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I want to investigate goal #2, zero hunger.

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We can use our power as a consumer and voter, demanding businesses and governments make the choices and changes that will make zero hunger a reality. 

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Hunger is a leading cause of death in the world. We are provided with resources, but unequal access and inefficient handling leaving millions of people malnourished.

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End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture.

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Reducing food waste is a key solution that connects people with the food they need and to send less edible food to our nation’s landfills.

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Zero Hunger | Zero Waste - The Kroger Co.

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Zero Hunger | Zero Waste Did you know that nearly 40% of food produced in the U.S. is thrown away? That means 229 million tons of surplus available food goes unsold or uneaten every year, in addition to food left unharvested on farms. At the same time, nearly 42 million Americans – one in eight […]

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Support governments to take action based on available research and evidence and to engage the private sector through the zero hunger private sector pledge to drive investment in agriculture and food systems.

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Countries in which food prices are moderately high remain well above pre-pandemic levels. Getting progress on track with respect to goal 2 requires urgent action to strengthen food systems, support small-scale producers, improve services and ensure access to affordable, healthy diets.

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Goal 2 | Department of Economic and Social Affairs

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End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture

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WFP teaches smallholder farmers how to use improved harvest handling methods, and combined with a simple but effective hermetic storage equipment to protect crops against insects, rodents, and moisture.

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What is hunger?Hunger is discomfort or pain caused by a lack of food. It is different from food insecurity, which means lack of regular access to safe and nutritious food for proper development and an active and healthy life.Across the globe, as many as 319 million people are facing acute

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UNA-NCA makes a large and lasting impact. Workin through partnerships, convening educational and informative events and programs, the goal to advance the mission and ideals of the United Nations is made real through the dedicated work of UNA-NCA members, staff, volunteers, leaders, and stakeholders.

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Nearly 690 million people are hungry, comprising 8.9% of the global populous. Millions of children suffer from extreme hunger and malnutrition, leaving them vulnerability to diseases and hindered in opportunities for educational success and gainful employment. Extreme hunger is a barrier to sustainable development and cultivates cyclical traps of poverty and suffering.

The world is not on track to achieve Zero Hunger by 2030. If recent trends continue, the number of people affected by hunger will surpass 840 million by 2030- nearly 10% of the global population.

COVID-19 poses an additional risk, pushing a quarter of a billion people to the brink of starvation. Radical development of the global food and agriculture system, particularly increased agricultural productive and sustainable food production, is crucial to alleviate the detrimental impact of hunger. The World Food Programme's food assistance network is providing a critical lifeline to 87 million people worldwide- yet food supply chains and the agricultural sector remain particularly fragile to systemic shocks and can leave low-income communities particularly vulnerable.
Food scarcity is largely a result of climate change, civil unrest and declining food production. Public investment in agriculture is also declining. Small-scale food producers and family farmers require increased investment in infrastructure and technology to reduce hunger, poverty, and unemployment. In 2019, nearly one in ten people in the world were exposed to severe levels of food insecurity, and an estimated 2 billion people did not have regular access to safe, nutritious, and sufficient food.

Millions Living in Hunger

World hunger is rising, with 1 in 9 people in the world undernourished. An estimated 821 million people were undernourished in 2017, a dramatic increase from 784 million in 2015. Over 381 million of the world's undernourished are found in Asia, the highest regional concentration worldwide. However, 250 million undernourished people live in Africa, where the rate of hunger is increasing faster than anywhere in the world.

Child stunting - the impaired growth and development of children in part due to poor nutrition and repeated infection-has decreased since 2000. Yet 149 million children under the age of 5 were affected by stunting in 2018. An estimate of 7.3% of global children under the age of 5 are affected by acute undernutrition, also known as wasting. Globally, 40 million children under the age of 5 were overweight in 2018.

