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Geomorphology

Geo - Earth

Morpho - Structure

Logy - Study

Geomorphology is the study of earth's origin, landforms and the processes that shapers them.

Father of geomorphology - William Marris

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Cycle of the erosion examine evolution & development of landforms over time.There are three main stage

(1). Youthful stage

(2). Mature stage

(3). Old Age stage

(4). Renewal stage

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Horizontal movement is organic movements occur through ( force of compressional and tension)

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Flooding is a deformation of Earth's crust.As a result of compressional stress fold formed.

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🔸 Symmetrical

🔸 Asymmetrical

🔸 Overturned

🔸 Recumbent

🔸Isoclinal

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Vertical movements are known as "Epeirogenic movement"

Sudden movement are occurs at the tectonic plate margins.

Example ÷Earthquakes

Volcanic eruption

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Extrusive landform, Fluvial landform, Aeolian landform,Karst landform, Coastal landform and Glacial landform are them

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Erosional Landforms

Depressions formed

when wind removes

loose surface material.

Depositional Landforms

Mounds or ridges of sand deposited by wind.

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1. Source

The beginning of a river or stream, often found in highland or mountainous areas.

2. Watershed Boundary

The boundary separating one drainage basin from another.

3. Confluence

The point where two or more rivers or streams meet.

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To analyze the structure of river systems

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To analyze the structure of river systems

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1. First-order streams: Smallest, no tributaries.

2. When two streams of the same order merge, the resulting stream increases by

1 + 1 = 2

2 + 2 = 3

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Characteristics of the Upper Course

1. Steep Gradient – The river flows down from a high elevation, giving it a lot of energy.

2. V-Shaped Valleys – Vertical erosion by the river cuts deep into the land, forming narrow, steep-sided valleys.

3. Waterfalls & Rapids – Occur where there are layers of hard and soft rock; soft rock erodes faster, creating drops.

4. Erosion Dominates – Mainly vertical erosion (downward cutting), using processes like hydraulic action and abrasion.

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Landforms by the erosional work of River

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Landforms by the erosional work of River

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1).V-shaped valley.

2). Gorge and Canyon.

3). Waterfalls.

4).Meanders.

5). Oxbow Lakes.

6). Alluvial Fans and Deltas.

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Flooding can have severe and widespread impacts on both humans and the environment.

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Flash floods and major river floods can cause drawing and physical trauma.

Homes, vehicles and personal belongings can be destroyed.

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Karst landscapes is a type of a another landscape find in some part of the world. It is a chemical weathering soluble rocks such as limestone, dolomite, gypsum

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Karst caves are created through a process known as chemical weathering.

Rainwater absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and soil faming a weak carbonic acid.

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classified based on where magma cools and solidifies

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Coast area - land meets the sea

Coast - strip of land that combines the mainland and the sea.

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Costal zone occur ath the interface between the three major natural systems at the earth surface

Atmosphere

Ocean

Land surface

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Coastal zones is known as transition zone between land and marine ecosystems.

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Sections of a coast

Foreshore

Back shore

Near - shore

Off- shore

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Coastal landforms are these landforms found along coast that have been created by coastal processes of erosion, transportation and deposition.

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Beach ,Spit, Bar,Tambolo

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Glaciers can be classified into two general groups,

Alpine glaciers

Alpine glaciers, also known as mountain glaciers.

Ice Sheets

Ice Sheets are found in polar regions near the Earth's poles.

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Around 90% freshwater requirements of the earth surface is fulfilled.

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Erosion

Transportation

Deposition

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Processes of erosion ÷ plucking

Abrasion