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The Newgate Calendar is a bulletin based in London that highlighted and dramatized everyday stories of crime. It gave readers the sense that crime is everwhere.

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Gothic, gory, ghosts, ordinary people

The Penny Dreadfuls, too, gave readers the sense that crime is everywhere.

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The Newgate Novels added a moral factor to crime- the good guys win and the bad guys lose.

Oliver Twist

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Father of the detective story

His detective August Dupin is very similar to Sherlock Holmes - governed by logic, reason, method

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Plot driven, violent, interest in secrets

Based on real cases

Proto-feminist - based around strong women

Not morally based

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The first police procedural is The Moonstone by Wilkie Collins

Police procedurals become a hit again after WWII

Gives notion that good guys win, bad guys lose

During the times of McCarthyism

Isabella Maldonado's The Cipher 2020

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Arthur Conan Doyle publishes his first novella, "The Study in Scarlet," in 1887, but he is not made popular until the publication of his short story, "The Scandal in Bohemia," in 1891.

Arthur Conan Doyle published his short stories in installments in The Strand Magazine.

Patterns:

Red herrings

Focus

Ennui

The sense of play in adventure

Strong denouement

Melodrama

Genteel atmosphere

Arthur Conan Doyle gives us back the detective: the clear hero, restores order

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Women evolving, feminism, stepping out

Focus on independence

Irene Adler from Arthur Conan Doyle's "A Scandal in Bohemia"

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1920s/1930s- The Tabloids Focus on Crime 

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1920s/1930s- The Tabloids Focus on Crime 

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Agatha Christie, James M. Cain, and many other crime fiction authors base their stories on true crime

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1918-1939- Golden Age of Detective Fiction

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1918-1939- Golden Age of Detective Fiction

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Britain

In between world wars- used as an escape

Featured:

Margaret Allingham

John Dickinson Carr

Dorothy Sayers

Agatha Christie

GK Chesterton

Characteristics:

Clue puzzles

Crime as a rational, deductive process

Amateur detectives

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Female Detective Fiction Writers Emerge!

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Female Detective Fiction Writers Emerge!

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Because crime literature was considered low status, it was easy for women to enter the field

Time of change and modernization of women’s roles during golden age and after World War II

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America's response to the Golden Age in Britain

Featured:

Dashiell Hammett

James M. Cain

Raymond Chandler

John Carroll Daly- Pioneer of hardboiled fiction

Characteristics:

Cynical sensibility

Understated, ironic, terse, wisecracking language

Moral ambiguity

Emphasis on sex and violence

Gritty and transgressive settings and situations

Mistrust of rich and powerful

Separates American literature from British- realism, blunt, does not romanticize life

American Nationalism

Walter Mosley’s Devil in a Blue Dress resembles hardboiled fiction

Walter Mosley is one of the black authors we studied, he based his stories off his real-life experiences

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The Detection Club is an organization founded in 1928, established by a group of mystery writers in Britain including:

Agatha Christie

Dorothy Sayers

John Dickenson Carr

GK Chesterton

They held secretive and elitist meetings, had secret rituals, and shared their plots

They had their own set of commandments for mystery writing

Example of play fever experienced in the 1920s

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During WWII

Features the psychopath:

Egocentric and antisocial personality

Criminal tendencies

Deceptive

charming

“Suffering soul”

Featured authors:

Cornell Woolrich

Patricia Highsmith

Gillian Flynn

Characteristics:

Voyeurism

Suspense

Prospect emotions of hope and fear

Features the Confidence man

Juxtaposes the English gentleman

We see the influence of Ripley, one of our con men, all throughout literature

Jay Gatsby from F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby

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How the french described Hollywood films released 1940-1944 after World War II

Notable Film Noir Films:

Double Indemnity

The Maltese Falcon

The woman in the Window

Characteristics:

Complex narrative structure

Fascination with urban spaces

Femme fatale

Interest in marginalized spaces

Chiaroscuro and low-key lighting

Elaborate camera work

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1970s - Reemergence of Film Noir – Neo Noir

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1970s - Reemergence of Film Noir – Neo Noir

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Although historical fiction has been around for ages, in the past 20 years historical fiction has become extremely popular

Why?

As it feels the world is becoming bleak, going back to the past can act as an escape

Offers readers the feeling that problems have always been around, not just now, as a sort of comfort

We have a drive to go back to the past and see what we did wrong that led us here (and how to fix it)

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We see women in crime fiction with the rise of The New Woman in 1894

Women were very present during the Golden Age

We have studied:

Agatha christie

Patricia Highsmith

Donna Tartt

Gillian Flynn

Isabella Maldonado (who is also a writer of color)

Women play a bigger role in crime fiction today than ever

Contemporary female crime writers-

Don’t believe in heroes

Light on gun play and body count

Focus on psychology of murder- the why

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Chester Himes

Spent time in Prison and learned how to write

Walter Mosley

"First" black investigator in crime fiction

Themes:

Black men’s struggle for power and respect

Black migration from deep south- disappointment and heartbreak

Re-working of hardboiled elements

Male friendship

Based his writing off of his own experiences

Isabella Maldonado

Unfortunately, as we learned from “Changing the Face of Crime Fiction,” authors of color are still struggling to be properly recognized in the crime-writing community today.