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Dyslexia is a neurological condition that makes it difficult to read, hard to spell accurately, and preform adequate writing tasks. This different wiring of the brain has no bearing on the intelligence of someone with a dyslexia diagnosis. There is no cure for dyslexia and individuals with this condition must learn coping strategies.

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Signs and Symptoms for a Possible Dyslexia Diagnosis

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Signs and Symptoms for a Possible Dyslexia Diagnosis

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Signs to be on the lookout for when assessing a possible dyslexia diagnosis:

1. Prolonged difficulty recognizing letters, sounds of letters, confusing letters that look alike, such as "b" and "d," and learning or remembering letter names.

2. Inconsistent spelling, adding or omitting letters, and consistently writing words or letters backwards.

3. Frequent reading mistakes and failing to understand what has been read either aloud by someone else or read by the student.

4. Consistent slow reading pace, despite short or simple text, extra support and help.

5. Poor phonological awareness such as trouble with rhyming and/or identifying sounds in words.

6. Trouble following directions, learning the alphabet in order or the sequence of the days of the week.

7. Extremely slow writing speed and illegible handwriting.

8. Absolute terror to read aloud in class settings and very resistant to close people they trust for non-judgement like a parent or sibling.

9. Difficulty learning to speak because they stumble or pause to find the right word they want to say, often verbalizing, "it's on the tip of my tongue." This happens because word recall and sound combinations related to the word are more than difficult, instead replacing the word they are looking for with, "stuff" or "thing."

10. Memorizing numbers and number facts causing inequities in performing order of operations difficulty in remembering and applying the correct order of operations in calculations, organizing work.

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This short video explains dyslexia in a way that accentuates how students with dyslexia are visual and conceptual learners, how through a good work ethic success can be achieved for those with dyslexia, and how empowering children with dyslexia can be with the right support. This statement in the video, "...She took away the real disability which was the shame and embarrassment," strongly advocates how powerful the support provided for children who struggle with reading or those with dyslexia can be.

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Myth #1. Reading and writing letters backwards is the main sign of dyslexia.

Fact #1. Only SOME children diagnosed with dyslexia read words and write letters backwards. Even children that don't have dyslexia write and read letters backwards.

Myth #2. Dyslexia doesn't show up till elementary school.

Fact #2. Dyslexia is there at birth; it usually just isn't discovered until elementary schooling begins.

Myth #3. If children with dyslexia would just try harder to read, that would make all the difference for better reading outcomes.

Fact #3. Research proves that kids with dyslexia have a brain that functions differently and that reading, over a period of time, can change how the brain functions.

Myth #4. Dyslexia goes away once children learn to read.

They are cured.

Fact #4. Intervention plays a huge role in helping kids with dyslexia learn to read, however it is never cured, it is a lifelong learning difference that can affect more than basic reading skills.

Myth #5. Dyslexia is a vision problem.

Fact #5. No single child with dyslexia is more prone to vision problems than any other child. It is true, however that a child may have trouble with visual perception or processing because the brain has trouble recognizing details and processing what the eyes are seeing correctly.

Myth #6. Dyslexia only happens to English learners.

Fact #6. Dyslexia happens in all languages all over the world to all economic statuses.

Myth #7. Dyslexia is caused by not enough reading at home.

Fact #7. Dyslexia is a neurological condition that no amount of reading can fix. It is important to expose children to reading regardless of dyslexia, but limited amounts of exposure do not cause dyslexia.

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The links provided in this video are in another section, so no need to click on those here.

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Support for children with dyslexia and how multisensory instruction helps them succeed in learning outcomes.

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Why does Multi Sensory Learning Work for Dyslexics?

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Orton Gillingham - 9 strategies that can help children with dyslexia learn to read.

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What Are 9 Key Features of Orton-Gillingham Reading Approach?

