething troubles, players expect it to firm up in the coming years and become a dominant channel.

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Technology disruptions transforming the food industry

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When the COVID-19 pandemic first enveloped the world in 2020, the F&B industry saw clear indicators of paradigm shifts in the landscape.

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Article 04- Md Abdullah Al Mamun Id-30123357

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Article 04- Md Abdullah Al Mamun Id-30123357

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Reference-

Bezuidenhout, L., Stirling, J., Sanga, V. L., Nyakyi, P. T., Mwakajinga, G. A., & Bowman, R. (2022). Combining development, capacity building and responsible innovation in GCRF‐funded medical technology research. Developing World Bioethics, 22(4), 276-287.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dewb.12340

Review-

Building relationships is a critical component in the quest of meaningful discourse in research cooperation, especially in the context of the Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF). Formality is not the only thing this time and effort put into building relationships with partner institutions in the Global South transcends. It serves as the cornerstone for fruitful, significant research collaborations.

Research infrastructure and project management are traditionally topics that are discussed in passing and taken for granted rather than being actively addressed. But the GCRF offers a special situation. Its emphasis on partnerships with nations included on the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) list highlights the fact that partner institutions usually struggle with inferior institutional frameworks and scarce resources for research support.

This is when developing relationships becomes so important. Acknowledging this inherent imbalance calls for a proactive strategy in which significant resources and assistance are directed toward building relationships with others even prior to the grant's formal start date. Researchers can get a greater grasp of one another's circumstances, goals, and working methods by establishing sincere connections. As envisioned by the GCRF, this in turn creates the groundwork for relationships that are meaningful and equitable.

An important commitment of Official Development Assistance (ODA) money to research projects is embodied in the GCRF itself. This investment seeks to support both the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the UK's assistance strategy, as well as the worldwide endeavor to achieve them. The program actively promotes the creation of an expansive research agenda that addresses a variety of development-related issues.

But in order to succeed in this complicated environment, researchers must actively participate in settings where a variety of players, each with a different level of ability and power, cooperate and compete to bring about beneficial change for certain communities. This needs an advanced understanding of the moral issues in surrounding development-oriented research. But also understanding the local context like guaranteeing project relevance and long-term sustainability within the allotted timeframe, and actively involving the public throughout the research process are just a few of the elements that require close attention.

To sum up, the GCRF offers an incredible chance to support significant research partnerships that tackle pressing global issues. However, one vital component is necessary for these initiatives to succeed: establishing relationships. In the end, research that makes a significant contribution to sustainable development and good change may be paved the way for by making the effort to build authentic relationships with partner institutions in the Global South.

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Reference: King, J. (2014). How Transportation Technologies Will Change Everything. [online] GovTech. Available at: https://www.govtech.com/transportation/how-transportation-technologies-will-change-everything-.html

Article Review:

I have selected this article as the article effective gives a wide range of effective and detailed explanation related to the transport revolution produced by the application of intelligent transportation systems in the modern world. Being clearly relevant to the aspects on how technology can redesign the conventional transportation systems, this article clearly showcases the central role technology plays in the process. The credibility is further enhanced as the article is closely linked with the future structure which emphasises the emerging nature of soft infrastructure specifically integrated to the ever-demanding global investment in expensive transport infrastructure. The incorporation of thoughts from the industry leaders, like Bill Ford Jr. and quotes from U.S. Department of Transportation makes the article even more reliable (King, 2014).

The central theme, accuracy as well as reliability of the article are efficiently based on its highlighting variable key trends like connected and autonomous vehicles, alternate fuels as well as traffic analysis. The utilization of various real-life examples like the case of California in which they provide with permits for autonomous vehicle testing make the article showcases the practicality as well as enhanced credibility. Accuracy and validity are further kept in check through the research of diverse ITS components such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P), and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) interactions. The article clearly and precisely conveys that how these technologies make the roads safer, reduces traffic and further save the natural environment. Along with these aspects, there is presence of the acknowledgment of gradual technological progresses as well as the guarded optimism of experts in the industry like David Pickeral and Malcolm Dougherty which further makes the article more credible. The central aim of this article is clearly stated that it is explicitly addressing the readers on the upcoming changes in the transportation systems which are brought about through the integration of intelligent structures (King, 2014). The main ideas involving the prospects of connected vehicles, the chances of autonomous vehicles as well as the effect on electric vehicles clearly provides with the summary that helps the readers to interpret the central themes of the article.

In summary, the article specifically and successfully depicts a resourceful set of knowledge and insights for the concerned set of audience who are curious in the looking towards the future of the technology of transportation. The clarified credibility, accuracy as well as well defined purpose of the article presents it as a valuable source for the interpretation of the threats as well as the further chances of betterment as a result of effective integration of developed framework in the transportation sector.

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The transportation systems around which the modern world has been built are on the verge of a significant transformation. Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) are making driving and traffic management better and safer for everyone.

Transportation typifies the FutureStructure framework. ( FutureStructure is a sister publication of Government Technology.) Soft infrastructure - the realm of concepts, policies and legislation - is rapidly evolving to accommodate the demand for global investment in hard transportation infrastructure. Technology is bridging the two as vehicles and the infrastructure on which they operate become increasingly connected.

Traffic and population growth create demand for more transportation infrastructure, but many jurisdictions don't have sufficient money or space to build more roads and rail.

Despite cities lacking funds population growth will continue - the World Health Organization expects 7 out of 10 people on the planet will live in cities by mid-century. Coupled with climate change concerns, cities leaders must start rethinking the very nature of existing transportation systems.

New transportation technologies are emerging to meet these challenges, including connected and autonomous vehicles, alternative fuels, keyless fleet management and traffic analytics, as well as local zoning and planning policies that support transit-oriented development. New technology for on-road communications will dramatically change how vehicles operate and provide information and capabilities for better, real-time traffic management - if the necessary network infrastructure is in place.

ITS is poised to transform transportation into a connected, dynamic component of the city-as-a-system. Perhaps more importantly, the greater ease in moving about will have a positive impact on quality of life and commerce for residents, visitors and local businesses.

The Promise of ITS

"Cities are struggling with transportation today and will struggle even more in the future," said Bill Ford, Jr., executive chairman of the Ford Motor Company, while addressing the ITS World Congress in Detroit in September 2014. "We need to redefine what mobility is for the coming century."

