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Ebola is caused by the virus Zaire ebolavirus. With its origins coming from the Ebola River, which is within the Democratic Republic of Congo. However, there are multiple different forms of the virus, such as Sudan ebolavirus or Reston ebolavirus; the Zaire variant just happens to be the deadliest one.

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Ebola is spread by coming into contact with bodily fluids of an individual who is either actively showing symptoms of the virus or has recently passed due to it. These bodily fluids include blood, vomit, sweat, diarrhea, breast milk, or semen. Surfaces which have been in contact with any of these fluids can also transmit Ebola.

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Symptoms of Ebola range from fever, muscle soreness, fatigue, and sore throat. To more severe symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, and severe abdominal pain. The worst of them being the hemorrhaging of the body internal and external.

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There are three ebolavirus proteins that are considered to be its most pathogenic, those being VP35, VP24, and GP. VP35 and VP24 affect interferons within the body, which are released by the body when in contact with the virus. The GP protein interacts with the body, signaling inflammatory responses.

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The diagnosis of Ebola comes from a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test of the blood from an infected person. While the test can detect small amounts of the virus within the blood, this requires the onset of symptoms which can take up to 3 days to become apparent. Average time for the PCR test is anywhere from 4-6 hours. Ebola is also a disease that must be reported to a local heath department if a positive test is confirmed.

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Long term impacts on the body from Ebola vary to different parts of the body. The most common of these being Arthralgia (joint stiffness). Others include ocular issues such as conjunctivitis (pink eye), neurological issues have even been reported due to the Central Nervous System going into shock while fighting off the infection. Lastly, skin problems are also present in long term cases because of the hemorrhaging of skin.

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As of today there is a vaccine for the Zaire variant of the virus, which is great because this is the most deadly version of Ebola. There is also two different kinds of treatment for the virus: Inmazeb and Ebanga which are both monoclonal antibody treatments. And what these treatments do is essentially act like your bodies own antibodies allowing it to fight back against the virus. These two treatments, however are for the Zaire variant as well, so isolating and keeping out of contact with any bodily fluids is still extremely important because the viruses other variants.

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Ebola has an average survival rate of 50% !!! This makes it extremely dangerous ( who would have thought ). This high percentage is partially because of the lower levels of health care where the virus is more prevalent such as the DRC, but that doesn't mean it isn't any less dangerous.

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“Ebola: Frequently Asked Questions - MN Dept. Of Health.” Ebola: Frequently Asked Questions - MN Dept. Of Health, www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/ebola/basics.html#:~:text=Ebola%20is%20spread%20by%20direct,has%20recently%20died%20from%20Ebola. Accessed 21 Nov. 2022.

“Signs and Symptoms | Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever | CDC.” Signs and Symptoms | Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever | CDC, 14 Oct. 2022, www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/symptoms/index.html.

Yamaoka, Satoko, and Hideki Ebihara. “Pathogenicity and Virulence of Ebolaviruses With Species- and Variant-specificity.” PubMed Central (PMC), 18 Mar. 2021, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7993122.

“Diagnosis | Ebola (Ebola Virus Disease) | CDC.” Diagnosis | Ebola (Ebola Virus Disease) | CDC, 14 Oct. 2022, www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/diagnosis/index.html#:~:text=Ebola%20virus%20can%20be%20detected,low%20levels%20of%20Ebola%20virus.

Vetter, Pauline, et al. “Sequelae of Ebola Virus Disease: The Emergency Within the Emergency.” The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 1 June 2016, www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(16)00077-3/abstract.

Vetter, Pauline, et al. “Sequelae of Ebola Virus Disease: The Emergency Within the Emergency.” The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 1 June 2016, www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(16)00077-3/abstract.