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1. Include books by authors from diverse backgrounds (e.g., Inside Out & Back Again by Thanhha Lai, Esperanza Rising by Pam Muñoz Ryan).

Students discuss themes, cultural contexts, and personal connections in small groups.

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1. When teaching major historical events, include multiple cultural viewpoints.

Example: Teach World War II including Japanese-American internment stories, the Navajo Code Talkers, and global resistance movements.

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1. Highlight contributions from underrepresented scientists and mathematicians (e.g., Katherine Johnson, Ibn al-Haytham).

Integrate real-world problems relevant to students’ communities.

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1. Incorporate cultural art forms into projects (e.g., African drumming, Japanese calligraphy, Mexican mural).

Discuss how art reflects values and history.

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Use beginning-of-year surveys to learn about students’ cultural practices, languages, and traditions.

Integrate these into lesson examples.

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2. Code-Switching and Trans-languaging context 

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2. Code-Switching and Trans-languaging context 

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Allow students to use their home language as a bridge to learning academic content.

Encourage bilingual glossaries and peer translations.

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Offer multiple assessment methods (oral storytelling, visual projects, written essays) to honor diverse strengths.

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Build trust by attending school/community events, showing genuine interest in students’ backgrounds, and using culturally relevant examples in lessons.

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Display a world map with student photos connected to their family’s heritage countries.

Include greetings in students’ languages.

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Co-create classroom norms emphasizing respect, active listening, and valuing all perspectives.

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3. Flexible Seating and Cultural Symbols

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3. Flexible Seating and Cultural Symbols

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Arrange desks to promote collaboration. Include culturally diverse art, fabrics, or artifacts contributed by students.

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Learn and correctly pronounce every student’s name. Encourage peers to do the same as a sign of respect.

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Families share food, music, and stories from their heritage.

Students create displays or performances to celebrate their culture.

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Invite parents, elders, and local leaders to share cultural traditions, histories, or professional expertise.

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Students interview family members about traditions or life experiences, then present them in class.

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Collaborate with community organizations to work on culturally relevant service projects (environmental clean-ups tied to indigenous stewardship practices).