According to the U.S. Department of Transportation, ITS improves transportation safety and mobility by integrating advanced, wireless communications technologies into transportation infrastructure and vehicles. The purpose of ITS is to process and share information that can prevent vehicle collisions, keep traffic moving and reduce environmental impacts.

Coordinating traffic signals, giving signal priority to transit lanes, electronic information signs and variable speed limit signs are all part of the burgeoning ITS industry. Also part of ITS is the ability to automatically distribute real-time traffic data to websites, social media feeds, mobile apps, and local TV and radio stations.

"Instead of a bunch of independent systems on the local, national or even global level, ITS creates a transportation network that works like the Internet, where everything is connected, but also open for standards-based communication, which reduces costs and creates value for everyone involved in managing traffic," said David Pickeral, who leads the Industry Smarter Solutions Team for Transportation at IBM.

Autonomous and Connected Vehicles

Perhaps the most anticipated element of ITS is the connected vehicle. The imminent arrival of connected vehicles is one reason for new visions of transportation within a metro area.

Connected technology focuses on wireless communication: vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), collectively referred to as V2X. Intended primarily to improve safety, V2V technology allows cars to continually communicate to the vehicles around them so each are aware of the others' speed, heading and direction. Connected vehicles also help in recognizing and alerting drivers to dangerous situations. By adding communication points in hazardous road areas and intersections, V2I technology extends crash-reduction capabilities by allowing automatic control of signal timing, speed management, and operation of transit and commercial vehicles.

"The connected vehicle technologies are ready," said Suzanne Murtha, senior program manager for intelligent transportation initiatives at Atkins Global. "Now it's a matter of governments capturing and sharing data about real-time, on-the-street traffic conditions so drivers can make better choices."

A different but related technology is that of autonomous vehicles, perhaps the most famous example of which is the Google self-driving car. Autonomous cars use a combination of LIDAR (similar to sonar but with laser light), GPS, optical cameras and big-time processing power to analyze millions of possible roadway scenarios and then take the appropriate action. The ultimate goal for autonomous vehicle technology is to make the vehicle so intelligent that no driver input is needed. However, truly autonomous vehicles, wherein the driver can give up complete control to the car, remain on the distant horizon. According to Ford, it is incremental technological advancement that will one day lead to driverless cars.

"By the time we get to full autonomy, the last step won't seem like such a big deal," he said. "Even as we put in a lot of these features the driver still has to be vigilant and in control."

Malcolm Dougherty, director of the California Department of Transportation, agreed. At the ITS World Congress he said that while he believed "the development of autonomous vehicle technology is going to accelerate ... for the time being the motorist will always be responsible for the vehicle."

If you buy a new car today, you're getting a preview of how driving will change as we move into the era of autonomous, connected vehicles. Features that help you park the car in a tight spot, automatically adjust cruise control speeds and sound an alert when the car drifts out of its lane are examples of technology now offered by automakers. Several states have already passed laws that allow autonomous vehicles to operate on public roads.

In September, California approved three permits for Volkswagen, Mercedes and Google to start autonomous vehicle testing under Senate Bill 1298, which requires the state to adopt formal autonomous vehicle testing rules by 2015.

"When SB 1298 was working its way through, everyone thought that the technology was quite a number of years away - and we were all very surprised as we met with the car manufacturers and industry, about how far along the technology really is," California Department of Motor Vehicles CIO Bernard Soriano told FutureStructure's sister publication . "Getting a chance to see the technology up close and being able to experience it is mind-boggling. It's exciting to be working on this because we're on the cusp of societal change. I'm not one to use hyperbole, but this one is a game-changer. It will change the way we function as a society, for the better."

California State Sen. Alex Padilla (D-Pacoima), who introduced SB 1298 two years ago, shared in the excitement, saying in a statement that "this technology takes a bold step forward. Driverless vehicles will revolutionize transportation, reduce traffic accidents and save lives. Establishing safety standards for these vehicles is an essential step in that process."

Terry D. Bennett, senior industry program manager, civil engineering and planning at Autodesk, said while the autonomous vehicle concept is compelling, focusing on V2I and V2V makes more practical sense in cities.

"I think [autonomous cars] more than anything create a lot of space for people to think differently," he said. "But with Detroit and other cities looking at dedicated roads for vehicle-to-vehicle or vehicle-to-infrastructure communication, you're starting to see the point that having infrastructure that's intelligent, has sensors and can communicate, is a much better long term approach than trying to automate a single car."

Indeed, the U. S. Department of Transportation estimates that V2V technology may eliminate or reduce the impact of up to 80 percent of crashes involving unimpaired drivers. In a Governing Institute survey, 62 percent of local officials agreed that autonomous and connected vehicles will mean fewer crashes. Fifty-one percent also foresee improved mobility and reduced congestion as more intelligent vehicles take to the road.

Electric Vehicles

Oregon is gaining both environmental and economic development benefits from its infrastructure and program investments to support electric vehicles (EVs). The most visible of these investments is the West Coast Electric Highway, which includes charging stations along Interstate 5 in Oregon, Washington and eventually California. Based on positive public response, Oregon is installing EV charging stations along other key highways and encouraging private businesses to install stations as well.

Travel Oregon, the state's tourism office, runs a targeted EV tourism program, "Oregon Electric Byways," with suggested itineraries and a partnership with Enterprise Rent-a-Car for EV rental.

"It's hard to separate the infrastructure from economic development because the infrastructure starts the conversation about EVs, especially outside of major cities," said Ashley Horvat, Oregon's chief electric vehicle officer and the first person in the public sector to hold this role. "By placing charging stations around the state, we went into communities that had never seen EVs, which really increased adoption and created a positive perception for Oregon within the EV industry."

In September, California Gov. Jerry Brown signed Senate Bill 1275, which sets a goal for the state to put 1 million zero-emission vehicles on the road by 2023. The bill also authorizes the state to provide financial incentives for consumers to purchase such vehicles, part of the governor's effort to make electric cars affordable for lower-income workers.

