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Species in this group had larger brains and used tools, they were also the first group to expand beyond Africa.

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https://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-family-tree

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The Smithsonian Institution's Human Origins Program

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The SVG graphics allow the Human Family Tree interactive to be responsive. SVG graphics are overlaid the image and provied scalable interaction with the background image.

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V- Variation: mutation
I- Inheritance: DNA and Sexual Selection
S- Selection: Selection and Genetic Drift
T- Time: Gene Flow

Natural selection: The process through which populations of living organisms adapt and change.

Mutations: Is small errors in DNA code during cellular reproduction, can be beneficial or harmful.

Migration/Gene flow: The introduction of one genetic material from one population of species to another.

Sexual Selection: passing on of genetic information, influenced by male competition and female choice.

Genetic Drift: Lucky vs. Unlucky happens in every population. when species die out because of natural causes.

Homologous Structures: Parts that are similar in structure but have different uses in different species.

Vestigial Organs: structures in some organisms that seem to have no use in on species but are useful to others.

Ontogeny Recapitulates Phylogeny: Organisms during embryological development go through their evolutionary stages.

Molecular evolution: differences in molecular similarities (usually proteins) can be used to determine degrees of relationships between different species.

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Divergent, Parallel and Convergent Evolution

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Divergent, Parallel and Convergent Evolution

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Discovered in 1960 this species lived in eastern and southern Africa. Habilis lived from 2.4 million-1.4 million years ago. Habilis average height was 3ft 4in-4ft 5in, average weight was 70lbs. Habilis has a slightly larger brain case and a smaller face and teeth then older hominin species. Habilis got its nickname "handy man" in 1964 cause it was thought to be the first maker of tools. They survived because their teeth enamel was thick and their jaws were still strong so they were still able to chew through harder foods like leaves, woody plants, and some animal tissue. Earliest cut-and percussion marked bones date back to 2.6 million years ago.

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Discovered in 1986 this species lived in eastern Africa (northern Kenya, possibly northern Tanzania and Malawi.) Rudolfenis lived from about 1.9 million to 1.8 million years ago. this species has a larger braincase, longer face, and larger molar and premolar teeth, some scientist consider this species to be Australopithecus but with a larger brain. This species did not have a strong jaw so their diet was different for them than other species they had to eat more softer foods like softer leaves and insects.

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Discovered in 1891 Homo Erectus lived in northern, eastern, and Southern Africa ( Western Asia, Dmanisi, republic of Georgia), east Asia ( china and Indonesia) they lived between 1.89 million and 110,000 years ago. Their average height ranges from 4ft 9in - 6ft 1in, average weight ranges from 88-150lbs. They are the oldest known early humans to have a modern human-like body. Their tall body’s and large bodies requires a lot of energy constantly so by eating meat and other proteins made or easier to have the energy they needed to be faster. This species coexisted with Homo Rudolfenis, Homo Habilis, and Paranthropus boisei in 1.9 million years ago in east Africa. Towards the end of its time range it coexisted with Homo sapient and possibly Homo floresiensis in Indonesia.

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Discovered in 1908. This species lived in Europe; possibly Asia (china); Africa (eastern and southern). They lived about 700,000-200,000 yes’s ago. Their average height for males is 5ft 9in; females are 5ft 2in. Average weight for males is 146lbs; females are 112lbs. This early human species had a very large brow ridge, and a larger brain case and flatter face than older early human species. First early human species to like in the colder climates, first species to build shelters, creating simple dwellings out of wood and rock. These species were capable of building fire places by 790,000 years ago. They survived by sharing food, staying warm, and warded off predators. First hunters of large game animals. This species may reach back to 1.3 million years ago, and included early humans from Spain.

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Homo Neanderthalensis or "neanderthal '' was discovered in 1829. they lived in Europe and southwestern to central Asia. they lived for about 400,000-40,000 years. their average height for males is 5ft 5in and for females it is 5ft 1in, their average weight for males is 143lbs and for females it was 119lbs. Neanderthals are the closest extinct human relative. they had a large middle part of the face, angled cheek bones, and a huge nose, they had a stringer and stockier body then others, their brains were just as large if not larger. Neanderthals lived in the more tropical regain of Africa where there is a lot of plant food but during winter seasons they had to exploit to other food like meant because the plant food would be dead and gone. Neanderthals used a lot more tools than earlier homo sapiens did. there is evidence that neanderthals and human evolved from common ancestors between 700,000 and 300,000 years ago. All traces of neanderthals diapered by about 40,000 years ago.

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Homo Floresiensis also known as "the hobbit" was discovered in 2003, they lived in Asian (Indonesia) and they lived about 100,000-50,000 years ago. Their average height is 3ft 6in and their average weight is 66lbs. they had tiny brains, large teeth, shrugged forward shoulders, no chin, receding foreheads, and large feet. they survived by using many stone tools and hunting Stegodon elephants. most scientist now recognize that "the hobbit" has a valied taxon and a human species related to other species in the genus homos sapiens.

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Homo sapiens also known as humans evolved in Africa and now world wide. They lived about 300,000 years ago to present day. In a time of dramatic change 300,000 years ago Homo sapiens evolved in Africa. Modern humans have very large brains, which vary in size from population and male and female. Prehistoric homo sapiens made and used stone tools. They also specialized them and made them smaller, more compact, refined and specialized tools like fishhooks, harpoons, bows and arrows, spear throwers and sewing needles. For millions of years humans had to find there own food. modern humans evolved a unique combination of physical and behavioral characteristics. fossil and DNA confirm humans are one of more than 200 species belonging to the order of primates.