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Roller coaster design: cause and effect related to the marble rolling up and down hills and through the loops

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Causality includes cause/effect and structure & function. They should ask “what” “why” and “how” to figure out the relationship between the causes and effects and the mechanism by which it happened.

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Students need to ask questions like "What happened? Why did it happen? How did it happen?"

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Students explore causes of phenomena and cause and effects to the world around us. Asking questions like how and why did something happen.

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Cause and effect is a common structure to analyze in literature and historical texts.

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Understanding the cause and effect in the stories they hear or read.

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Everything has a cause and an effect, meaning everything is connected.

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Students will be able to ask questions and analyze events to look for explanations.

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Seeing the causes and effects can help find solutions to problems.

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Causes and effects in subjects such as social studies and reading

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It will encourage them to question the world around them and notice how everything is connected. It will help them to analyze and wonder why things happen.

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What is causing this phenomenon?
What are the effects of these phenomena?
What possible/plausible explanations are there for this effect?
____ is caused by ___.
___ causes ___.

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Why do you think that happened? What will happen if...? How do you know...?

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Students can inquire why scientists/engineers/etc have included certain features of a product (ex: why this type of harness on this roller coaster? How is its function related to the structure of the roller coaster?)

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Asking questions like if this happens then what will be the effects of this action/activity . How do the physical properties help it function

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They can identify the causes and effects of their behavior, such as the way they treat others or they way they are treated.

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It will encourage students to question the why and how of things around them.

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Structure and function: What does it do? What's it shape? What are its physical properties? How do the shape and physical properties dictate function?

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Students need to know that cause and effect are related. The students need to observe an event and think about how and why this event happened. We need to teach them to think about something simple in a new way.

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-Structure of the periodic table - properties of groups/periods, why scientists have arranged it like they have (connect to patterns too)
-Alloys - why do engineers create alloys? What additional functions do alloys allow that non-alloyed metals do not?
-What about the structure of a water molecule makes it able to dissolve many substances?
-What are the different structures in solids vs liquids vs gases? How do those change the properties of them?

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Biodiversity and egosystems : if we don’t take better care of our Earth today what will be the long terms effects of these actions to climate and atmosphere

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Discussions around causality can help students to think and work like a scientist because they can focus on an event and think about all the small events that had to happen to cause the event to occur.

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They can reason why one structure/design function is better than another

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The understanding of causality can help students in other subject areas by making them think critically about why things happen.
LA: sequencing
Math: how to make patterns, make number bonds, answer story problems
S.S.: why event is history happen
Music: how songs resolve

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Plant growth: what causes plants to grow, how do they grow if you water them with different liquids, how do different containers help them grow…

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The structure of a type of text determines the function of the text.

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What do you think will happen if we plant our seeds and then put the containers in the dark?

What will happen if we water the plants with coffee or milk?

What will happen if we plant the seedlings in different containers?