"I'm excited that California is charging ahead with plans to have electric vehicles in every zip code across the state," the bill's author, California State Sen. Kevin De León (D-Los Angeles) said in a statement. "We're going to lead the way in the fight against climate change by putting a million EVs on the roads, which means making them affordable to all drivers, not just the wealthy."

Driving Data

Intelligent infrastructure generates data that helps civic leadership make better decisions. For local transportation managers, connected vehicles and connected infrastructure will be tools for traffic data collection and analytics.

Better traffic flow is achievable in part with better systems for collecting and analyzing real-time traffic data. In this arena, transportation managers can learn from the technologies and practices deployed by private companies, especially those with large fleets.

For instance, some keen-eyed observers know that the familiar brown UPS trucks rarely make a left turn. The reason is that for decades UPS has worked to optimize routes. The UPS On-Road Integrated Optimization Navigation (ORION) software, which provides analytics for routing the company's delivery trucks, is the latest in route optimization. The system combines daily data on package delivery commitments and historical route tracking to identify the optimal path (out of hundreds of thousands of possibilities) for each UPS driver to follow that day. UPS expects the ORION system to significantly reduce fuel consumption and miles driven in its trucks. Public transportation departments will benefit from using similar analytics tools said Tom Madrecki, strategic communications manager at UPS.

"It's really about diving into the data and, based on where people need to go, determining how to make the transportation system the best it can be, then investing in the needed technology to realize those improvements," Madrecki said.

ITS and the Path to Smart Cities

No matter how promising the new technology, local transportation officials are caught in a classic funding bind - it's impossible to reduce costs without making investments, but funding for infrastructure investments is scarce or nonexistent. In a recent Governing Institute survey, 78 percent of respondents indicated lack of funding was the key barrier to developing ITS, well ahead of the 45 percent who cited an aging infrastructure as the key barrier.

"We need to create a framework for private entrepreneurship to lead the way," argued Florida Department of Transportation Secretary Ananth Prasad during a panel at the ITS World Congress. "Legislation at the state and federal level needs to be loosened up."

In many cases, public-private partnerships will have a larger role in financing new transportation projects. "Many state and local governments don't have the staff and other resources to implement projects on this large scale," said Nicholas Fluehr, a managing director at Wells Fargo. "Although municipal bond financing is still a viable option, partnering with the private sector can be a good option from both a cost and efficiency standpoint."

As traffic volumes continue to grow in the coming decades, the public sector will need to consider every possible opportunity to better manage all transportation systems and infrastructure.

"For state and local governments, the question is which investments will allow them to more effectively and efficiently utilize the existing transportation infrastructure," said Murtha. "You can spend billions on new roads and light rail or you can make a much smaller investment in the communications technology that will allow more vehicles to operate intelligently on current streets and highways."

One of the recurring themes of the ITS World Congress was that we're on the cusp of an extraordinary revolution in transportation, one that may save government billions of dollars by facilitating far better utilization of existing transportation infrastructure.

"Investing in last century's infrastructure is cheaper in the short run but more costly in the long run," said Verizon Chairman and CEO Lowell C. McAdam in a keynote address at the ITS World Congress.

That's why the smart cities of the future will be those that embrace and integrate intelligent transportation systems. While driverless cars may be a long way off, vehicle connectivity is not.

"A smart, connected infrastructure will improve the quality of all our lives," McAdam said. "Job No.1 in achieving this potential is bringing connectivity to every car."

This story was originally published by FutureStructure.

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How Transportation Technologies Will Change Everything

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Connected and autonomous vehicle technology will help optimize roadway utilization, potentially saving billions in future infrastructure expansion.

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Reference: Pandey, D. (2023). Importance of Technology in Transportation of Future -. [online] Aeologic Blog. Available at: https://www.aeologic.com/blog/importance-of-technology-in-the-transport-of-the-future/

Article review:

The selected article is highly appropriate as well as insightful as it clearly focuses on the prolonged and pervasive impact of the technology on the process of transportation. This deep and detailed dive into considerable mobility aspects clearly provides with the insights into the future of transportation. The selection of this article is clearly due to the credibility, relevance, accuracy as well as the purpose is to make out the bias, misinformation, and the tremendous role of technology in the transportation industry.

The credibility of the article is clearly evident in its data-oriented details, deriving reports from reputable organizations such as the IEA (International Energy Agency). This clearly provides with the grounds for the talk on the EVs development, highlighting the vehicle popularity, battery aspects development and the perceived shift to an effective energy system (Pandey, 2023). The further infusion of the quotes from industry leaders like the Elon Musk, helps to develop the credibility of the article. The set of information is clearly and uniformly maintained considering the environmental effects of EVs and keep it under an emphasis throughout the article. The study conducted by the Union of Concerned Scientists is clearly reflected which provides a broad overview of the fact related to pointing out the EVs as the key to cleaner air, less greenhouse gas emissions, and decreasing air pollution. Apart from this, the article clearly highlights the fact that the EVs can be leveraged in order to align the use of renewal energy sources in the long run, providing with a descriptive viewpoint on the ecological benefits of technology for transportation (Pandey, 2023). Furthermore, the article on self-driving cars clearly showcases a focus on authenticity and reliability. Considering the fact that the tech is still in its early development, the article effectively manages to keep in equilibrium a hopeful mode with careful realism. The consideration of road safety enhancement, traffic congestion reduction and the developments of new business models are shown in a wide manner clearly in assistance by Intel’s forecasts on the trends of the industry (Pandey, 2023).

In summary, the article is enriched by the presence of the hyperloop trains as well as the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) which are the other dynamics of this aspect of futuristic transportation mode. Keeping up with a clear interpretation and understanding of hyperloop trains as disruptive to long-distance travel along with the AI's role in predictive maintenance and traffic management is presented with clarity. This further contributes to the general purpose of presenting technology as the driver of transportation.

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Importance of Technology in Transportation of Future -

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Importance of technology in transportation of future and its potential to revolutionize the way we move around.

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Reference: Meyer, S. and Martin, R. (2020). Future transportation: These emerging technology trends will transform our roads and skies. [online] Thezebra.com. Available at: https://www.thezebra.com/resources/driving/future-transportation/

‌Article Review:

The chosen article is efficient enough in providing the well versed and deep insights into the pervasive and dynamic interface of the technology of transportation. This article is chosen as it comes out to be the one with the increased sense of reliability, relevance, accuracy as well as the purpose clearly stated related to the role of the pervasive sense of technology in the transportation sector.