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DYSLEXIA BASICS - International Dyslexia Association

https://youtu.be/yLMbjWwp4ZI

Dyslexia Guidance Documents

https://youtu.be/tZ3MFFPvS3w

Understanding Dyslexia and How to Help Kids Who Have It

Understanding Dyslexia: Myth vs. Facts | National Center on Improving Literacy

Conditions Related to Dyslexia: ADHD, Autism, Depression, and More

https://childmind.org/article/understanding-dyslexia/

The Most Common Comorbidities with Dyslexia

https://youtu.be/N5sh-RTcBuY

https://youtu.be/wa28W8Un5qk

https://youtu.be/UiVwAAbHpu8

Bing Videos

Bing Videos

https://youtu.be/3aL8Vpuntm4

Dyslexia Support Groups - Learning Differentiated

Dyslexia Help for children | Dyslexia Games by Thinking Tree Books

Our 10 Best 12pcs Dyslexia Tools for in the US - November 2024 | BestProductsReviews.com

https://youtu.be/ZA2JVzacdGg

PBIS Resources Guide | CPI

https://youtu.be/N6ZgYDt6S7Q

https://youtu.be/kdglwrsYVKY

https://youtu.be/MqDCzObWhds

https://youtu.be/gtFKNPrJhJ4

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Having a child diagnosed with dyslexia can be a traumatic experience. While dyslexia can make reading more difficult, with the right instruction, almost all individuals with dyslexia can learn to read. Many people with dyslexia have gone on to accomplish great things. Among the many dyslexia success stories are Thomas Edison, Stephen Spielberg, F. Scott Fitzgerald and Charles Schwab.

Dyslexia is a neurological condition caused by a different wiring of the brain. There is no cure for dyslexia and individuals with this condition must learn coping strategies. Research indicates that dyslexia has no relationship to intelligence. Individuals with dyslexia are neither more nor less intelligent than the general population. But some say the way individuals with dyslexia think can actually be an asset in achieving success.

In public school settings where many teachers are not knowledgeable about this condition, students with dyslexia may be considered stupid or lazy. Parents who have children diagnosed with dyslexia should seek out reading instruction that is based upon a systematic and explicit understanding of language structure, including phonics. This reading instruction goes by many names, Structured Literacy, Orton- Gillingham, Simultaneous Multisensory, Explicit Phonics, and others (See IDA's fact sheet Effective Reading Instruction n ). If you think you or your child may be dyslexic, you can take IDA's test which will evaluate the chance that you have this condition.

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Dyslexia At a Glance - International Dyslexia Association

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Having a child diagnosed with dyslexia can be a traumatic experience. While dyslexia can make reading more difficult, with the right instruction, almost all

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Common over-lapping disorders with dyslexia.

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Common over-lapping disorders with dyslexia.

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A list of common co-occurring disorders related to dyslexia, but not all-inclusive, are listed below with explanations.

Auditory Processing Disorder- Not being able to process the amount of verbal communication heard. In other words, only understanding 30 of the 50 words spoken.

ADHD- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder symptoms include inability to focus or pay attention, excessive movement in inappropriate settings, poor impulse control, excessive talking, and disruptive in all scenarios.

Autism Spectrum Disorder- Is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of deficient reciprocal social communication and the presence of restricted, repetitive, and inflexible patterns of behavior.

Vision Processing Disorder- Makes it difficult for the brain to process and interpret visual information. Example: coloring in the lines, distinguishing between foreground and background, difficulty judging size, position, and form, etc.

Poor Working Memory- Difficulty with multi-step instructions, poor organization, easily distracted, test anxiety, and constant misplacement of commonly used items such as a cell phone, keys, or pencil.

Aphasia- Affects a person's ability to communicate verbally and with written language. After the root issue has been identified and treated, if necessary, the main treatment for aphasia is speech therapy.

Dyscalculia- Difficulty learning or comprehending arithmetic such as numbers, numeracy, how to manipulate numbers, performing mathematical calculations, and learning facts in mathematics.

Dysgraphia- A neurological disorder that impairs the ability to expression by writing, known commonly as illegible handwriting and coherence issues.

Left-Right Disorder- Commonly known as LRC, left-right confusion or directional dyslexia. The inability to accurately differentiate between left and right for a lifetime. There are strategies to help mitigate this, such as the phrase "lefty loosie, righty tighty!" I personally learned that right is the hand I write with so obviously the other hand is left!

Dyspraxia- Instability in physical motions such as delays in walking, sitting, crawling, or jumping as marked by clumsiness in otherwise perfectly healthy beings. Fine motor skills could be impacted making things like tying shoes difficult.

