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The findings of the study reveal a diverse range of perceptions regarding the roles of paraprofessionals. Some participants felt their primary responsibility was managing student behavior, while others emphasized their role in delivering instructional support or personal care. Additionally, the study highlighted the emotional toll faced by many paraprofessionals due to a lack of professional recognition and respect. The authors acknowledge the limitations of their sample size and the subjective nature of qualitative research. They recommend that schools establish clearer role definitions, enhance training opportunities, and recognize paraprofessionals as key members of the educational team. The conclusion calls for future research to explore better ways to integrate paraprofessionals into school settings.

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By trying to help students, educators may be harming and denying them some of the problem-solving and coping skills they need to act independently. It becomes even more critical in those high-stakes testing environments where teaching to the test involves narrowing the focus of learning to immediate academic performance instead of holistic student growth.

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Instructional Aides and Paraprofessionals in a General Education Classroom

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Instructional Aides and Paraprofessionals in a General Education Classroom

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Many paraprofessionals expressed feelings of frustration over the lack of clarity surrounding their duties and the recognition they receive, highlighting the need for improved communication and support systems within schools. The study highlights the need for clearer role definitions and improved support for paraprofessionals to ensure they can effectively contribute to students' learning and well-being (Mason et al., 2023). These findings emphasize the importance of rethinking how paraprofessionals are trained and valued within the educational syste

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Paraprofessionals, also known as paraeducators or teaching assistants, are education support personnel who work under the supervision of licensed teachers or other certified professionals. They provide direct and indirect assistance to students, aiding in instruction, behavior management, and day-to-day classroom activities.

Collaboration and Communication With Teachers: Paraprofessionals work closely with classroom teachers to execute lesson plans, implement strategies, and monitor student progress.

With Specialists: They collaborate with speech therapists, occupational therapists, and other specialists to ensure continuity in delivering interventions.

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Paraprofessionals play a vital role in education, particularly within classrooms, by providing essential support to teachers and enhancing the learning experience for students. They assist in delivering instruction, managing classroom behavior, and offering individualized support, which is particularly important for students with diverse needs, including those with disabilities or English language learners. In collaboration with teachers, paraprofessionals help implement lesson plans, facilitate activities, and monitor student progress, thereby fostering an inclusive and supportive learning environment. Their presence allows teachers to focus on differentiated instruction, leading to more personalized learning experiences. To maximize their effectiveness, ongoing professional development and clear communication between paraprofessionals and educators are essential.

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1. Mason, R. A., Gunersel, A. B., Irvin, D. W., Wills, H. P., Gregori, E., An, Z. G., & Ingram, P. B. (2021). From the Frontlines: Perceptions of Paraprofessionals’ Roles and Responsibilities. Teacher Education and Special Education, 44(2), 97-116. https://doi.org/10.1177/0888406419896627

2. Citation: Author(s). (2020). Improving the delivery of special education services: Examining communication among teachers, para-educators, and an educational cooperative. Humanities and Social Sciences Reviews, 8(4), 206-215. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.8433

3. Marks, S. U., Schrader, C., & Levine, M. (1999). Paraeducator experiences in inclusive settings: Helping, hovering, or holding their own? Exceptional Children, 65(3), 315–328. This study discusses the dynamic between paraprofessionals and students, analyzing how different support models can lead to either dependence or independence in students with disabilities.

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View this short video for a description about peer support arrangements. Peer support networks between peers creates opportunities for inclusion and collaboration that benefit students with extensive support needs and their general education peers.

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Peer Support Arrangements Intervention Guide

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Peer Support Arrangements Intervention Guide

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Use this checklist to consider who in your classroom might benefit from building a peer support network. Which mentor students would thrive in this leadership position? Which students with significant support needs would benefit from more independence and friendship? Which para would be artful in moderating these support networks?

https://www.education.uw.edu/ibestt/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Peer-Support-Arrangements.pdf

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Abstract

We compare traditional paraprofessional delivery methods and the concerns that arise when a para oversteps a students’ support needs. We review learned helplessness, resilience, and the socioemotional impact of a students' access to peer engagement. We conclude with an exploration of peer support arrangements. We investigate how paras can be reformulated as moderators of peer support arrangements, fostering an age-appropriate system of community for students with and without extensive support needs.

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In conclusion, Marks, Schrader, and Levine's (1999) study provides valuable insights into the role of paraeducators in inclusive settings. By examining the dynamics of support models, the authors contribute to a deeper understanding of how these relationships can shape the educational experiences of students with disabilities. Their findings advocate for intentional training and collaboration to ensure that paraeducators can effectively empower students, fostering an educational atmosphere that promotes independence and success.