The credibility of this article is clearly represented in the terms of clearly and effective investigating a wide range of developing technologies including the ones which have already been implemented in regular day-to-day lives of people as well as the prolonged term projects. The alignment of popular sources like the part of Elon Musk’s notion related to the underground roadways along with the hyperloop technology, clarifies the comprehension significantly (Meyer and Martin, 2020). Further integration along with the insights related to the flying taxi models and the designed delivery drones by the UPS develops the reliability of the article to the further efficiency.

Alon with these aspects, relevance and reliability are clearly kept in alignment by accommodating the development of society as well as the hindrances faced by these technologies which are clearly and judiciously meant to be solved (Meyer and Martin, 2020). The article also acknowledges the aspects that maintain the coherence of the article such as maglev trains, flying cabs as well as the self-driving vehicles which may lead to mitigation of tensions, cost efficiency and developed safety. Incorporation of topics like the responsibility for accidents involving self-driving cars presented with the anticipated problems faced by flying taxis transforms the study and solidifies the trustworthiness.

The approach to effectiveness and efficiency comes out as an obvious feature of the article’s assessment and evaluation of each kind of technology and concerned trend, providing a wide and inclusive picture of the opportunities and threats present. The article also clearly dissects its dedication to clarity by communicating the maglev trains and their potential for mitigating the effect on the environment, the limitation and hindrances supposed to be faced during the flying taxis time period and the present time assessment and analysis of driverless cars (Meyer and Martin, 2020). The end goal of the article has been clearly stated i.e., to come up with informing the readers regarding the future of transportation as well as the possible impacts and influences of these technological developments on a society. The central reliance i.e., maglev trains, flying taxis, driverless vehicles, delivery drones, underground roads along with hyperloop technology are clearly explaining and clearly integrates with the purpose of the article.

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Reference: Imaginovation (2023). How Technology is Reshaping The Future of Transportation. [online] Medium. Available at: https://medium.com/@Imaginovation/how-technology-is-reshaping-the-future-of-transportation-7ca4786ad7fe

‌Article Review:

I have selected this article on the developing characteristic of the transportation technology and its impact on the upcoming future times as it clearly dives into the variable aspects of diving into the further glorification of the transportation industry in the upcoming times.

The article clearly and comprehensively evaluates a wide set of technologies such as Autonomous Vehicles, electrification, High-Speed Mass Transit solutions, Mobility as a Service (MAAS), Drone transportation, smart infrastructure, enhanced connectivity (V2X), Eco-friendly Transportation, Advanced Navigation systems as well as the potential economic and employment market influence (Imaginovation, 2023). The credibility of the article can be clearly viewed by the presence of showcasing large companies in the transportation as well as the technology sector. The article leverages examples of the industry leaders such as Waymo, GM Cruise, Tesla, Amazon, UPS as the points of the reference in order to support the discussion which draws it integration and alignment to the real world, making it advance authentic as well as relational. This clear alignment matches the discussions and comes out to be a credible source while representing the factual and valid set of information.

The relevance as well as integrity of the article are clearly focused by the medium of comprehensive assessment of both the strengths as well as the threats associated with the leveraging of the technology in the sector of transportation. The article clearly showcases and prioritizes the privacy as well as the concerns related to the security of data, liability, job displacement along with ethical considerations providing a sense of equilibrium in the article and the approaches (Imaginovation, 2023). This method aligns and is presented perfectly the incredible significance of showing a fair evaluation of the technological developments in the world. The credibility and reliability of this article are further developed by the infusion of concerned set of appropriate statistics as well as the forecasts from the industry experts. This can be clearly seen by the presence of the expert expectations such as by the year 2030 the autonomous cars might become typical, hence making the article more factual as well as credible. The article furtherly provides with good starting point which can clearly assists in providing with the grounds for interpreting the transformative nature of such technologies (Imaginovation, 2023).

In summary, the intent of this article comes out to be clear and explicit in order to educate the readers regarding the revolutionary technologies which are occurring in the transport industry and playing a deep role in triggering the focus to think about these aspects in variable implications of the society. It clearly stimulates the readers to effectively carry out a sense of thinking in a critical manner relating the considerable consequences of such innovations, effectively developing the degree of insight in the subject matter.

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Transportation has come a long way since the first wheel rolled and the first sail caught wind. From steam engines to internal combustion vehicles, technology has continuously pushed the boundaries of how we move people and goods. Today, we stand at the cusp of a new transportation revolution driven by emerging technologies like electrification, autonomy, connectivity, and sharing. These innovations promise to reshape transportation in momentous ways in the coming decades.

One of the most transformative transportation technologies today is self-driving vehicles. Autonomous vehicle technology uses cameras, radars, sensors, and artificial intelligence to navigate and operate vehicles without human drivers. Companies like Waymo, GM Cruise, and Tesla are forerunners, having logged millions of miles of autonomous driving.

Experts predict autonomous cars will be commonplace by 2030. They will drastically transform daily commutes, urban planning, and road infrastructure. Self-driving trucks could also reshape logistics by enabling continuous delivery without driver breaks. Autonomous technology promises improved road safety by reducing human error and better traffic flow through vehicle-to-vehicle coordination.

However, there are valid concerns around data privacy, cybersecurity, liability in case of accidents, and job losses in driving professions. There is also debate around ethics and the ability of algorithms to make life-and-death decisions in complex scenarios. Regulations and infrastructure will need major upgrades to keep pace. But autonomous technology is undoubtedly coming, and its impact will be profound.

The fast-growing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) also marks a seismic shift in transportation. EVs have several environmental and economic benefits over internal combustion engine vehicles. EVs convert over 70% of electrical energy to power the wheels versus under 40% in conventional vehicles. This results in reduced emissions and lower fuel costs. Maintenance costs are also lower without complex engines and transmissions.

As battery costs plummet and charging networks expand, EVs are hitting cost and convenience parity with conventional vehicles. Many countries have set aggressive EV adoption targets. Several automakers like Volvo and GM plan to go fully electric by 2030 or sooner. Beyond cars, electric buses, trucks, bikes, and scooters are also gaining a share. Mass EV adoption will require rethinking of existing fueling infrastructure. Smart grids, battery swapping stations, inductive charging, and vehicle-to-grid integration will maximize efficiency.