Depression and/or Anxiety- Could be clinically diagnosed or it may just be experienced because of frustration, low self-esteem, bullying issues, and/or behavioral and discipline issues.

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 How common are accompanying diagnosis with dyslexia?

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 How common are accompanying diagnosis with dyslexia?

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Read this article about multiple diagnoses and how they relate to dyslexia. It is pretty incredible how dyslexia can be overlapped with so many other different diagnoses!

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Identifying dyslexia can be more complicated when other health or developmental conditions are also present. As an educator or clinician, you're asked to find out if a reading difficulty is the result of dyslexia or some other condition that changes how the brain works. For example, is a student feeling anxiety because reading is so hard, or is anxiety keeping a student from reading with ease?

This article may help you map the shared territory, differentiating factors, and key questions to ask as you make your way through a comprehensive dyslexia evaluation.

Roughly 60% of those with dyslexia have at least one other diagnosis (Darweesh et al., 2020). Researchers have found that conditions co-occur because of the specific way biological, environmental, and protective factors interact in people's bodies and in their lives (Moll et al., 2020).

Here are some ideas to bear in mind:

A single risk factor, such as family income level or genetic differences, may lead to deficits in different areas.

Symptoms from multiple conditions can overlap. For example, problems with working memory are linked to both ADHD and dyslexia.

Conditions can develop independently of each other or one condition may develop as a result of another.

When people have more than one condition at the same time, the effects of each condition tend to be more severe (Willcutt et al., 2020).

Here's a brief overview of the conditions most commonly associated with reading disorders like dyslexia.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

ADHD is the most common neurodevelopmental condition to occur alongside dyslexia. Between 25% and 40% of those with one condition also have the other (McGrath & Stoodley, 2019).

Other specific learning disorders (SLDs)

In studies, between 30% and 47% of those with dyslexia also have dysgraphia symptoms (Chung et al., 2020). Around 26% of those with dyslexia have symptoms of dyscalculia. Dysgraphia and dyscalculia can also occur together-around 36% of the time (Ashraf & Najam, 2020).

Developmental language disorder (DLD) or specific language impairment (SLI)

A 2019 study published in Child Development found that 43% of 8-year-old children with DLD also had dyslexia and 58% of children with dyslexia had DLD. With DLD/SLI, phonological difficulties may improve over time, but comprehension problems might continue.

Learn more about how sex and gender can influence diagnosis of DLD.

Anxiety

Studies show that around 21% of students with SLDs also have anxiety disorder (Visser et al., 2020). Researchers think there is a two-way relationship between anxiety and dyslexia.

When students are anxious, brain functions such as processing speed, visual attention, and task-switching abilities don't work as well. That's why a person with an anxiety disorder may develop reading difficulties. It's also true that students who are having reading difficulties become anxious when they're asked to read.

Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) or conduct disorder (CD)

For some people, behavior disorders make it harder to learn to read. For others, reading difficulties can eventually lead to behavior problems. An accurate picture can be hard to piece together, especially if symptoms of ADHD are also present (Hendren et al., 2018).

Autism

Researchers estimate that autism and reading disorders overlap 6%-30% of the time. It's important to note that when autistic students have difficulty with reading comprehension, it is not usually related to decoding problems (Hendren et al., 2018).

Explore the WPS Guide to Autism Assessments and Resources.

Disabilities

When someone has a disability, its characteristics may affect the ability to read. For example, in one recent study, researchers found similar difficulties with word reading, non-word reading, and spelling among deaf students and students with dyslexia (Herman et al., 2019). Similarly, studies have shown that schizophrenia affects phonological processing, reading rate, vocabulary, working memory, and word reading (Vanova et al., 2020).

It's important to understand as much as possible about someone's background and their daily functioning so you can separate the effects of a disability from the construct you're measuring.
Are Your Assessments Equitable for People with Disabilities? Learn more here.
Here are a few ways to differentiate between dyslexia and other common conditions.

Difficulties with fluency, accuracy, and comprehension

Avoidance of reading

Difficulties with comprehension

For some, language impairment

Is there an underlying language impairment?

Does the student have difficulty decoding words and nonsense words?

