# data[].attributes.body
Rhetorical questions are hypothetical questions not meant to be answered but meant to instill a point. In Othello, Desdemona uses this when she says "What wouldst write of me if thou shouldst praise me?" (2.1.131-132).

# data[].attributes.body
Definition: A sentence that replaces a harsh, blunt, or offensive statement to lighten the impact of difficult subjects.

Example From Othello: "I am one, sir, that comes to tell you your daughter and the Moor are <now> making the beast with two backs." (1.1.129-131)

# data[].attributes.body
Definition: A dominating power over a colony or minority group in which the suppressors use different tactics such as military control, exploitation, and fear to keep their colony suppressed. The abused hierarchy can sometimes be seen as racial hierarchy or class based.

Othello Example: In Othello, the colonialism seen throughout the play is against Othello just because of his skin color. The repeatedly refer to his as a "Moor" a derogatory term for the time that was meant to insult his character and show his lesser status.

# data[].attributes.body
Definition: when a person or certain group of people is cast aside for being different. They are being alienated by society

Othello example: People calling Othello the Moor and treating him differently because of the color of his skin

# data[].attributes.body
A comparison between two unlike things that are developed over a series of lines or stanzas. The use of an extended metaphor deepens the meaning and adds complexity. It is developed continuously and reinforced. An example of this in Othello is Brabantio calling Othello a thief who is "stealing" his daughter, Desdemona.

# data[].attributes.body
Definition: a negative emotional or behavioral response to a person or community based on their social identities. It becomes racism when prejudice is combined with power to constrict or oppress those individuals or groups.

Example: when everyone calls Othello "The Moor" as a term of racial prejudice.

# data[].attributes.body
Definition: an emotional and behavioral response that arises from perceived threats to one's social standing or valued resources that often stems from issues of power, identity, and race.

Example: Iago's jealousy towards Cassio after Cassio gets chosen for the officer position that Iago wanted.

"I follow him to serve my turn upon him." (1.1.45)

# data[].attributes.body
Definition: a contradiction that reveals an unexpected truth, meant to provoke thought.

Example: "It is silliness to live, when to live is torment, and then have we a prescription to die when death is our physician," (1.3.350-352).

Explanation: Because Roderigo's statement is contradictory,-- there is nothing frivolous about torment --his statement reveals his opinion that his struggle with love for Desdemona makes live worthless.

# data[].attributes.body
a society where men hold authority and power

In Othello, An example of patriarchy in the play is the fact that Desdemona is considered property of her father and then her husband after marriage. Her father is considered robbed because his property was stolen from him whenever Othello married his daughter without his consent.

# data[].attributes.body
Definition: a social construction used to uphold reputation and social hierarchies, which is shaped by a persons power, race, and identity.

Example: In Othello, Othello recognizes other people's honor by addressing them as "most potent, grave, and reverend signiors" and "my very noble and approved good masters." (1.3.91-92)

# data[].attributes.body
Post Colonialism argues that the societal dynamics of race, power, gender, and identity formed during the period of colonialism are still relevant in the modern age. Neocolonialism provides analysis on both the cultural and political impact of colonialism, contributing a "critical lens" to the lasting effects of imperialism and colonization which yeilded power imbalances between colonizers and those colonized.

Post Colonialism is easily found in Othello when characters refer to Othello as "the Moor," perpetuating a racial power imbalance between people of lighter and darker skin colors that originated from the colonization pre-Othello. I hope this makes sense

# data[].attributes.body
1) Using lies of flawed facts to prove a point, making it deceptive

2) Iago plans to use Logical Fallacy to lie that Cassio is sleeping with Desdemona which would prove that he should be lieutenant over Cassio.

# data[].attributes.body
A simile is a figure of speech that compares two unsimilar things while using the words "like" or "as". In poetry, similes are used to create imagery, show emotion, express abstract ideas, and add meaning in a poem.

Ex.) "Hath leaped into my seat-the thought whereof Doth, like a poisonous mineral, gnaw my inwards,..."." (Act 2; Scene 1; lines 318-319)

# data[].attributes.body
Diction is an author's or character's specific choice of words. It's not just about what is being said, but how it's being said.

Othello Example "Even now, now, very now, an old black ram, Is tupping your white ewe" (1.1.97-97). This hateful diction is effective because it immediately shows Iago's bad nature and sets the dark, racial tone for the play.

# data[].attributes.body
Definition: One of the means of persuasion that builds on emotion and feeling. Uses imagery, stories, and emotional vocabulary

Example: "You have lost half your soul. Even now, now, very now, an old black ram Is tupping your white ewe" (1.1.96-98). Iago describes Othello's elopement with Desdemona. He uses imagery and descriptive words to further anger Brabantio.

# data[].attributes.body
Definition: an understood meaning of a word or phrase to a certain culture or society

Example: "Moor" = Othello

Moors are seen as dangerous and dark places, so an outsider like Othello is also considered dangerous/scary

# data[].attributes.body
Tone in literature is the feelings the author or narrator takes towards a certain subject and conveys towards the reader

Example: The tone in the beginning of Act 2 is filled with tense worry and confusion as they wonder about Othello's safety and whereabouts

# data[].attributes.body
Definition: a figure of speech that directly compares one unlike thing to another to create deeper meaning and understanding

Example from Othello: "Virtue? A fig! 'Tis in ourselves that we are thus or thus. Our bodies are our gardens, to the which our wills are gardeners" (1.3. 361-363). Iago states that our bodies are our gardens and our wills are gardeners to illustrate to Roderigo that he has free will after Roderigo wanted to kill himself because of his love for Desdemona.

# data[].attributes.body
Definition: a concrete object, image, or sound used to represent an abstract idea or emotion. Tends to add complexity and depth to writing.

Example: Symbolism of animals used by Iago to represent Othello. It symbolizes how Iago views Othello as an outsider.

# data[].attributes.body
When some one uses very descriptive language to appeal to one of the senses of the reader to persuade them or paint a clear image in their mind

Ex: Imagery is used in Othello when Casio describes Desdemona. He says that she is beautiful and divine, creating a heavenly image to try and persuade people into viewing Desdemona as he does.

# data[].attributes.body
Definition: A speaker uses ethos to prove that they are trustworthy and are a reliable source. Characters that use ethos usually have good intentions and have experiences that prove their reliability/knowledge.

An example from Othello is when Iago tells Rodrigo to "put money in thy purse." 1.3.389

Iago uses ethos to make Rodrigo trust him by saying that if he gets rich he can win Desdemona. Iago manipulates the idea of ethos because he gets Rodrigo to trust him, when in reality he only has his own best interests at heart.

# data[].attributes.body
In poetry, it is a figure of speech that joins two opposing terms to each other to create a new term for the purpose of revealing deeper emotions or a paradox. Example: "Whip me such honest knaves!" (1.1.53). "Honest" and "knaves" contradict each other because a knave is someone who is a scoundrel and known to be untruthful, referring to those who appear truthful but are deceitful in reality. This also reveals Iago's untruthful and deceitful nature.

# data[].attributes.body
Definition: a form of persuasive appeal used by speakers that can involve evidence, statistics, and reasoning to convince the audience of a certain claim; it can also be used by speakers to manipulate the truth and use flawed reasoning in order to deceive the audience

Othello Example: In Othello, Iago uses logos to convince Roderigo that collecting as much money as possible is necessary to obtain Desdemona. "The food that to him now is as luscious as locusts shall be to him shortly as bitter as coloquintida. She must change for youth. When she is sated with his body she will find the error of her choice. Therefore, put money in thy purse. (1.3.391-395)

# data[].attributes.body
grrrrrrr