High-speed trains and hyperloop technology will reshape intercity travel. Japan's bullet trains and China's 25,000 km high-speed rail network demonstrate the viability and appeal. Hyperloop takes it further by propelling pods through near-vacuum tubes at airline speeds. Virgin Hyperloop and HyperloopTT are building the first hyperloop systems.

At scale, the hyperloop could connect cities in under an hour. It promises efficient and eco-friendly transport for mass rapid transit and cargo. Challenges remain around infrastructure costs, safety, and rider experience in enclosed pods. But high-speed solutions will make distances shrink and boost economic interconnectivity between cities.

Mobility as a Service (MaaS) platforms are an emerging concept that seamlessly integrates various transport modes through a single-user app. MaaS apps allow travel planning, booking, payments, and ticketing across public transport, rideshares, scooters, and bike shares. Whim and Ubigo are successful MaaS apps in Europe.

For users, MaaS brings the convenience of seamless end-to-end journey planning and payments. It can lower congestion and emissions by promoting shared transport. For cities, MaaS provides invaluable data insights to optimize transit capacity and operations. As more users shift from private cars, MaaS can transform urban mobility.

Drones have moved from military to widespread consumer use within a decade. Amazon and UPS are testing drones to expand fast, cheap last-mile delivery. Fixed-wing passenger drones like the Volo copter are also being designed. Urban air mobility firms like Joby Aviation are partnering with cities to demonstrate on-demand air taxi services.

While still early, drones clearly have huge potential for cargo and passenger transport. However, regulating low-altitude airspace and addressing noise and safety concerns remain obstacles to mainstreaming drone transit. Technology for autonomy, collision avoidance, and contingency management needs maturing before large-scale adoption in logistics or urban air mobility.

Smart infrastructure refers to roads, bridges, and traffic systems embedded with sensors and connectivity to enable real-time monitoring and dynamic response to conditions. For example, smart highways can alert approaching vehicles to hazards ahead. Smart streetlights can adjust brightness based on traffic and ambient light. Smart parking systems can guide drivers to vacant spots.

When integrated with navigation apps and autonomous vehicle coordination, such smart infrastructural elements can smooth traffic flow, improve road utilization, enhance safety, and reduce accidents. Smart infrastructure also enables the adjustment of speed limits or lane direction based on flow. Singapore, Dubai, and Spain are frontrunners in testing smart highway technology.

Besides smart infrastructure, technology for connectivity between vehicles, roads, and other elements will be crucial. Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication enables data exchange between vehicles (V2V), infrastructure (V2I), pedestrians (V2P), etc.

V2X allows vehicles to coordinate maneuvers for highway merging, intersection navigation, and hazard avoidance. It enables features like emergency electronic brake lights. Combined with autonomy, such connectivity holds immense potential to minimize accidents and bottlenecks. 5G networks and protocols like DSRC will support split-second reliable connectivity essential for V2X.

Technology is pivotal to developing sustainable transportation systems. EVs, renewable energy integration, lightweight materials, and electrified public transit are bringing down emissions. Data analytics optimizes logistics routes and capacity use. Apps promote shared mobility options. Charging and smart grid innovations support renewable energy growth.

Many cities are redesigning transit-oriented urban spaces to prioritize walking, cycling, and public transport. Integrated tech-driven mobility services are reducing private car ownership. Further breakthroughs in battery tech, renewable energy integration, and mobility analytics will accelerate the shift to green transportation.

Real-time navigation systems are becoming more sophisticated by integrating rich data sources and AI. For example, augmented reality can overlay arrows and route guidance digitally on real-world views during driving or walking. Hyperlocal traffic prediction algorithms use historical data, sensors, and cameras to warn of bottlenecks.

Navigation apps can give personalized recommendations and alternative routes based on driving habits and user preferences. In the future, ideas like holographic navigation, brain-computer interfaces, and heads-up displays could enter the fray. Such innovations will continue elevating navigation from static platforms to contextual digital assistants.

Emerging transportation tech will massively disrupt economies and labor markets. Self-driving trucks could replace millions of trucking jobs but also reduce logistics costs. Maintenance and repair jobs may be reduced withsimpler EV drivetrains, but new ones may emerge around data analytics, battery servicing, and more.

Overall, autonomous and robotic solutions across supply chains could replace up to 20 million manufacturing jobs by 2030, per World Economic Forum estimates. But they will also spawn new kinds of jobs, skills, and business opportunities. Policymakers must plan extensive retraining and labor reforms to ensure smooth economic transitions in the coming decades.

Transportation technology has always evolved in leaps, from the steam engine to digital navigation. We now stand at the cusp of a convergence of innovations ranging across autonomy, electrification, sharing, connectivity, and sustainability. Together, they will radically reshape transportation economics, society, and culture just as the automobile did 100 years ago. However thoughtful regulation and planning are vital to maximize benefits and minimize disruption across economies, communities and the workforce. The future beckons us to innovate, adapt, and prepare with wisdom.

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How Technology is Reshaping The Future of Transportation

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Transportation has come a long way since the first wheel rolled and the first sail caught wind. From steam engines to internal combustion vehicles, technology has continuously pushed the boundaries...

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Reference-Abdelrahman, M.A.E., Natarajan, A. and Hegde, R. (2016), “Assessment of land suitability andcapability by integrating remote sensing and GIS for agriculture in Chamarajanagar District,Karnataka, India”, The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, Elsevier, Vol. 19No. 1, pp. 125-141.Acemoglu, D. and Restrepo, P. (2019), “Automation and new tasks: how technology displaces andreinstates labor”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 33 No. 2, pp. 3-30.Acemoglu, D. and Restrepo, P. (2020), “

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Article 04-  Muhammad Nafis Kalam  -30116666

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Article 04-  Muhammad Nafis Kalam  -30116666

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The article shows a detailed assessment of the quick improvement of digital technology has ushered in a new era of development across the whole food supply chain, revolutionizing the way food is manufactured, processed, divided, and consumed. In recent years, we have experienced an extraordinary surge in the implementation of information innovation, robotics, artificial intelligence, e-commerce, and blockchain, significantly transforming the landscape of the agricultural and food industry.

