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Nazi Germany, under Adolf Hitler, annexed the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia after the Munich Agreement. This act of appeasement by Britain and France emboldened Hitler to continue his aggressive expansion.

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Japan launched a surprise attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, leading to the U.S. officially entering World War II. The attack crippled the Pacific Fleet but also galvanized American support for the war.

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A turning point in the Eastern Front, this brutal battle between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union resulted in a devastating German defeat. It marked the beginning of the Soviet push westward toward Berlin.

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4. Fall of Berlin (April 16 – May 2, 1945)

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4. Fall of Berlin (April 16 – May 2, 1945)

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The Soviet Red Army captured Berlin, leading to the surrender of Nazi Germany. This marked the official end of the war in Europe and the downfall of Hitler’s regime.

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Allied forces launched Operation Overlord, storming the beaches of Normandy, France, to begin the liberation of Western Europe from Nazi control. It was the largest amphibious invasion in history.

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The first major Allied offensive in the Pacific, this six-month battle marked a strategic victory against Japan. It signaled the start of the U.S.’s island-hopping strategy.

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U.S. forces fought to liberate the Philippines from Japanese occupation, fulfilling General Douglas MacArthur’s promise to return. The campaign included the largest naval battle in history, the Battle of Leyte Gulf.

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Adolf Hitler committed suicide in his Berlin bunker as Soviet forces closed in. His death symbolized the collapse of the Third Reich.

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The U.S. dropped the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan, killing tens of thousands instantly. It was a decisive moment that led to Japan’s eventual surrender.

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10. Meeting at Yalta (February 4–11, 1945)

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10. Meeting at Yalta (February 4–11, 1945)

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Allied leaders (Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin) met to plan post-war Europe. Agreements included the division of Germany and the establishment of the United Nations.

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11. Meeting at Potsdam (July 17 – August 2, 1945)

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11. Meeting at Potsdam (July 17 – August 2, 1945)

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The last wartime conference where Truman, Churchill, and Stalin discussed Japan’s surrender and post-war Europe. It also issued the Potsdam Declaration, warning Japan to surrender or face destruction.

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A decisive naval battle in which the U.S. destroyed four Japanese aircraft carriers, shifting the balance in the Pacific War. It ended Japan’s naval superiority.

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The site of the Manhattan Project, where scientists developed the atomic bomb. The project was led by physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer.

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14. Japanese Internment Camps (1942-1945)

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14. Japanese Internment Camps (1942-1945)

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The U.S. government forcibly relocated and detained Japanese Americans in camps, fearing they might be loyal to Japan. This policy was later recognized as a grave violation of civil rights.

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A military strategy used by the Allies in the Pacific, bypassing heavily fortified islands and capturing weaker ones. This approach helped bring U.S. forces closer to Japan.

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