Agricultural Markets

Two-thirds of poor employed persons worldwide are agricultural workers. In order to reduce the rise in hunger, building and strengthening small-scale and family farm production is crucial. Government spending on agriculture has declined 37% in 2017, and aid to agriculture in developing countries fell from 25% in the mid-1980s to 5% in 2017, a decrease of $12.6 billion. The World Trade Organization (WTO) has observed a decline in export subsidies, falling from $500 million in 2010 to $120 million in 2016. This reduction in export subsidies by governments is causing lower distortions in agricultural markets.

Achieving Zero Hunger

Two-thirds of poor employed persons worldwide are agricultural workers. In order to reduce the rise in hunger, building and strengthening small-scale and family farm production is crucial. Government spending on agriculture has declined 37% in 2017, and aid to agriculture in developing countries fell from 25% in the mid-1980s to 5% in 2017, a decrease of $12.6 billion. The World Trade Organization (WTO) has observed a decline in export subsidies, falling from $500 million in 2010 to $120 million in 2016. This reduction in export subsidies by governments is causing lower distortions in agricultural markets.

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Nearly 690 million people are hungry, comprising 8.9% of the global populous. Millions of children suffer from extreme hunger and malnutrition, leaving them vulnerability to diseases and hindered in opportunities for educational success and gainful employment. Extreme hunger is a barrier to sustainable development and cultivates cyclical traps of poverty and suffering.

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Increasing investment through enhanced international cooperation and plant and livestock banks in order to enhance agricultural productive capacity in developing countries, in particular least developed countries.

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The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), also known as the Global Goals, were adopted by the United Nations in 2015 as a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure that by 2030 all people enjoy peace and prosperity.

The 17 SDGs are integrated-they recognize that action in one area will affect outcomes in others, and that development must balance social, economic and environmental sustainability.

Countries have committed to prioritize progress for those who're furthest behind. The SDGs are designed to end poverty, hunger, AIDS, and discrimination against women and girls.

The creativity, knowhow, technology and financial resources from all of society is necessary to achieve the SDGs in every context.

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The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), otherwise known as the Global Goals, are a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity.

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Missioned-aligned organizations interested in advancing greater positive impacts together because we can’t end hunger and waste alone.

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The Kroger Co. Zero Hunger | Zero Waste Foundation

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The Kroger Co. Zero Hunger | Zero Waste Foundation is a 501(c)(3) public charity founded in 2018. The Foundation was formed to support initiatives that create communities free of hunger and waste.

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Action should be taken now, millions of people have the potential to fall into deeper levels of hunger. We can respond to this global emergency by addressing hunger. We all have an obligation to build a future that better serves our planet and all the people that live on it.

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How to End World Hunger: 6 Solutions for Zero Hunger - World Food Program USA

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The world faces the largest global food crisis in modern history. That's why these six Zero Hunger solutions are more important than ever.

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Food systems are the sum and interactions along the food value chain. From input supply and production of crops, livestock, fish, and other agricultural. Transportation, processing, retailing, wholesaling, and preparation of foods to consumption and disposal.

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The world is nowhere near the goal of zero hunger by 2030 amid uncertain global development financing. What now?

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Representatives of major organizations grapple with our current predicament.

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The Gateway is a collaborative platform that helps countries and finds technical support and practical solutions for improving their food systems. The food system coordination hub assists from service providers and makes it available to countries through their National Food Systems Convenors.

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The Zero Hunger Coalition aims to help reduce the number of people suffering from hunger and malnutrition to zero by 2030 in an environmentally sustainable way.

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To ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round.

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Home SDG Tracker Goal 2: Zero hunger

Sustainable Development Goal 2

Prevalence of childhood stunting

Definition of the SDG indicator: Indicator 2.2.1 is the "prevalence of stunting among children under 5 years of age" in the UN SDG framework.²

This indicator is defined as the share of children under 5 years of age who are stunted, meaning that their height-for-age is 2 or more standard deviations below the median of the World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards. Stunting is a consequence of severe malnutrition.

Data for this indicator is shown in the interactive visualization.

The intermediate target is a reduction in the prevalence of stunting by 40% by 2025 (from 2012 levels).