From the farm to the consumer's table, digital innovation is driving important transformations. In the upstream section, farmers are leveraging remote sensing methods to enhance cultivation traditions, while robotics and labor-saving methods are boosting productivity in harvesting and implementation activities. Simultaneously, the lower is facing a paradigm shift with the advent of e-commerce and food delivery services, leading to fundamental changes in food retail.

The improvement in computer development and information technology have remarkably changed the agricultural and food managing industries, revolutionizing how tasks are realized and data is managed. This review highlights several key improvements and their impacts on these sectors.

One notable improvement is the application of personal computers and management software, which have empowered farmers and large farms to productively gather, organize, and study production and financial data. This has led to advanced planning and decision-making processes within the agricultural sector.

Innovations such as cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence, and blockchain hold promise for further upgrading productivity and sustainability in agriculture. These innovations offer opportunities for improved monitoring, record management, and production efficiency, ultimately benefiting both producers and consumers.

The implementation of industrial robots in agriculture and food processing, highlighting their possibility benefits and challenges. The author successfully addresses the concept of co-robot systems and their productivity in reducing human labor hours for tasks such as weeding. Furthermore, the review emphasizes the improvements of robotics in food processing, particularly in increasing productivity for assembly and repetitive tasks, as well as addressing labor concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Remote sensing method has modernized the agricultural sector by empowering the indirect gathering of valuable agricultural data. This review delves into the myriad applications and technologies of applying remote sensing in agriculture, emphasizing its revolutionary effect on farm management and productivity.

One of the key strengths of remote sensing lies in its ability to supply a wealth of detailed information on crops, which would otherwise be costly and challenging to obtain at the field level. For instance, studies have illustrated significant advancements in detecting crop health issues, such as tomato infections, by leveraging remote sensing data, especially in the near infrared (NIR) region. Moreover, the transformation from single to multi-spectral and hyper-spectral sensor bands has significantly improved the accuracy and variability of crop condition analyses.

The implantation of artificial intelligence (AI) in the agriculture and food sector, emphasizing its possibility to revolutionize various aspects of production, management, and supply chain logistics. The author successfully addresses how AI enables more productive processing a large number of datasets, surpassing human-directed computer systems in tasks such as grouping and data synthesis.

One strength of the review is its focus on practical implementations, showcasing how AI algorithms are being utilized in tasks ranging from fruit quality examination to supply chain management. By citing exact studies and examples, the author grounds their discussion in empirical evidence, enhancing the credibility of their study.

The importance of blockchain method in modernizing various sectors, particularly in agriculture, where it plays a vital role in improving transparency, productivity, and traceability in the food supply chain.

The incorporation of blockchain in logistics, specifically in food traceability systems, addresses several critical issues such as economic, legal, technical, and social challenges connected with food management. By leveraging blockchain, the system can efficiently mitigate supply chain losses, ensuring that information remains available and distributed.

One of the key advantages of blockchain lies in its ability to supply consumers with detailed information about food attributes, including origin, production methods, and safety measures. This transparency fosters consumer trust and confidence in the food they consume, addressing growing concerns regarding food safety and quality.

The improvement in information technique have reshaped the marketing landscape within the food supply chain, especially through the emergence of e-commerce and the hybrid model known as online-to-offline (O2O). It features the significant impact of innovation on various aspects of marketing, including consumer behavior, industry structure, and product distribution.

One of the key insights is the identification of the limitations faced by e-commerce giants, leading to the adoption of O2O models by prominent firms. This hybrid strategy leverages both online platforms and physical stores to cater to different consumer choices, especially evident during the COVID-19 pandemic when delivery and in-store shopping options were both in demand.

The importance of factors such as product freshness, consumer trust, and social networks in impacting purchasing decisions, particularly in the food industry where frequent purchases and social interactions play a vital role. It emphasizes the importance of integrating online and offline experiences to address consumer needs effectively.

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Article-1 Muhammad Nafis Kalam    -30116666

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Article-1 Muhammad Nafis Kalam    -30116666

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Reference-

Bergek, A., Hekkert, M., Jacobsson, S., Markard, J., & Sandén, B. (2008a). Technological innovation systems in contexts: Conceptualizing contextual structures and interaction dynamics. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions.

Review-

This paper plays a significant role to theoretical achievement in understanding technology legitimacy and the broader organizational process shaping technological innovation systems. Through a comprehensive investigation, the authors propose a framework that not only explain the difficulty of legitimacy dynamics but also offers a roadmap for make sense of the intricate interconnection between technology, institutions, and social perceptions.

Examining the case of agricultural biogas in Germany, the authors offer crucial insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers seeking to understand the complex dynamics of technology legitimacy in Modern culture. The paper's rigorous methodology, thoughtful examination and clear Conceptual framework make it a Valuable extension to the Academic publications in this field.

The Suggested framework by the authors comprises five key components: the technological innovation system (TIS), its contextual environment, institutional alignment and misalignment, technology legitimacy, and legitimacy dynamics.

Principal to this framework is the assessment of Interactions between technology-specific organizational frameworks and broader contextual 0rganizations. The coordination between these structures regulates the level of technology legitimacy, which can be Impacted by various processes such as technology adaptation, Organizational transformation, and framing.

The authors skillfully emphasize the importance of institutional integrity within TIS, akin to shared comprehension and interactions within institutional fields, which eventually impact the development and recognition of technologies. In addition, the paper emphasizes the importance of taking into account surrounding condition, such as societal values and governing regulations, in understanding TIS dynamics.

A key capability of the paper lies in its clear communication of technology legitimacy, clearly specified as the agreement or inconsistency of a focal technology with organizational structures in its context. By describing awareness technology along cognitive, normative, and legal perspectives. The paper gives a comprehensive awareness of how technologies are understood and approved within wider social frameworks.

