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The Direct Method is a straightforward way of teaching languages that's different from traditional methods because it has one simple rule which is “no translation allowed”. Instead of teaching through the student's native language, teachers use pictures, objects, demonstrations, and actions to help students understand new words and concepts directly. Students learn by connecting words directly to what they see and hear, not by translating everything in their heads. The teacher only uses the target language in class and expects students to do the same, even from the beginning. When students have questions or don't understand something, the teacher shows them the meaning through drawings, gestures, or real objects rather than explaining it in their native language. For example, to teach the word "between," the teacher might demonstrate by standing between two students, or to explain a "mountain range," they might draw mountains on the board. Students learn grammar naturally through practice and examples rather than memorising rules, and they're encouraged to speak in full sentences from the start. Reading, writing, speaking, and pronunciation are all taught from the beginning, but strong focus on speaking and using the language actively in real conversations.

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2. A comparison between GTM and DM. Include at least two real life examples from Cambodian Education system that you know of.

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2. A comparison between GTM and DM. Include at least two real life examples from Cambodian Education system that you know of.

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The Grammar-Translation Method (GTM) and Direct Methods (DM) differ from one another. While the Direct Method's main goal is to teach students how to communicate in a target language, the Grammar-Translation Method enables students to study language and vocabulary by translating into their native language for a better comprehension. Students must study through visual aids or communicate in the target language because translation is not allowed.

In the Cambodian education system, I have observed that the Grammar-Translation Method was often used in secondary level such as in high school. Teacher would let students read the passage and collect all the difficult words and then translate those words in our native language for a better understanding. On the other hand, the Direct Methods (DM) was usually used in a higher level such as university or some private institution. They believed that using the targeted language as a translation or convey its meaning may be more beneficial to students in improving their communication.

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3. A scenario and approach of the direct method

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3. A scenario and approach of the direct method

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The scenario you are about to read is taken from the intermediate class where there are 15 students in the class. The class happens 3 times per week. This method is applied when the teacher prepares to teach the list of vocabulary about human organs. There are 12 words in the list. The following is the deatail approach which the teacher uses to teach his students.

• Vocabulary Presentation
The teacher starts off by presenting the list of the words by explaining and demonstrating the flashcards one by one to illustrate the words and the pictures next to the words to provoke students’ understanding of a particular meaning of each word using only the target language. No translation is introduced in students’ native language. At the same time, the teacher reads the words clearly and asks students to repeat to help students pick up the correct pronunciation.

• Reading Aloud
After the presentation from the teacher, students are asked to take turns to read the words aloud. When the errors in pronunciation are spotted, teachers immediately ask the students to repeat the word by giving the prompt. This flow continues until everyone is done with their reading.

• Student’s own practice
Students are instructed to take some time to remember the spellings and meanings of the words by writing the words down in their notebooks. Then, they can start asking their partners to spell the words by giving the definitions. Simultaneously, teachers are walking around the class in case his assistance is needed.

• Dictation Exercise
After they are done with their own practice, they are more than ready to test their understanding of the meanings and spellings through the dictation practice. Teacher calls out the definition of the words, and students write down the spelling along the way. At the end of this activity, the teacher knows how well students learn in this session based on students’ results.

• Paragraph Writing
Before the class ends, the teacher introduces the homework by assigning the paragraph writing task. Students are required to include the words related to human organs in their paragraph as many as possible in the correct contexts. When the students are clear with what to do for their homework, the class is dismissed.

+ Conclusion: Now, you have already read through the approach which this teacher used in his classroom setting. Also, you may have seen how well this teacher adopted this method. By learning vocabulary, students need an in-depth understanding of the meanings, spellings and pronunciation. Therefore, if you take a close in the process, this teacher can manage his teaching method really well by presenting the words, allowing students to remember the words in their own peace, providing the dictation practice, as well as assigning the paragraph writing homework for student further practice with their prior understanding from the class. However, obstacles, related time management or unpredictable questions from students, are inevitable; thus, the teachers must find effective methods to solve the arising issues accordingly.

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 4. A short reflection detailing your opinions on the Direct Method (EXPERIENCE, Thoughts, considerations…etc.)

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 4. A short reflection detailing your opinions on the Direct Method (EXPERIENCE, Thoughts, considerations…etc.)

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From our own experience on the Direct Method is a bit critical but we can see the benefit we gained from the methods. It might be difficult at first but then we got used to it because we got the chance to understand many more words in targeted language by translating the word and convey its meaning. Since, we have learnt through Grammar-Translation methods in high school we are able to compare and see the benefits from Direct Method. From our own experience on the Direct Method is a bit critical but we can see the benefit we gained from the methods. It might be difficult at first but then we got used to it because we got the chance to understand many more words in targeted language by translating the word and convey its meaning. Since, we have learnt through Grammar-Translation methods in high school we are able to compare and see the benefits from Direct Method. Although it took some time to adjust, we now feel more confident in my ability to communicate naturally. This approach has allowed me to immerse myself in the language and improve my fluency over time.

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5. Reflection on Using the Direct Method in Future Teaching

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5. Reflection on Using the Direct Method in Future Teaching

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I would like to implement the Direct Method in my future teaching to foster a more lively and collaborative learning environment. With this approach, I will help students in strengthening their language abilities in a more useful context by prioritizing dialogue and real-world scenarios. For example, I could create exercises that let students act out normal scenarios like asking for directions or going shopping or any other interesting topics which would help them become more fluent in the language and gain confidence while speaking it in real life situations. Additionally, by practicing the Direct method, I could establish a comfortable environment where kids can make errors and grow from these experiences. This strategy would work well with Cambodian culture, which values encouragement and respect toward each other, so I can inspire students to actively participate in class and take responsibility for their education by creating an experience of community. All things considered, applying the Direct Method might greatly improve my student’s language learning and prepare them for obstacles in a world that is becoming more challenging day by day.

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6. Reflection on the Direct Method in the Cambodian Education System

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6. Reflection on the Direct Method in the Cambodian Education System

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There may both advantages and disadvantages to the Direct Method's implemented in Cambodian public schools. Positively, this method focuses more on comprehensive language learning through dialogue and real-world application than on translation and memorizing, so students' speaking and listening abilities may improve as a result which leading to increased fluency and self-confidence when speaking target language that they have studied. Direct Method such a better method to prepare students for the global job market in a Cambodia nation where English is becoming more and more vital for economic prospects. However, there are also possible obstacles for public school to consider. Teachers with the necessary training who are fluent in the target language and talented at creating engaging educational settings are needed for the Direct Method, so in Cambodia context, there might be a shortage of trained teachers who can successfully apply this approach in classroom because there are so many old generation teachers. A more unpredictable and unstructured classroom setting may also be difficult for pupils who used to learn with traditional teaching methods to adjust to this new Direct Method. If not controlled appropriately, this transition may cause frustration and disengagement in educational sector.