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Sporothrix schenckii is a dimorphic fungus. In its saprophytic stage or when cultured at 25°C, it assumes a filamentous form, composed of hyaline, septate hyphae 1 to 2 μm wide, with conidiogenous cells arising from undifferentiated hyphae forming conidia in groups on small, clustered denticles.

Morphological description: Colonies at 25C, are slow growing, moist and glabrous, with a wrinkled and folded surface. Some strains may produce short aerial hyphae and pigmentation may vary from white to cream to black.

Sporotrichosis is a cutaneous infection caused by the saprophytic mold Sporothrix schenckii. Pulmonary and hematogenous involvement is uncommon. Symptoms are cutaneous nodules that spread via lymphatics and break down into abscesses and ulcers.

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Sporothix schenckii globose, oval, or “cigar-shaped” yeast, 2–6 μm in diameter, but occasionally up to 10 μm (Fig. 5-33). Rarely, hyphae may be seen in the epidermis or in solid lesions from disseminated sporotrichosis.

Morphology. Sporothrix schenckii is a dimorphic fungus. In its saprophytic stage or when cultured at 25°C, it assumes a filamentous form, composed of hyaline, septate hyphae 1 to 2 μm wide, with conidiogenous cells arising from undifferentiated hyphae forming conidia in groups on small, clustered denticles.

Sporotrichosis is a cutaneous infection caused by the saprophytic mold Sporothrix schenckii. Pulmonary and hematogenous involvement is uncommon. Symptoms are cutaneous nodules that spread via lymphatics and break down into abscesses and ulcers. Diagnosis is by culture

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The dimorphic fungus Blastomyces dermatitidis grows as a yeast at 37°C and as a mycelial form at room temperature. Although not much is known about these species, they most likely exist in warm, damp soil in forested areas that are abundant in organic waste. B. It is typical for hunters and outdoor enthusiasts to have dermatitidis. Under a microscope, the yeast cells of this fungus have a thick wall that is frequently referred to as a "double wall," are multinucleate, and measure 8–12 µm in diameter. The greatest distinguishing feature of the yeast form is that budding cells display broad-based budding, which is defined as a broad base of attachment between a cell and its bud.Chronic pulmonary blastomycosis symptoms and radiographic findings are non-specific and might be mistaken for other illnesses including tuberculosis or lung neoplasms. Fever, chronic cough, hemoptysis, night sweats, anorexia, weight loss, and malaise are some of the symptoms that may manifest.

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B. dermatitis, In damp, decomposing, acidic organic matter—often near rivers—and in soil enhanced with animal excrement, B. dermatitidis forms as a mold at room temperature. Inhaled spores transform into huge, invasive yeasts (15–20 micrometers) in the lungs, where they form distinctive broad-based buds.Blastomyces dermatitidis is the fungus that causes blastomycosis. After spores are inhaled, it manifests as a lung infection and can either be asymptomatic or have extremely serious, perhaps fatal consequences such as acute respiratory distress syndrome.

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The agents responsible for The agents responsible for coccidioidomycosis are Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii. These are dimorphic ascomycetes that form barrel-shaped arthroconidia in both the environment and culture. They grow as filamentous molds. Coccidioides generates thick-walled structures called spherules in infected tissues and in specific liquid growth mediums. These spherules replicate by endosporulation. The coccidioidomycosis-causing organism, Coccidioides immitis, is indigenous to regions of Latin America and the Southwest of the United States. Once the mycelia are inhaled by a susceptible host, primary infection occurs. After entering the host, spherules form and subsequently release endospores.16,59 One to three weeks after infection, pulmonary symptoms appear. Cytologic analysis of the spherules, which resemble refractile double-walled structures, is the basis for diagnosing this disease.54 Amphotericin B and ketoconazole or itraconazole are the recommended treatments, which are based on those for cats with coccidioidomycosis.