Prevalence of childhood malnutrition (wasting or overweight)

Definition of the SDG indicator: Indicator 2.2.2 is the "prevalence of malnutrition among children under 5 years of age, by type (wasting and overweight)" in the UN SDG framework.⁴

"Wasting" or being overweight are both defined as being malnourished.

A child is defined as "wasted" if their weight-for-height is more than 2 standard deviations below the median of the WHO Child Growth Standards.

A child is defined as "overweight" if their weight-for-height is more than 2 standard deviations above the median of the WHO Child Growth Standards.

The interactive visualizations show data for this indicator. The first chart shows the share of children under 5 who are wasted, and the second chart shows the share who are overweight.

This targets an elimination of wasting, and the prevalence of children being overweight by 2030.

More research: Further data and research can be found at the Our World in Data topic pages on Hunger and Undernourishment, Obesity and Micronutrient Deficiency.

Production per labour unit

This indicator is measured as the ratio of annual output to the number of working days in a year.

Data for this indicator on small-scale food producers is shown in the interactive visualization. Small-scale food producers are those whose land size, livestock, and economic revenue from agricultural activities fall in the bottom 40 percent of the national distributions of these measures.

The second chart shows a related measure, the agricultural value added per worker.

Target: By 2030 "double the agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers, in particular women, indigenous peoples, family farmers, pastoralists and fishers, including through secure and equal access to land, other productive resources and inputs, knowledge, financial services, markets and opportunities for value addition and non-farm employment."

More research: Further data and research can be found at the Our World in Data topic page on Crop Yields and Employment in Agriculture.

Sustainable food production

More research: Further data and research can be found at the Our World in Data topic page on Crop Yields, and comparison of the environmental impact of organic vs. conventional agriculture.

Genetic resources in conservation facilities

The first component of this indicator is defined as the number of unique accessions (distinct samples of seeds, planting materials, or plants) of plant genetic resources stored in medium to long-term conservation facilities.

The second component is defined as the number of local (existing in only one country) and transboundary (existing in more than one country) animal breeds with enough genetic material stored in medium to long-term conservation facilities so as to be able to reconstitute the breed in terms of extinction.

The interactive visualizations show data for this indicator. The first chart shows the number of unique plant genetic samples in conservation facilities in each country. The second and third charts show the number of local and transboundary animal breeds for which sufficient genetic material is stored.

Unlike most SDG targets, which are set for 2030, this target was set for 2020.

Agriculture orientation index

The agriculture orientation index (AOI) is the agriculture share of government expenditures, divided by the agriculture share of GDP.

An AOI larger than 1 means the agriculture sector receives a higher share of government spending relative to its economic value, while an AOI smaller than 1 reflects a lower orientation to agriculture.

Data on this indicator is shown in the interactive visualization.

Official flows to agriculture

This indicator is measured as disbursements of official development assistance (ODA) and other official flows to the agriculture sector.

Official development assistance refers to flows to countries and territories on the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development's Development Assistance Committee (DAC) and to multilateral institutions which meet a set of criteria related to the source of the funding, the purpose of the transaction, and the concessional nature of the funding.

Data for this indicator is shown by recipient country in the interactive visualization.

Agricultural export subsidies

Data for this indicator is shown in the interactive visualization.

Target: By 2030 "correct and prevent trade restrictions and distortions in world agricultural markets, including through the parallel elimination of all forms of agricultural export subsidies and all export measures with equivalent effect, in accordance with the mandate of the Doha Development Round."

This target requires an elimination of agricultural export subsidies by 2030.

Food price anomalies

The indicator of food price anomalies (IFPA) identifies market prices that are unusually high, by evaluating growth in prices over a particular month for many years, while taking into account seasonality in agricultural markets and inflation.

Data on this indicator is shown in the first interactive visualization. A related measure, the share of countries recording high food prices, is provided in the second visualization for further context.

Target: By 2030 "adopt measures to ensure the proper functioning of food commodity markets and their derivatives and facilitate timely access to market information, including on food reserves, in order to help limit extreme food price volatility."

