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These transducers are used more during superficial exams such as thyroid, testicular, MSK, Skin, soft tissue

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-unfocused is going to have a straight line
-focused beams will created a curved line

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These are very sophisticaed in which each pattern is slightly different than the pattern before it.
Since this transducer created a sector shaped image the beam former is the electronic within the system that creates these patterns

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The image created by this transducers has a similar process of mechial transducer meaning that a fan or sector-shape sweeping is used to create the image
- The beam steering is electronic though and the beam focusing is also electronic and can be adjusted
- With altering the timing of the indicent elements the beam will alter its direction

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These are used in vascular imaging to create a better reflector to spectral or color doppler

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The shape rectangle on the screen is never wider than the footprint

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-Older linear sequential arrays used only external fixed focusing which is a lens infront of the PZT.
-This new equipment is electronically focused which in turn uses both the transmit and receive focusing.

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If a PZT element is damaged there is going to be a horizontal drop out since the PZT is in rings, so if there is damage to the inner ring the horizontal drop out will be at the superficial region.

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-These transducers are very similar to linear array transducers, but instead of having that flat surface they are curved
-When do we use these? They are generally used for transabdominal, OB, fetal echo, GYN, and urology images since they have a wider aperture and a low frequency allowing for a deeper image

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This is a vector array transducer in action

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How can vector array transducers be steered?
Since these transducers have linear phased array transducer electronics they are able to be steered. Remember if PZT is damaged the steering becomes poor!

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These are older transducers, and now there are more modern day transducers. One downside of this transducer is that the whole image is lost because it only has the one PZT so no information can be gathered.

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The elements are arranged as circular rings with a common center

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Edelman, S. K. (2012). Understanding ultrasound physics
(4th ed.). Esp.
What are the benefits of the
different ultrasound probes?
Intergra Medical Systems.
(2020, April 13). Retrieved
December 5, 2022, from
https://intergramedicalsystems.c
om/project/transducers/

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Transducers with as also known as probes have two main functions, when transmitting a sound the electrical energy converts to sound, and the Receiving sound pulse is converted into electricity.

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The term "phased array" always means "adjustable" or multi focus

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1. Linear Phased array
2. Linear sequential array
3. Annular Phased array
4. Mechanical transducer
5. Convex, Curved, Curvilinear array transducer
6. Vector array transducer