Does the student work extra hard to read accurately ? (Hendren et al., 2018)

Attention difficulties, anxiety, task avoidance, reading difficulties in grades 3 and up-especially accuracy (Castro et al., 2020)

Do behavior difficulties occur primarily when academic or reading tasks are happening?

Did behavior difficulties begin before school age?

Dyslexia & dyscalculia:

Difficulties with visual working memory and task shifting, anxiety, lower self-esteem, distraction, or attention difficulties

Dyslexia & dysgraphia:

Difficulties with spelling, orthographic awareness, and rapid automatized naming (Chung et al., 2020)

Has the student received evidence-based instruction in the specific area of deficit?

Which specific skills present difficulties for the student?

Does the student have mild motor differences, which may link dysgraphia and dyslexia?

Students with DLD/SLI tend to do better on measures of orthographic processing, reading, semantics, and phonological memory than students with reading disorders alone (Spanoudis et al., 2019).

Can the student recognize orthographic patterns? This skill is not impaired in DLD/SLI alone.

Are auditory perception, verbal working memory, or processing speed impaired? Deficits could indicate DLD/SLI.

Are executive or motor issues also involved in preschool students? Deficits could point to DLD/SLI (Spanoudis et al., 2019).

Are fatigue or loss of sleep affecting a student's functioning?

Do anxiety interventions improve any reading skills?

Does the student experience anxiety only when asked to read?

Other key questions:

When did reading difficulties begin?

Do symptoms stay the same across different settings and contexts?

Do dyslexia symptoms change when the other condition is treated?

If a student has a psychological or physical disability, does it affect skills related to reading or taking assessments?

It can take time, experience, and a keen eye to discern between dyslexia and commonly co-occurring conditions. When you're clear about dyslexia comorbidity, you'll be better able to work with the student, their family, and your team to focus and prioritize interventions.
Download the WPS Dyslexia Assessment Tool Kit.
DYSLEXIA RESOURCES

Further Reading on Dyslexia

Check Out our Dyslexia Webinars

Check out our Dyslexia Assessment Toolkit
https://www.wpspublish.com/dyslexia-assessment-tool-kit
Do you have questions? Check out our Dyslexia FAQs

Research and Resources:

Darweesh, A. M., Elserogy, Y. M., Khalifa, H., Gabra, R. H. & El-Ghafour, M. A. (2020). Psychiatric comorbidity among children and adolescents with dyslexia.  Middle East Current Psychiatry   , 28. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-020-00035-y

Moll, K., Snowling, M. J., & Hulme, C., (2020). Introduction to the Special Issue "Comorbidities between reading disorders and other developmental disorders." Scientific Studies of Reading , , 1-6, DOI: 10.1080/10888438.2019.1702045

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The Most Common Comorbidities with Dyslexia

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A dyslexia comorbidity is the crossing of two or more conditions including ADHD, anxiety, autism, and more. Read our overview and assessment guide.

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Resources to Help Children with Dyslexia

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Resources to Help Children with Dyslexia

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Dyslexia Help for children | Dyslexia Games by Thinking Tree Books

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​

Visual thinkers are full of talent

but have a unique way of learning!

They may excel in art, music,

sports and creativity, but fail in school.

Try Dyslexia Games

For Ages 5 and Up!

Help your student to overcome

reading, writing, memory

and spelling problems.

Just 15 to 20 Minutes a Day.

"I am a former public school elementary teacher who worked primarily with kids that had print disabilities. I know all the latest literature, all the tricks and have taught pretty much every dyslexia curriculum out there. Yet, my 7 year old could not read. She was clearly dyslexic, and she knew all her sounds. Yet, we had been working on "the" since kindergarten and she still hadn't mastered it. I bought Dyslexia Games, and dropped everything else we were doing for reading. We just did her "puzzle pages" and a month later, she was reading picture books. Now 3 months later she is at grade level. I cannot express my gratitude to Sarah Janisse Brown and Dyslexia Games enough." - Ashlee Geesaman

"I am so impressed by what your program is doing for some of my students. Their parents are also loving the independence of their children."

- Glenda Lourens M.Ed - Special Education Teacher/ESL Educator

"I've seen a huge difference in my daughter's reading ability from the beginning of the school year."

- Annamarie C.

Choose the right Dyslexia Games Series for your student:

How Will Dyslexia Games Help?

