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Archie B. Carrol and Kareem M. Shabana ‘The Business Case for Corporate Social Responsibility: A Review of Concepts, Researh and Practice’, International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(1) PP. 85-105.

The article by Carroll and Shabana (2010) provides an in-depth analysis of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and its role in promoting social justice, ethical corporate governance, and accountability. I chose this article because it effectively demonstrates how CSR contributes to long-term business success while addressing human rights and sustainability challenges. It offers valuable insights into how responsible corporate actions benefit various stakeholders, including employees, consumers, and marginalized communities. One of the key arguments presented is that CSR is not just an ethical responsibility but a strategic business tool that enhances corporate reputation, financial performance, and stakeholder trust. This perspective aligns with my research on how CSR initiatives can drive social change while ensuring business sustainability. The article highlights how integrating CSR into core operations leads to long-term profitability and competitive advantage, reinforcing the idea that corporate responsibility should not be treated as secondary or optional. Carroll and Shabana (2010) provide a structured framework for understanding CSR by analyzing its four key dimensions—economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary responsibilities. This approach helps clarify how corporations can balance profit-making with their broader social obligations. The study also draws on empirical research and real-world case studies, strengthening its practical relevance. By examining different CSR models, the article provides a comprehensive view of corporate accountability and its role in addressing global challenges, including human rights and environmental sustainability. Another important aspect of the article is its focus on the growing expectation for businesses to operate ethically in an era where sustainability influences corporate success. The authors emphasize that CSR should go beyond philanthropy and compliance, positioning it as a driver of meaningful social impact. This aligns with modern discussions on corporate responsibility, where businesses are expected to proactively contribute to social justice and human rights. Carroll and Shabana (2010) offer a well-researched analysis of CSR’s role in corporate success and social responsibility. The article provides a strong theoretical foundation and practical examples, making it a valuable resource for understanding how businesses can align their strategies with ethical and sustainable principles. By linking CSR to long-term profitability and social impact, the research reinforces the importance of corporate responsibility in today’s business landscape.

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Int J Management Reviews - 2010 - Carroll - The Business Case for Corporate Social Responsibility  A Review of Concepts -2

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Well done team. I can confirm I have been given correct access. Thank you - Claire (Your module leader)

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Well done team. I can confirm I have been given correct access. Thank you - Claire (Your module leader)

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Anastasiou, D., & Kauffman, J. M. (2013). The social model of dis ability: Dichotomy between impairment and disability. Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 38(4), 441–459. https://doi.org/10. 1093/jmp/jht026 Anderson, J., & Philips, J. (2012). Disability and Universal Human Rights: Legal, ethical, and conceptual implications of the conven tion on the rights of persons with disabilities. Utrecht: Netherlands Institute of Human Rights (review on 20th FEB 2025

This article was review and published on 13th july 2023 by Jeroen Knevel, Jean Pierre Wilken and Alice Schippers. The author includes united Nations when pointing out human rights. The united nations Convention is mentioned by the author which was formed by the United Nations in 2006 which makes is recent.

Relevance; People with intellectual disability seem to be not included in society or political sector. They are deprived socieconomic positions. Their voices are barely heard thus amplifying epistemic injustice. Social workers play a key role by helping people with intellectual disability and any other disability by helping them engage with the society thus promoting inclusion.

This article gives is about social worker skills which may contribute to the protection of the rights of the adults with intellectual disabilities. The purpose of this article is to encourage people with disabilities to participate in schools, workplaces, public transportation and sports. Social contract refers to a society were a mutual advantage is foe all members assuming everyone is equal in every capacity.

An embrace of both social workers and legal laws each when practiced each contributes to ensuring people with disability are included. Consequently social workers should respond adequately to challenges in the realization of the rights of persons with disability. It is to learn that inclusion concerns the basic needs of every human being that need and require protection.

Social work is like a human rights profession that strives for social justice for people who are vulnerable and deprived social positions as they provide support for them with support and care.