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Reference-

(Daim et al., 2006; Dotsika and Watkins, 2017; Jaewoo and Woonsun, 2014; Kajikawa et al., 2008; Kostoff and Schaller, 2001; Rezaeian et al., 2017; Tsai, 2012) and patents (Chen et al., 2017; Golembiewski et al., 2015; Noh et al., 2016; Yoon and Kim, 2012)

Review -

This article gives a detailed assessment of the appearance and improvement of new innovative technologies, focusing the significance of recognizing future development for systematic planning in research and development. It introduces a structure for detecting and forecasting these trends by integrating scientific papers and copyright as data resources. The structure engages topics-based text mining and expert understanding strategies to study scientific proficiency and evidence, identify technology transformation routes, and prediction future progress patterns.

The directions of combining narrative and statistical techniques in TRM, citing multiple examples where this hybrid technique has been implemented. By integrating both techniques, scientists’ goal to reduce the shortage knowledge and upgrade tactical choice-making systems. The hybrid TRM technique is recognized as a common pattern in Science, Technology &innovation research, indicating its increasing value in this field.

Some researchers have compact information from investigative papers and copyrights to recognize innovation progress, few have mixed text mining with experienced assessment to prediction technology patterns and bridge the distance between science and technology. Therefore, the review suggests a novel strategy that applies scientific papers and patents as data references and combines topics-based text mining with experienced assessment to study the evolution path of technology and predict future patterns.

The technique shows a detailed system to studying and awareness the transformation of perovskite solar cell innovation through a mixture of data restoration, preparing, clustering, hierarchical structuring, mapping, and pattern prediction.

Applying reliable data systems like Web of Science and Derwent Innovations Index to gather technological papers and patents associated to perovskite solar cell innovation guarantee a robust dataset for discus. Separating the data by year and eliminating noise confirms that the consequent study is based on clean and related information, improving the reliability of the outcomes.

The use of the Lingo algorithm, along with different initial processing methods like lexical analysis and stemming, promotes the verification of separate innovation topics from analytical papers and copyrights. The four exact tasks engage in this step ensure a logical strategy to clustering, containing phrase separation, cluster-label installation, and cluster-content allotment.

Including domain specialists in assessment collecting outcomes and creating an organized format founded on their knowledge adds reliability to the study. The illustration tool used to improve relationship among topics improves the transparency and realization of the hierarchical design.

A case study on perovskite solar cell innovation illustrates the performance and reliability of the proposed structure. By studying the distance between analytical papers and copyright, the study shows important understanding into the innovation's improvement and future patterns. The study recognizes three main technology trends- improvements in materials, structural changes, and fabrication methods relevant to perovskite solar cell innovation.

One of the key contributions of the paper is its technique to realization innovation improvement patterns by studying variations between analytical investigation and copyright implementation.

However, there are remarkable restriction that support awareness. First of all, the unique practice of the Lingo algorithm for text mining collecting might limit the performance and reliability of outcomes. Future investigation could study applying clustering algorithms based on semantic evaluation for improved results. Secondly, the noted time lag between the visibility of innovation topics in research papers and copyright highlights the necessity for further study and awareness of this circumstances to improve innovation pattern prediction. Moreover, the methodology's confidence on the connection between science and innovation might limit its relevance to knowledge-detailed science innovation, increasing questions about its suitability for less knowledge-detailed domains.

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Article 01- MD Siyam Ahmed  Id- 30119440

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Article 01- MD Siyam Ahmed  Id- 30119440

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Reference: Coppola, R., & Morisio, M. (2017). Connected Car: Technologies, Issues, Future Trends. ACM Computing Surveys, 49(3), 1-36.

https://dl-acm-org.ergo.southwales.ac.uk/doi/10.1145/2971482

Review:

The article "Connected Car: Technologies, Issues, Future Trends" by Coppola and Morisio (2017) provides a comprehensive exploration of the technologies, challenges, and anticipated future trends in the realm of connected cars. This choice for assignment stems from the article's in-depth analysis and relevance in the rapidly evolving landscape of automotive technology.

The authors, Riccardo Coppola and Maurizio Morisio, demonstrate a commendable understanding of the subject matter, presenting a well-organized and insightful overview. The inclusion of various technologies driving connected cars, coupled with a thorough examination of associated issues and future trends, establishes a holistic foundation for readers keen on delving into this dynamic field.

The article's exploration of technologies such as vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, Internet of Things (IoT) integration, and cybersecurity aspects of connected cars offers a nuanced perspective. The authors adeptly balance technical details with accessible language, making the content valuable to both experts in the field and those seeking an introduction to connected car technologies.

The critical assessment of issues related to privacy, security, and interoperability provides a well-rounded view of the challenges inherent in the widespread adoption of connected cars. Such insights are invaluable for stakeholders, policymakers, and researchers navigating the ethical and regulatory dimensions of this transformative technology.

Anticipating future trends is a standout feature of the article. By exploring emerging technologies like autonomous driving, artificial intelligence, and advancements in connectivity, the authors contribute to the ongoing discourse on the trajectory of connected cars. This forward-looking approach aligns with the assignment's objective of understanding the evolving landscape of technology.

In conclusion, Coppola and Morisio's article serves as an excellent resource for anyone interested in the intersection of technology and automotive systems. Its comprehensive coverage, insightful analysis, and forward-thinking approach make it a valuable asset for assignments focusing on the technological, ethical, and future-oriented aspects of connected cars. The authors' expertise and the article's relevance in the contemporary automotive landscape make it a well-chosen reference for an in-depth exploration of this dynamic field.

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Article 02- MD Siyam Ahmed  Id- 30119440

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Article 02- MD Siyam Ahmed  Id- 30119440

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Reference: Kemery, D. C., Goldschmidt, K., & Krause, L. (2020). How Race Car Technology Keeps Babies Safe. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 52, 95-97.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0882596320300920

Review: The article "How Race Car Technology Keeps Babies Safe" by Kemery, Goldschmidt, and Krause (2020) in the Journal of Pediatric Nursing provides a unique perspective on leveraging race car technology for enhancing the safety of infants. This selection for assignment is motivated by the article's innovative approach to addressing child safety concerns through the application of advanced technology.

The authors, Dana C. Kemery, Karen Goldschmidt, and Lisa Krause, adeptly draw parallels between race car safety mechanisms and their potential application in infant car seats. This interdisciplinary approach adds a novel dimension to the discourse on child safety, making the article particularly intriguing for readers interested in the intersection of automotive technology and pediatric care.

