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Modern day definition: Excessive shopping, processed foods, games, or an over indulgence in general

Modern day examples:

1. A current trend that has only gotten bigger since 2015 are Mukbangs. What used to be a way for people to feel less lonely, it slowly turned into how much food you could eat in one sitting, ranging from the most unhealthy and processed foods; The more you eat, the more views you get.

2. Another example would be online shopping. People are quick to get addicted because of how efficient shopping online is. The desire to wear what is currently trending results in an excess of buying because of how fast the trend cycles go.

Citation- TraversingTradition. ¨Mukbangs and a Culture of Gluttony.¨ TraversingTradition, 16 Nov. 2020, https://traversingtradtion.com/2020/11/16/mukbangs-and-a-culture-of-gluttony/comment-page-1/

Article Summary: This article talks about the culture of Mukbangs, the correlation to gluttony, and the negative impacts of it. This need for copious amounts of views and money results in rising obesity rates, eating disorders, and is just immodest to those who have no access to any food at all. Gluttony is a horrible plague on society that comes with not only physical consequences, but mental ones as well.

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Modern day definition: The want for someone else´s clothes, looks, or lifestyle

Modern day examples:

1. One example is cat-fishing or pretending to be someone else online.

2. Another example is comparing yourself to celebrities and influencers

Citation- Lee JA, Lee SY, Ryoo Y, Kim W, Sung Y. The Psychological Consequences of Envying Influencers on Instagram. Epub 2022 Oct 11.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36251760/

Article Summary: The article showcases a study on the mental well being of participants in an experiment where they look at influencers instagrams. The results show a negative impact on the participants after viewing. The effects of being envious and comparing oneself to others on a perfectly curated feed is highly damaging.

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The Psychological Consequences of Envying Influencers on Instagram - PubMed

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This study examines how being envious toward social media influencers (SMIs) relates to users’ affective well-being. An online survey was conducted in which 305 U.S. participants viewed to 20 posts of an SMI and subsequently measured their affective well-being, envy, and inspiration toward the SMI, …

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Modern day definition: Rejection of love turned to hate for oneself, others, or something else

Modern day examples:

1. Leaving hate comments on someones profile

2. Yelling at someone in a video game

Citation- PsychCentral. ¨ Frustration with

Video Games Leads to Aggressive Behaviors.¨ PsychCentral, 17 May. 2016, psychcentral.com/lib/frustration-with-video-games-leads-to-aggressive-behavior#1

Article Summary: The article talks about how there is some correlation between aggressive behaviors and video games but there is another underlying reason for anger that is, frustration at failure.

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The debate about whether the violence in video games perpetrates violence in real life is an ongoing one. Many parents, wanting to ensure the best for their children, remain uncertain about whether to allow their children to play certain video games.

Researchers continually study the negative - and positive - effects of playing video games, adding to this debate - and to the confusion of parents. Although recent studies have shown that violent and aggressive games do lead to violence, an April 2014 study shows there might actually be another reason behind this aggressive behavior: frustration at failing.

Researchers from the University of Rochester developed a study to learn more about the psychological effects of video games, focusing on the user experience rather than the content of the games. They tested a motivational hypothesis based on self-determination theory: the amount of aggression associated with gaming would be directly tied to the degree the games impeded the psychological need for competence. In other words, the more a person failed at mastering a game, the more aggressive he or she might feel.

For the study, the researchers created seven different lab experiments that used a total of almost 600 college-aged participants. For these experiments, the researchers manipulated the interface, controls, and degree of difficulty in custom-designed video games. The participants played these games, some of which included violent and nonviolent variations, under various circumstances. The participants were also tested for any aggressive thoughts, feelings or behaviors using a range of approaches.

One experiment involved the participants placing their hands in painfully cold water for 25 seconds. They were told that the length of time was determined by previous participants, although the duration was actually standardized. Then, the participants played a randomly selected game of Tetris, either simple or challenging. After they played the game, the participants were asked to assign the length of time a future participant had to leave his or her hand in the water. Those who played the more challenging game of Tetris assigned an average of 10 seconds longer than those who played the easier version.