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The fungus Histoplasma capsulatum is a dimorphic species. It is known as Ajellomyces capsulatus in its sexual state. Both disseminated and pulmonary histoplasmosis may result from it. ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎‎‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎H. capsulatum is an ascomycetous fungus closely related to Blastomyces dermatitidis. It is potentially sexual, and its sexual state, Ajellomyces capsulatus, can readily be produced in culture, though it has not been directly observed in nature. H. capsulatum groups with B. dermatitidis and the South American pathogen Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in the recently recognized fungal family Ajellomycetaceae. It is dimorphic and switches from a mould-like (filamentous) growth form in the natural habitat to a small, budding yeast form in the warm-blooded animal host.  ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎‎Morphology: H. capsulatum has a mold or mycelial form and a yeast morphology (Nosanchuk and Gacser 2008). The mycelial phase is primarily present in the environment, in nitrogen enriched soil which is the case when it is contaminated with bird or bat droppings.

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Cryptococcus neoformans is a spherical, encapsulated, non-myceliated, non-fermenting fungal cell. Among pathogenic fungi, C. neoformans is unique in that it possesses a mucinous capsule. Small-sized basidiospores (1.8 to 3.0 μm) can turn into yeast cells, the form preferred at 37°C, or can form dikaryotic hyphae which are favoured at 24°C. C. neoformans causes fatal meningitis primarily in immunosuppressed humans. It is usually found in tissues in the yeast form. The yeast cells are dry, mildly encapsulated, and light, making them easy to aerosolize. In culture, they produce whitish mucoid colonies which are spherically budding cells 5–10 μm in diameter and are surrounded by a thick nonstaining capsule.

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Characteristics Penicillium marneffei At room temperature it grows as a mould with red to black conidia whereas in tissue it forms a 3–5-µm yeast-like cell that divides by binary fission.) Penicillin meneffei Like a number of other fungal pathogens, P. marneffei exhibits temperature-dependent dimorphic growth and grows in two distinct cellular morphologies, hyphae at 25°C and yeast cells at 37°C. Associated disease Talaromycosis is an infection caused by the fungus Talaromyces marneffei.

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Characteristic of (molds)are initially white and become blue-green, gray-green, olive-gray, yellow or pinkish with time. Multicellular fungi are composed of filaments called hyphae. Hyphae may contain internal crosswalls, called septa, that divide the hyphae into separate cells. Morphology At room temperature it grows as a mould with red to black conidia.  Associated disease Penicillium marneffei is an emerging pathogenic fungus that can cause a fatal systemic mycosis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). 

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Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Yeast form(37c). Presence of multiple budding yeast cells. In vivo- in human host and experimental animals. In vitro- cultures are kept at 37ос. On suitable enriched media at 35-37oc within 1 week, yeast like colonies grown. Morphology: It appears as spherical cells of 5 to more than 30 µm in diameter, with a thick and well-defined refringent cell wall and several peripheral buds (the pilot well).Paracoccidioidomycosis, specifically in its yeast form, is associated with the disease known as paracoccidioidomycosis, or simply PCM. It is a systemic fungal infection caused by the fungus Paracoccidioides.

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Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a dimorphic fungus. The yeast-like form of P. brasiliensis grows well in brain heart agar at 37°C. It appears as spherical cells of 5 to more than 30 µm in diameter, with a thick and well-defined refringent cell wall and several peripheral buds (the pilot well).Morphology:- Paracoccidioides spp., are considered dimorphic fungi depending on temperature to change their shape-The mycelial form of P. brasiliensis grows in Sabouraud dextrose-agar at 25°C. Microscopically, these colonies exhibit branched, septate, hyaline hyphae 2 to 3 µm in diameter, with numerous intercalated or terminal chlamiconidia. ( Ultrastructural studies have shown that yeast cells of P. brasiliensis are multinucleated.The mold form of Paracoccidioides is associated with the same disease, paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM). This systemic fungal infection can manifest with various symptoms, primarily affecting the lungs but potentially spreading to other organs.

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GROUP 3 LICOT, CAGADOC, HERNANDO, MANLANGIT, PADIE

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Group 4 (Calantuan, Abutin, De Gala, Ramirez)