Social workers are required to have skills for engagement to encompass responsiveness from the person with intellectual disability and their family members. This skills include being tolerant, having empathy, respecting their wishes and feelings and being alert to service their clients needs. It demands communicational skills and knowledge of the different ways people with different needs communicate. This will address appropriate measures to enable persons with disabilities to achieve and maintain maximum independence. The government should promote more training and rules required for social workers that will help them provide better care. In addition, the government should provide support for social care workers as their responsibilities can sometimes become over bearing and overwhelming for them by for example promoting and encouraging therapy in their workplace.

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HARWARD REFERENCE

Podgorodnichenko, N., Edgar, F., Akmal, A., & McAndrew, I. (2021).'Sustainability through sensemaking: Human resource professionals’ engagement and enactment of corporate social responsibility. Journal of Cleaner Production,293,126150. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126150

(Accessed: 20 february 2025 )

(reviewed on 21th feb 2025)

This article is a journal article of Cleaner production. The authors of the article "Sustainability through Sensemaking: Human Resource Professionals’ Engagement and Enactment of Corporate  Social Responsibility" are: Nataliya Podgorodnichenko, Fiona Edgar , Adeel Akmal and  Ian McAndrew. I selected this article because it offers insightful information about how important HR professionals are to the integration and implementation of Consumer social responsibility in business. This subject is important since companies are having to deal with social and environmental issue more and more, which calls for a strategic approach to sustainability

This article focus on the understanding process, which examines how HR professionals comprehend and apply Corporate Social Responsibility ideas in the workplace, is one of the main reason it was chosen. Although many businesses openly support Corporate Social Responsibility programs, Its frequently unclear how HR specialists actually participate in these projects. The study provides concrete proof on how HR professionals manage Corporate Social Responsibilities through semi-structed interviews conducted in Australia and New Zealand using qualitative approach. This viewpoint is essential because, despite the fact that theoretical models support the merging of Human resource management and Corporate social responsibility there is frequently a gap in the reality

Three main strategies for merging Consumer social responsibility and Human resource management are identified in the article, which also looks how HR professionals views affect their degree of involvement. It emphasises how organisational and social factors, along with the individual characteristics of HR professionals, influence Corporate social responsibility sensemaking. The study helps in closing the gap between policy and practice by demonstrating that effective Corporate social responsibility programs rely on both company-wide activities and the attitude and behaviour of HR personnel. The research also supports current worries about sustainable business practices. HR plays a crucial role in supporting employee engagement, sustainability training , and an ethical work place. The article highlights the need for HR professionals to lead significant shifts within their organisations as part of Corporate social responsibility programs which must go beyond business talk

In the end, I chose this essay because it offers an advanced view on the relationship between HR and Corporate social responsibility underlining its importance of recognising in transforming Corporate social responsibility policies into reality. The study contributes to the wider discussion on sustainable business practices and the changing role of human resource managers in achieving such goals by looking at both structural and individual factors affecting Corporate social responsibility engagement

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HARWARD REFERENCE

Stahl, G.K., Brewster, C.J., Collings, D.G., & Hajro, A. (2020) 'Enhancing the role of human resource management in corporate sustainability and social responsibility', A multi-stakeholder, multidimensional approach to HRM',30(3), p. 100708.Available at: 10.1016/j.hrmr.2019.100708.

(Accessed: 21 february 2025)

(reviewed on 22th feb 2025 )

The choice of Stahl, Brewster, Collings, and Hajro’s article, Enhancing the role of human resource management in corporate sustainability and social responsibility: A multi-Stakeholder, Multidimensional approach to Human resource management, was based on its thorough and sensitive examination of the various ways in which Human resource management may encourage corporate sustainability and corporate social responsibility. Because business ethics, involvement of stakeholders and sustainability are becoming more and more essential to current enterprises , this article is especially important.

The article’s diverse approach to human resource management is one of the main primary consideration that led to its selection. The authors claim that Human resource management has always been largely preoccupied with financial results and profit for shareholders, failing to incorporate sustainability and social responsibility into its long term planning structure. The article offers an original viewpoint that coordinates human resource management with more general goals for sustainability, including as environmental, social and governance principles, by encouraging a multi stakeholder method. For companies looking to build long term value while upholding ethical values, this viewpoint is beneficial.