The researchers found similar findings across all the experiments. It was not the narrative or imagery in the games that influenced aggressive behavior but whether the players were able to master the game's controls, and the difficulty of the game. The more frustration a person experienced while playing the game, the more likely he or she was to exhibit aggressive thoughts, feelings or behaviors. The researchers also found that when playing games that boosted players' confidence, they enjoyed the games more and exhibited lower levels of aggression. These behavior patterns were independent of the violent or nonviolent content of the game.

"When the experience involves threats to our ego, it can cause us to be hostile and mean to others," says Richard Ryan, a motivational psychologist at the University of Rochester and one of the study's authors. "When people feel they have no control over the outcome of a game, that leads to aggression. We saw that in our experiments. If you press someone's competencies, they'll become more aggressive, and our effects held up whether the games were violent or not."

As part of this study, the researchers also surveyed 300 avid gamers regarding their feelings about playing a game in order to see whether these findings held up in real world scenarios. The gamers reported that the inability to master a game or its controls did cause feelings of frustration, which affected their sense of enjoyment in playing the games.

According to this research, violent content of the games has no influence on whether a person becomes aggressive. Poorly designed games or very difficult games can cause a person to become more aggressive and violent even if it is a seemingly benign game. Therefore, some nonviolent games could end up more destructive then the super-violent games that receive bad reputations.

As with many things, the actual cause and effect of video games on behavior is more complicated than just vulnerable people being influenced by the violent imagery. Instead of associating behavior problems with violent game content, and basing any regulation of play on such content, it would be more beneficial to ensure that gamers play in moderation and learn proper coping mechanisms for feelings of inadequacy or frustration about not mastering a game, the findings of this study suggest.

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Frustration with Video Games Leads to Aggressive Behavior

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The debate about whether the violence in video games perpetrates violence in real life is an ongoing one. Many

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Modern day definition: A selfish desire to own an excessive amount of materialistic things

Modern day examples:

1. Rich celebrities who make a lot of money and choose not to give any amount away to anyone or for anything

2. Companies who don ´ t care about the customers well being and only care about profit

Citation- Afl-Cio. ¨Corprate Greed.¨ aflcio, 16 Oct. 2024, aflcio.org/about-us

Article Summary: This article gives statistics about companies who have treated workers poorly for their own financial gain. This website works to protest against corrupt companies using labor unions and gives resources to learn more about how to fight against greedy companies.

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The American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) works tirelessly to improve the lives of working people.

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Modern day definition: The search for pleasure without thinking about morals or consequences

Modern day examples:

1. People who collect shoes just because they are expensive or hard to get

2. Tinder or other dating apps

Citation- Digitialnative. ¨The Seven Deadly Sins of Consumer Technology.¨ Digitalnative, 27 Jul. 2022, https://www.digitalnative.tech/p/the-seven-deadly-sins-of-consumer

Article Summary: This article talks about dating apps being centered around looks and how quick the choice is through one photo. Their is a rise of lust and hook-up culture as a result of these apps becoming normalized.

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The Seven Deadly Sins of Consumer Technology

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Investing in Lust, Pride, Sloth, Greed, Envy, Wrath, and Gluttony

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Modern day definition: Avoiding doing things because you want to slack off

Modern day examples:

1. Frequently ordering Doordash

2. Taking an Uber to a store that is within walking distance

Citation- Philonomist. ¨The age of idleness.¨ Philonomist, 3 Dec. 2022, https://www.philonomist.com/en/article/age-idleness

Article Summary: The article talks about how the author is irritated at how normalized home delivery is now. Things like this used to not be possible without some kind of servant, but now almost everyone has access to this type of service which promotes laziness.

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The dark side of home delivery - Dear reader, If you’ve taken public transport recently, you must have noticed…

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Modern day definition: Self obsession and inflated ego

Modern day examples:

1. Posting only selfies

2. Bragging about what you look like or what you have through posts online

Citation- Linkdin. ¨Social Media and Narcissism: Rise of A Self-Obsessed Society.¨ Linkdin, 11 Sept. 2014, https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20140911175326-66132034-social-media-and-narcissism-rise-of-self-obsessed-society

Article Summary: The article talks about how posting on social media has made people more self obsessed with their looks. You cannot pinpoint the exact reasons why so many people post selfies but it is clear that they are posted to share your looks with an audience.

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Social Media and Narcissism: Rise of A Self-Obsessed Society

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Social media has revolutionized the way people communicate, behave and interact. Within this virtual landscape we connect with others at an unprecedented magnitude, speed and level of intimacy.