​If a child does not learn the way we teach,

we should teach the way they learn.

These mind training games are different from EVERYTHING you have ever tried because they focus on your student's TALENTS, not their weaknesses!

Dyslexia Games is a series of workbooks packed with learning activities that empower your student's brain with new abilities and new brain connections for literacy. Even older children, teens and adults who have been struggling for a long time can quickly build the mental skills needed to succeed in reading, writing and spelling!

The games are so intuitive that student will rarely need help from parents or teachers! This makes your job easy! Just use the books in order, and watch your student thrive! Before long he will be able to move on to normal schoolwork without the mental confusion caused by Dyslexia.

With Dyslexia Games there is NO grueling memorization, NO flash cards, NO boring text books and NO endless repetition of the same dull facts! Just fun and games for 15 to 20 minutes a day!

We consider your student's active mind and creative style to be a special gift, not a hindrance! That's why our worksheets are fun and interesting.

The pages include art games, pattern games and puzzles that require the student to tap into his natural problem solving skills and unique intelligence. Each workbook presents the student with increasingly challenging activities, while introducing him to the complexities of the written language through simple word games and poetry.

Dyslexia Games is the simplest, fastest, (and most affordable!) therapy to help your student to naturally overcome symptoms of Dyslexia, including letter reversals, poor spelling, messy handwriting, concentration problems, and reading confusion.

Help for Teens and Adults too! Check out Dyslexia Games Series C!

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help for dyslexic children. dyslexic child

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Dyslexia Help for children | Dyslexia Games by Thinking Tree Books

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​ Visual thinkers are full of talent but have a unique way of learning! They may excel in art, music, sports and creativity, but fail in school. Try Dyslexia Games For Ages 5 and Up! Help your student to overcome reading, writing, memory and spelling problems. Just 15 to 20 Minutes a Day.

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Listen Up Educators!

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Tips for Supporting Dyslexic Students in the Classroom

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Dyslexia Support Groups - Learning Differentiated

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Discover inclusive dyslexia support groups offering guidance, community, and resources. Find empowerment for you or your loved one today.

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Sometimes there are products that can help mitigate the symptoms caused by dyslexia.

Check them out!

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Our 10 Best 12pcs Dyslexia Tools For in the US - November 2024 | BestProductsReviews.com

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Easily compare & choose from the 10 best 12pcs Dyslexia Tools For for you. Don't buy a 12pcs Dyslexia Tools For in the US before reading our rankings | BestProductsReviews.com

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Learn how to help kids replace bad behaviors with good and healthy behaviors when feelings are overwhelming.

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Learn the secret to helping someone replace problem behavior with positive behavior.

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Bing Videos

An IEP is an Individualized Education Plan that addresses the needs of students about academia. What accommodations need to be offered for use by the student, such as a calculator for math quizzes or tests. Other services could include 1:1 or small group explanations or instructions, multimedia presentations of information, quiet space to do classwork, out of class time for testing, therapies, or counseling.

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A 504 plan gives a student the opportunity to have extra supports when they don't meet the requirements for an IEP.

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What is the difference between IEPs & 504 Plans?

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Overcoming Dyslexia - One Family's Story of Success

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Experience a little bit of what people with dyslexia see when reading!

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Experience a little bit of what people with dyslexia see when reading!

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This video can give you a very small glimpse into what people with dyslexia see when they are trying to read. I absolutely got dizzy and have so much more empathy for those who have any type of dyslexia!

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Anyone can be successful with the right support system, mindsets, and actions no matter the obstacles!

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Common conditions or learning disabilities associated with dyslexia

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Common conditions or learning disabilities associated with dyslexia

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Common Co-occuring Conditions With Dyslexia: Comorbidity with Dyslexia

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There are so many people who misunderstand what Dyslexia is and for good reason. Dyslexia is a complex combination of symptoms that don't all apply to every person with a diagnosis and even with a diagnosis it can look so very different for each person.

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Famous or well-known people with Dyslexia who are successful!

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Famous or well-known people with Dyslexia who are successful!

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https://youtu.be/gtFKNPrJhJ4

Success is a mindset that anyone can achieve! It is a gift not a curse that simply needs to be acknowledged. Some of the most modern thinking has come to light by someone who has Dyslexia.