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The French and Indian War Explanation for kids.

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People thought that it was unfair that they were getting tax without a popular consent. (So at a Boston town meeting in May 1764, local leader Samuel Adams agreed with Otis. He believed that Parliament could not tax the colonists without their permission. The ideas of Otis and Adams were summed up in the slogan “No Taxation without Representation,” which spread through- out the colonies.) pg 107

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This act required colonists to pay for an official stamp, or seal, when they bought paper items. The tax had to be paid on legal documents, licenses, news- papers, pamphlets, and even playing cards. Colonists who refused to buy stamps could be fined or sent to jail.

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In June 1767 Parliament passed the Townshend Acts. These acts placed duties on glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea. To enforce the Townshend Acts, British officials used writs of assistance. These allowed

tax collectors to search for smuggled goods. Colonists hated the new laws because they took power away from colonial governments.

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Parliament agreed and passed the Tea Act in 1773, which allowed the British East India Company to sell tea directly to the colonists. Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the British East India Company’s cheap tea would put them out of business. Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India Company demanded that the ships leave. But the governor of Massachusetts would

not let the ships leave without paying the duty. Unsure of what to do, the captains waited in the harbor. On the night of December 16, 1773, colonists disguised as Native Americans sneaked onto the three tea-filled ships and dumped over 340

tea chests into Boston Harbor. This event became known as the Boston Tea Party.

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2nd June 1774: The Quartering Act, the fourth of the Intolerable Acts, passed by British Parliament

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To many colonists the closing of Boston Harbor was the final insult in a long list of abuses. In response to the mounting crisis, all the colonies except Georgia sent representatives to a meeting in October 1774. This meeting, known as the First Continental Congress, was a gathering of colonial leaders who were deeply troubled about the relationship between Great Britain and its colonies in America. On the other hand, delegates from Pennsylvania

and New York had strict orders to seek peace.

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British military leaders in the colonies grew

uneasy when local militias seemed to be preparing for action. The governor of Massachusetts, Thomas Gage, learned that a stockpile of weapons was stored in Concord. He also heard that colonial leaders Samuel Adams and John Hancock were meeting in nearby Lexington. Gage thought he had kept his plan a secret. However, Boston was full of spies for the Patriot cause. They noticed the British were preparing for action and quickly informed the Patriots. Unsure of how the British would strike, Sons of Liberty member Paul Revere enlisted the aid of Robert Newman. If they rowed across the Charles River, Newman would display two lanterns.

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The Declaration of Independence: What's important for Civics