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The northern economy was industrial. Most of the work was done in factories. The southern economy was agriculture. They produced cotton and tobacco using slaves. The Union made more food than the Confederates. The Union also had better transportation through railroads and shipping ports.

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In the Civil War, they primarily used riffles for weapons. Amputations were the most common way to treat wounds because they didn't have good medications. Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson were Confederate generals. Ulysses S. Grant was a Union general.

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The Union's strategy was the Anaconda Plan. The plan was to surround the South so that they could import food or supplies. They also planned to block off the South from the Mississipi River and control it. The Confederates planned to break the Union's blckades to water so they could continue to sell cotton and import supplies and food. The second part of their plan was to gain allies. Their third and final part of their plan was to conquer Washingron DC. The first wo years of the war, neither side had the upper hand, but the South weakened as the war went on. The South's plan did not work. In 1864, General Sherman led and attack that caused Robert E. Lee to surrender, winning the war.

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Bull Run was the first major battle in the war and started on July 21, 1861, in Manasses, Virginia. Manasses was an important location because it was a railroad junction. The northern general a made serious mistake. The northern general, Irvin McDowell, made an overly complicated plan that was based on an inaccurate map, leading the north to lose the battle. Shiloh was a very deadly battle in Tennessee. The Confederates launched a surprise attack on the Union. The Union general, Ulysses S. Grant, led the Union to victory, taking over the Mississippi River.

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At first, the Civil War was not going well for the Union. Robert E. Lee led an invasion in Maryland on the Union. The Union general, George McClellan, attacked the Confederates in Sharpsburg, Maryland. They made the Confederates leave, but they didn't attack Lee, which would have led to a clearer victory. After the Union victory, Lincoln announced the Proclamation of Emancipation. The Proclamation of Emancipation declared that all people are counted as part of their state and are free. The proclamation did not set slaves free because Lincoln didn't want to anger the border states. It only applied to the Confederate states, but they were already ignoring all the U.S. laws. The Proclamation of Emancipation was a very important step in abolishing slavery.

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Confederate general, Stonewall Jackson, lost his left arm, and later died of pneumonia. Another Confederate general, Robert E. Lee was sad about the loss, but later launched an invasion in Pennsylvania to gather supplies. The Battle of Gettysburg would determine whether or not the Confederates would be successful in their invasion. The Union won the battle after three days, turning the tables in the war. A cemetery was later dedicated to the battle. The battle was the deadliest in the war.

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Ulysses S. Grant, Union general, took control. His strategy was to destroy the railroads to cut off the supplies. The Union forces surrounded the Confederates, trapping them. Their strategy worked and the Confederates starved. The Confederates surrendered after a few days.

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The Confederates refused to surrender, even after multiple losses to the Union. Union general, William Sherman, won Atlanta, Georgia. Before Sherman left Atlanta, he ordered his men to burn down anything that could be helpful to the Confederates so that they couldn't use it to their advantage. After Lincoln was reelected, Sherman took troops and marched to Atlanta Georgia. They took food and burned everything that could be helpful to the Confederates. This scared the Confederates.

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Ulysses S. Grant started to push towards Richmond, Virginia, the Confederate capital. They fought many battles, and in each, the Confederates attacked and then retreated. This slowed down the Union. Both sides lost many soldiers at battle. Grant realized that the Union woulnd't be able to attack Richmond directly, so he decidedd to move the army to Petersburg. The battle lasted over ten months. The Union's strategy was to cut off the South's supply lines, and it worked. The Confederates were forced to leave Petersburg which left Richmond defenseless. Robert E. Lee attempted to meet with Joeseph Johnson, but Grant blocked the meeting. Grant offered Lee a chance to surrender and Lee did. After a few weeks, the other southern troops surrendered as well, ending the war.

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Lincoln delivered his second inaugural address which was one of the most famous speeches. It was about unifying the U.S. and coming together. Lincoln was invited to attend a play in Washintong D.C. He went up to his seat on the balcony to watch the play. John Booth snuck onto the balcony, and as the audience laughed, he shot Lincoln. One of Lincoln's guests, Major Rathbone, tried to catch Booth, but Booth cut him with a knife and jumped off the balcony. No one noticed that Lincoln was injured until his wife screamed. Doctors rushed to help him, but it didn't work and he died the next morning. Booth escaped on a horse and hid in a barn, but he was tracked down. He refused to surrender and died a few days later. The vice president, Andrew Johnson, took over Lincoln job of president.