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Nicolaus Copernicus would be the first person the challenge the theory of the earth being the center of the universe. Nicolaus came up with a theory called Heliocentric theory this theory says that the sun is the center of the universe not the earth. Nicolaus would not publish his finding about it until his death as if he were to publish it when he was alive the Catholic Church would have likely killed him for heresy.

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Johannes Kepler would find out that planets travel on ellipses. He would publish his findings about the ellipses to the public. He would not get punished by the Catholic Church because they were trying to stop the spread of Heliocentric theory.

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Galileo Galilei would use his telescope to prove Copernicus theory about the sun being the center of the universe. Galileo would publish a book about his findings called Starry Messenger, the Catholic Church didn't like that he published so the made him go to trail for heresy. Galileo would ask for forgiveness and he was granted forgiveness but he was on house arrest for the rest of his life.

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William Harvey was an English doctor found out how veins work. He would tie a part of the arm and make the person grab a wooden rod. Doing this would make the vein to show up on the surface of the skin allowing him to found out how they work.

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Sir Isaac Newton was the fist scientist to find out that the force of gravity would attract all objects to one another. Isaac Newton would also find out about the laws of motions and laws of mathematics. Newton found out about gravity from an apple falling from a apple tree.

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Francis Bacon would be the first person to use the scientific method. Bacon would publish his finding of the scientific method to the public. Bacon would explain that the scientific method would prove hypothesis with scientific experiments.