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Definition:
Interventions are targeted strategies used to improve specific academic or behavioral skills in students before referring them for special education.

Who it Applies To:
Applies to all students, especially those struggling academically or behaviorally, including those who may later be identified under IDEA categories like Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD), Emotional Disturbance (ED), or ADHD.

Examples:

1. Small-group reading sessions 3 times a week.

2. Behavior chart with rewards for positive actions.

3. Extra math practice during lunch.

Additional Resource:

Title: “What is an Intervention?”

Summary: A parent-friendly guide explaining how interventions work in schools.

Link: https://www.understood.org/en/articles/what-is-an-intervention

HLP/EBP Resource:

Title: HLP 14: Teach cognitive and metacognitive strategies

Summary: Helps students become independent learners through planning, organizing, and self-monitoring.

Link: https://highleveragepractices.org/hlp-14-teach-cognitive-and-metacognitive-strategies-to-support-learning-and-independence/

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Definition:
Differentiation is adjusting how you teach based on students’ learning styles, interests, or readiness levels so all students can access the same content.

Who it Applies To:
All students, especially those with diverse learning needs, including gifted students and those with disabilities like SLD or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).

Examples:

1. Offering a choice between writing an essay, making a poster, or recording a video.

2. Grouping students based on reading levels.

3. Providing visual aids for visual learners.

Additional Resource:

Title: “What is Differentiated Instruction?”

Summary: This article breaks down how differentiation supports student success.

Link: https://www.readingrockets.org/article/what-differentiated-instruction

HLP/EBP Resource:

Title: HLP 19: Use flexible grouping

Summary: Encourages grouping based on learning needs for better instruction.

Link: https://highleveragepractices.org/701-2/

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Definition:
Accommodations are changes to how a student learns, not what they learn. They help remove learning barriers without changing expectations.

Who it Applies To:
Students with disabilities under IDEA, like those with hearing impairments, ADHD, dyslexia, or visual processing disorders.

Examples:

1. Extended test time.

2. Speech-to-text software.

3. Sitting near the teacher to reduce distractions.

Additional Resource:

Title: “Accommodations and Modifications: What’s the Difference?”

Summary: Explains the distinction and gives real-world examples.

Link: https://www.understood.org/en/articles/accommodations-vs-modifications

HLP/EBP Resource:

Title: HLP 18: Use strategies to promote active student engagement

Summary: Helps keep students with accommodations involved in learning.

Link: https://highleveragepractices.org/701-2/

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Definition:
Adaptations are changes made to learning materials or instruction to help students access the curriculum more easily.

Who it Applies To:
Students with physical, sensory, or cognitive disabilities under IDEA (e.g., visual impairments, intellectual disabilities).

Examples:

1. Large print or Braille books.

2. Using a graphic organizer to plan essays.

3. Simplified language in instructions.

Additional Resource:

Title: “Curriculum Adaptations” – TEAL Center

Summary: Overview of types of adaptations for diverse learners.

Link: https://lincs.ed.gov/professional-development/resource-collections/profile-730

HLP/EBP Resource:

Title: HLP 21: Teach students to maintain and generalize new learning

Summary: Helps adapted skills apply across settings.

Link: https://highleveragepractices.org/hlp-21-teach-students-to-maintain-and-generalize-new-learning/

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Definition:
Modifications change what a student is expected to learn or the level of difficulty. They adjust the curriculum itself to fit the student’s needs.

Who it Applies To:
Primarily for students with intellectual disabilities, significant cognitive disabilities, or multiple disabilities under IDEA.

Examples:

1. Shortening assignments (e.g., only 5 math problems instead of 20).

2. Using a lower-grade reading level text.

3. Grading based on effort and participation.

Additional Resource:

Title: “Instructional and Assessment Accommodations and Modifications”

Summary: A guide by the Center for Parent Information and Resources (CPIR).

Link: https://www.parentcenterhub.org/accommodations/

HLP/EBP Resource:

Title: HLP 16: Use explicit instruction

Summary: Helps make modified content more understandable.

Link: https://highleveragepractices.org/hlp-16-use-explicit-instruction/

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🟣 6. Specially Designed Instruction (SDI)

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🟣 6. Specially Designed Instruction (SDI)

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Definition:
SDI refers to tailored instruction based on a student's IEP that addresses unique needs resulting from a disability.

Who it Applies To:
Only students eligible for special education services under IDEA. It is a legal requirement written in the IEP.

Examples:

1. Direct social skills training for a student with autism.

2. One-on-one phonics instruction for a student with dyslexia.

3. Teaching life skills like using money for a student with an intellectual disability.

Additional Resource:

Title: “What is Specially Designed Instruction (SDI)?”

Summary: Explains SDI and its role in the IEP process.

Link: https://www.parentcenterhub.org/sdi/

HLP/EBP Resource:

Title: HLP 6: Use student assessment data to analyze and plan instruction

Summary: Supports personalized instruction by using real student data.

Link: https://highleveragepractices.org/hlp-6-use-student-assessment-data-with-instructional-decision-making/

# data[].attributes.body
Friend, M., & Bursuck, W. D. (2021). Including students with special needs: A practical guide for classroom teachers (8th ed.). Pearson.

McLeskey, J., Maheady, L., Billingsley, B., Brownell, M., & Lewis, T. J. (2019). High-leverage practices in special education. Council for Exceptional Children.

Tomlinson, C. A. (2017). How to differentiate instruction in academically diverse classrooms (3rd ed.). ASCD.