The concise yet informative nature of the article contributes to its accessibility. The authors effectively communicate complex race car technologies and their adaptations for infant safety in a manner that is comprehensible to a diverse audience. This characteristic aligns with the assignment's objective of conveying technological concepts to a broad readership.

The focus on safety innovation is a strong point of the article. By exploring how features like energy-absorbing materials, impact-resistant structures, and harness systems from race cars can be adapted for infant car seats, the authors highlight the potential for cross-disciplinary collaboration in promoting child well-being. This innovative perspective has the potential to inspire further research and practical applications in child safety engineering.

While the article successfully introduces the concept of applying race car technology to infant safety, a more extensive exploration of real-world implementations and potential challenges could enhance its depth. Additionally, considering the publication date, further developments or applications of these concepts in the field of pediatric nursing and child safety could be explored.

In conclusion, Kemery, Goldschmidt, and Krause's article serves as a thought-provoking exploration of unconventional yet practical solutions for enhancing infant safety. Its interdisciplinary approach, accessibility, and focus on innovative adaptations make it a suitable reference for assignments seeking to integrate technological concepts into the realm of pediatric nursing. The article not only contributes to the current discourse on child safety but also opens avenues for future research and collaboration between the fields of automotive technology and pediatric care.

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Article 03- MD Siyam Ahmed  Id- 30119440

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Article 03- MD Siyam Ahmed  Id- 30119440

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Reference: Dixon, G., Hart, P. S., Clarke, C., O'Donnell, N. H., & Hmielowski, J. (2020). What drives support for self-driving car technology in the United States? Journal of Risk Research, 23(3), 275-287.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13669877.2018.1517384

Review: The article "What drives support for self-driving car technology in the United States?" by Dixon, Hart, Clarke, O'Donnell, and Hmielowski (2020) in the Journal of Risk Research explores the factors influencing public support for self-driving car technology in the United States. This choice for assignment is driven by the article's relevance in understanding the dynamics behind public acceptance of emerging technologies and its potential impact on the future of transportation.

The authors, Graham Dixon, P. Sol Hart, Christopher Clarke, Nicole H. O'Donnell, and Jay Hmielowski, employ a rigorous research methodology, combining survey data and statistical analysis, to identify key drivers of support for self-driving cars. Their findings contribute valuable insights to policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers seeking to navigate the social and psychological dimensions of technology adoption.

The strength of the article lies in its multifaceted exploration of various factors influencing support. By considering socio-demographic variables, political orientation, and trust in institutions, the authors offer a comprehensive view of the complex interplay shaping public attitudes. This holistic approach aligns with the assignment's goal of understanding the nuanced factors influencing the acceptance of self-driving car technology.

The discussion of trust and risk perception is particularly noteworthy. The authors delve into the intricate relationship between perceived risks and benefits, trust in technology developers, and overall support for self-driving cars. This nuanced analysis adds depth to the understanding of public sentiment, providing nuanced insights that extend beyond surface-level perceptions.

While the article effectively addresses various factors influencing support, a deeper exploration of cultural and regional variations could enhance its applicability. Additionally, considering the rapidly evolving nature of technology and public opinion, a discussion on the potential shifts in attitudes over time could further enrich the analysis.

In conclusion, Dixon et al.'s article presents a valuable contribution to the field of risk research and technology acceptance. Its methodological rigor, comprehensive exploration of influencing factors, and emphasis on trust and risk perception make it an apt reference for assignments exploring the public reception of self-driving car technology. The findings not only shed light on the current landscape but also provide a foundation for anticipating and addressing challenges in the ongoing evolution of autonomous vehicle adoption.

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Article 03- MD Siyam Ahmed  Id- 30119440

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Article 03- MD Siyam Ahmed  Id- 30119440

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Reference: Matamoros de Luis, M., Argüelles Cruz, A. J., Uriarte Arcia, A. V., & Yáñez Márquez, C. (2015). Green Information Technology influence on car owners’ behavior: Considerations for their operative support in collaborative eLearning and social networks. Computers in Human Behavior, 51, 792-802.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563214007031

Review:

The article "Green Information Technology influence on car owners’ behavior: Considerations for their operative support in collaborative eLearning and social networks" by Matamoros de Luis et al. (2015) in Computers in Human Behavior provides a comprehensive exploration of the impact of Green Information Technology (IT) on car owners' behavior, with a focus on collaborative eLearning and social networks. This choice for assignment is driven by the article's relevance in understanding the potential role of technology in promoting environmentally friendly behaviors in the automotive context.

The authors, Mario Matamoros de Luis, Amadeo J. Argüelles Cruz, Abril V. Uriarte Arcia, and Cornelio Yáñez Márquez, employ a multi-dimensional approach, combining elements of Green IT, collaborative eLearning, and social networks. This interdisciplinary perspective is particularly valuable for assignments seeking to explore the intersection of technology, environmental sustainability, and human behavior.

The strength of the article lies in its consideration of operative support for environmentally conscious behavior. By examining the influence of Green IT on car owners, the authors address a contemporary challenge in fostering eco-friendly practices within the automotive domain. The integration of collaborative eLearning and social networks as mechanisms for support adds depth to the analysis, acknowledging the role of education and social influence in shaping behavior.

The article's emphasis on the potential positive impact of technology on environmentally responsible behavior aligns with contemporary discussions on sustainability. The findings contribute not only to the understanding of individual behaviors but also offer insights into strategies for leveraging technology to promote a more sustainable automotive culture.

While the article effectively addresses the theoretical framework and potential influence of Green IT, a more extensive exploration of practical applications and case studies could enhance its applicability. Additionally, considering the evolving landscape of technology since 2015, an update on recent developments in Green IT and its impact on car owners' behavior would further contribute to the assignment's current relevance.

In conclusion, Matamoros de Luis et al.'s article offers a valuable contribution to the intersection of Green IT, collaborative eLearning, and social networks within the automotive context. Its interdisciplinary approach, consideration of operative support, and emphasis on fostering environmentally conscious behavior make it a suitable reference for assignments exploring the potential of technology in promoting sustainability within the automotive industry. The findings not only add to the theoretical understanding but also provide a foundation for practical strategies in cultivating a greener automotive culture.