Cite this work

Our articles and data visualizations rely on work from many different people and organizations. When citing this article, please also cite the underlying data sources. This article can be cited as:

Our World in Data team (2023) - "End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture". Published online at OurWorldInData.org. Retrieved from: 'https://ourworldindata.org/sdgs/zero-hunger' [Online Resource]

BibTeX citation

@article{owid-sdgs-zero-hunger, author = {Our World in Data team}, title = {End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture}, journal = {Our World in Data}, year = {2023}, note = {https://ourworldindata.org/sdgs/zero-hunger} }

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End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture

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Sustainable Development Goals Tracker for SDG 2

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Goal 2 aims to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all, at all ages. Health and well-being are important at every stage of one’s life, starting from the beginning.

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Child stunting refers to a child who is too short for his or her age and is the result of chronic or recurrent malnutrition. Stunting is a contributing risk factor to child mortality and is also a marker of inequalities in human development. Stunted children fail to reach their physical and cognitive potential. Child stunting is also one of the World Health Assembly 2025 global nutrition target indicators.

Percentage of under-fives falling below minus 2 standard deviations (moderate and severe) from the median height-for-age of the reference population

UNICEF, WHO and the World Bank group jointly review new data sources to update the country level estimates. Each agency uses their existing mechanisms for obtaining data. For WHO, see published database methodology (2). UNICEF undertakes a wide consultative process of compiling and assessing data from national sources for the purposes of updating its global databases on the situation of children. UNICEF regularly reviews major repositories of potential sources (e.g. Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys website, the Global Health Data Exchange) and also uses the UNICEF country consultation process with national authorities on selected child-related global SDG indicators, for which it is custodian or co-custodian. This allows for the emerging standards and guidelines on data flows for global reporting of SDG indicators to be met. These processes place strong emphasis on technical rigour, country ownership and use of official data and statistics. The consultation process solicits feedback directly from National Statistical Offices, as well as other government agencies responsible for official statistics, on the compilation of the indicators, including the data sources used and the application of global standard definitions. The World Bank Group provides estimates available through the Living Standard Measurement Surveys (LSMS) which usually requires re-analysis of datasets given that the LSMS reports often do not tabulate the stunting data.

Survey estimates are based on standardized methodology using the WHO Child Growth Standards as described elsewhere (1). Global and regional estimates are based on methodology outlined in UNICEF-WHO-The World Bank: Joint child malnutrition estimates - Levels and trends (2,3)

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Child growth is an internationally accepted outcome area reflecting child nutritional status. Child overweight refers to a child who is too heavy for his or her height. This form of malnutrition results from expending too few calories for the amount of food consumed and increases the risk of noncommunicable diseases later in life. Child overweight is one of the World Health Assembly nutrition target indicators.

Prevalence of overweight (weight for height >+2 standard deviation from the median of the World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards) among children under 5 years of age.

UNICEF, WHO and the World Bank group jointly review new data sources to update the country level estimates. Each agency uses their existing mechanisms for obtaining data. For WHO, see published database methodology (de Onis et al. 2004). For UNICEF, the cadre of dedicated data and monitoring specialists working at national, regional and international levels in 190 countries routinely provide technical support for the collection and analysis of data. For the past 20 years UNICEF has undertaken an annual process to update its global databases, called Country Reporting on Indicators for Goals (CRING). This exercise is done in close collaboration with UNICEF country offices with the purpose of ensuring that UNICEF global databases contain updated and internationally comparable data. UNICEF country offices are invited to submit, through an online system, nationally representative data for over 100 key indicators on the well-being of women and children, including stunting. The country office staff work with local counterparts to ensure the most relevant data are shared. Updates sent by the country offices are then reviewed by sector specialists at UNICEF headquarters to check for consistency and overall data quality of the submitted estimates and re-analysis where possible. This review is based on a set of objective criteria to ensure that only the most reliable information is included in the databases. Once reviewed, feedback is made available on whether or not specific data points are accepted, and if not, the reasons why. UNICEF uses these data obtained through CRING to feed into the joint dataset. The World Bank Group provides estimates availabe through the Living Standard Measurement Surveys (LSMS) which ussually requires re-analysis of datasets given theat the LSMS reports often do not tabulate the stunting data.

Survey estimates are based on standardized methodology using the WHO Child Growth Standards as described elsewhere (Ref: Anthro software manual). Global and regional estimates are based on methodology outlined in UNICEF-WHO-The World Bank: Joint child malnutrition estimates - Levels and trends (UNICEF/WHO/WB 2012).

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Anaemia is a condition of low blood heamoglobin concentration which affects over half a billion women of reproductive age worldwide. Anaemia impairs health and well-being of women and negatively affects their cognitive and motor development and work capacity. Iron deficiency, one of the most common cause of anaemia is associated with adverse reproductive outcomes, including preterm delivery, low-birth-weight infants, and decreased iron stores for the baby, which may lead to impaired development. Anaemia among women of reproductive age is also one of the World Health Assembly 2025 global nutrition target indicators.

Percentage of women aged 15-49 years with a haemoglobin level less than 120 g/L for non-pregnant women and lactating women, and less than 110 g/L for pregnant women, adjusted for altitude and smoking

A PubMed search was carried out for relevant search terms related to anaemia, haemoglobin and iron status, searching for studies published after 1 January 1990. In addition to indexed articles, many reports of national and international agencies were identified and accessed through requests to each corresponding organization. Once survey data are compiled and the Bayesian hierarchical mixture model is run to generate anaemia estimates, countries are sent a memorandum to provide a background to the estimates and explain the process. Information on the survey data used to generate the estimates for that country, estimates for the year 2015, and the resulting plots for each country are provided along with an explanation of the methodology used in generating the estimates. Countries are requested to provide feedback within six weeks.

The anaemia status of women is assessed using blood haemoglobin concentrations. In surveys, blood haemoglobin concentrations are typically measured using the direct cyanmethemoglobin method in a laboratory or with a portable, battery-operated, haemoglobin photometer in the field that uses the azide-methaemoglobin method.

Prevalence of anaemia and/or mean haemoglobin in women of reproductive age were obtained from 303 population-representative data sources from 116 countries worldwide. Data collected from 1990 to 2016 were used. Adjustment of data on blood haemoglobin concentrations for altitude and smoking was carried out whenever possible. Biologically implausible haemoglobin values (200 g/L) were excluded. A Bayesian hierarchical mixture model was used to estimate haemoglobin distributions and systematically addressed missing data, non-linear time trends, and representativeness of data sources. Full details on statistical methods may be found here: Global, regional, and national trends in haemoglobin concentration and prevalence of total and severe anaemia in children and pregnant and non-pregnant women for 1995-2011: a systematic analysis of population-representative data (Stevens et al, 2013). Briefly, the model calculates estimates for each country and year, informed by data from that country and year themselves, if available, and by data from other years in the same country and in other countries with data for similar time periods, especially countries in the same region. The model borrows data, to a greater extent, when data are non-existent or weakly informative, and to a lesser degree for data-rich countries and regions. The resulting estimates are also informed by covariates that help predict blood haemoglobin concentrations (e.g. maternal education, prevalence of sickle-cell disorders, mean weight-for-age z-score for children). The uncertainty ranges (credibility intervals) reflect the major sources of uncertainty, including sampling error, non-sampling error due to issues in sample design/measurement, and uncertainty from making estimates for countries and years without data.

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Goal 2 aims to end hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture by 2030. The triple burden of malnutrition - undernutrition, hidden hunger and overweight - threatens the survival, growth and development of children and young people. Well-nourished children are better able to grow and learn, to participate in their communities [...]

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A change of the food globally and agriculture system is needed if we are to nourish the more than 820 million people who are hungry and the additional people by 2050.

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After decades of steady decline, the number of people who suffer from hunger - as measured by the prevalence of undernourishment - began to slowly increase again in 2015. Today, more than 820 million people regularly go to bed hungry, of whom about 135 million suffer from acute hunger largely due to man-made conflicts, climate change and economic downturns. The COVID-19 pandemic could now double that number, putting an additional 130 million people at risk of suffering acute hunger by the end of 2020, according to the World Food Programme.

With more than a quarter of a billion people potentially at the brink of starvation, swift action needs to be taken to provide food and humanitarian relief to the most at-risk regions.

At the same time, a profound change of the global food and agriculture system is needed if we are to nourish the more than 820 million people who are hungry and the additional 2 billion people the world will have by 2050. Increasing agricultural productivity and sustainable food production are crucial to help alleviate the perils of hunger.

2.1 By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round.

2.2 By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving, by 2025, the internationally agreed targets on stunting and wasting in children under 5 years of age, and address the nutritional needs of adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women and older persons.

2.3 By 2030, double the agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers, in particular women, indigenous peoples, family farmers, pastoralists and fishers, including through secure and equal access to land, other productive resources and inputs, knowledge, financial services, markets and opportunities for value addition and non-farm employment.

2.4 By 2030, ensure sustainable food production systems and implement resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and production, that help maintain ecosystems, that strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding and other disasters and that progressively improve land and soil quality.

2.5 By 2020, maintain the genetic diversity of seeds, cultivated plants and farmed and domesticated animals and their related wild species, including through soundly managed and diversified seed and plant banks at the national, regional and international levels, and promote access to and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge, as internationally agreed.

2.A Increase investment, including through enhanced international cooperation, in rural infrastructure, agricultural research and extension services, technology development and plant and livestock gene banks in order to enhance agricultural productive capacity in developing countries, in particular least developed countries.

2.B Correct and prevent trade restrictions and distortions in world agricultural markets, including through the parallel elimination of all forms of agricultural export subsidies and all export measures with equivalent effect, in accordance with the mandate of the Doha Development Round.

2.C Adopt measures to ensure the proper functioning of food commodity markets and their derivatives and facilitate timely access to market information, including on food reserves, in order to help limit extreme food price volatility.

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Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 2) | United Nations Western Europe

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After decades of steady decline, the number of people who suffer from hunger - as measured by the prevalence of undernourishment - began to slowly increase again in 2015. Today, more than 820 million people regularly go to bed hungry, of whom about 135 million suffer from acute hunger largely due to man-made conflicts, climate change and economic downturns.

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SDGs aim to end all forms of hunger and malnutrition by 2030 and making sure all people are getting the right nutrition.

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Rapid economic growth and increased agricultural productivity over the past two decades has seen the proportion of undernourished people drop by almost half.

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Zero Hunger Private Sector Pledge is a game changing solution that emerged from the UNFSS. The Pledge recognizes that governments cannot eradicate hunger alone and need more involvement.

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The Zero Hunger Private Sector Pledge calls on companies from all sizes and from around the world to join the global movement to end hunger. Pledges have been made with sizes ranging from USD 100 to 100 million, and covering all priority countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.

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Food production and wasting among children are also likely to worsen due to the events of the previous years and the US is a leader in moving a system to be more anticipatory and needed for the children.

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One of the main Sustainable Development Goals for 2030 is to reach Zero Hunger. Here’s what we mean by a phrase that’s both fairly simple and a tall order.

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Working from top to down to approach that is focusing on strengthening food systems from a local to federal level to ensure that food and agriculture lands are protected, and producers, processors, growers, foragers, and knowledge holders are supported.

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United Nations SDG 2 - Zero Hunger — Howe Sound Biosphere Region

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Organizations in the region are improving food security, nutrition and sustainable agriculture, including The Squamish Food Bank Society, Squamish CAN and the One Straw Society on the Sunshine Coast.

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I think I want to research zero hunger which must be addressed to reach SDG Goal 2. I will focus on Sub-Saharan Africa and approach to solve zero hunger by having more and accessible food systems and programs . I want to research this because it is a very major problem globally mainly in the Sub-Saharan Africa region.

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"You could write more information for the captions and have atleast another STG goal."-Daniel R