The article also makes an excellent argument for Human resource managements possible role in the development of sustainable business practices. The authors highlights how Human resource management may support meaningful, compared to merely a representation Corporate social responsibility initiatives and go beyond a compliance-based methods. They stress how important it is to match Human resource management procedures with the Sustainable development goals of the United nations particularly when it comes to topics like equality and inclusion, fair labor standards and sustainability in the environment. The article is especially strong because of the link between Human resource management and International environmental issues.

This article’s critical assessment of Human resource managements limitations in communicating with Corporate social responsibility is another fact in its selection. The authors discuss about how organizations often assign environmental programs to their legal or public relations department, leaving human resource managements out of Corporate social responsibility choices. Missed chances to take advantage on Human resource managements influence over corporate culture, leadership development and staff participation have resulted from this lack of integration.

To sum up, this article was picked because it presents a complete, insightful, and creative review of Human resource managements function in social responsibility and corporate sustainability. It is a useful tool for understanding how human resource management can actively support ethical company behavior because of its varied architecture and helpful findings.

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HARWARD REFERENCE

Andrew, J. (2013) ‘Incorporating human rights into the sustainability agenda’, Accounting Education: An International Journal, 22(4), pp. 418-420. Available at :10.1080/09639284.2013.817793.

(Accessed: 25 february 2025)

(reviewed on 26th feb 2025)

Jane Andrew’s article, “ Incorporating Human Rights into the  Sustainability Agenda,” offers a fascinating discussion on how to include human rights into sustainability and corporate social responsibility frameworks. This article’s insightful assessment of the frequently overlooked intersection of human rights, sustainability and business education is the main reason I chose it

The article’s critical viewpoint on how business schools shape the next generation of corporate leaders is one of the main reasons it was selected. Despite the growing focus on sustainability in corporate plans, the author draws focus on sustainability in corporate plans, the author draws focus on the lack of human rights discussion in management education. This matches with my interest on how colleges and universities may encourage ethical leadership that will have an impact on business practices. Particularly powerful is the idea that business students need to be prepared to examine, discuss, and evaluate human rights concerns in a business courses must shift from theoretical grasp of human rights to a more practical approach.

The article’s discussion of challenges in incorporating human rights into corporate sustainability was an additional factor in my choice. Andrew adds on McPhail’s (2013) claim that, despite the obvious connections between social and environmental duties, sustainability education frequently lacks on organized attention to human rights. The article effectively describes the disagreements that exist between normal business goals like market expansion and profit maximization and ethical values like corporate responsibility and human rights. This multifaceted approach touched a chord with me since it advocates for a more moral and socially responsible company environment while acknowledging the complexities of corporate decision making.

The article provides a useful analysis of the methods used to hold companies responsible for human rights violations. It discusses new laws meant to uphold human rights values and the expanding role of multinational firms in global governance. In the current business climate, when stakeholders-such as investors and customers-demand increased accountability and transparency, this discussion is especially important. The article’s discussion of ow accounting and reporting influence business conduct makes it even more important to the conversation around corporate social responsibility

All things considered, I chose this article because it provides  an important argument for the necessity of integrating human rights into sustainability talks in business school. It is a must-read for anybody interested in social justice and corporate sustainability because it examines standard business practices and offers a road map for developing moral leadership.

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Tilmann Altwicker

Millennial socialism’, The Economist, 16 February 2019, at 9–10, available at www.economist.com/leaders/2019/02/14/ millennial-socialism; J. Stiglitz, The Price of Inequality (2012); B. Milanovic, Global Inequality (2016). 2A. Peters, ‘Global Constitutionalism: The Social Dimension’, in T. Suami, A. Peters, D. Vanoverbeke and M. Kumm (eds.), Global Constitutionalism from European and East Asian Perspectives (2018), 277, at 291–7

reviewed on 25th 2025

This article was reviewed and published by Tilmann Altwicker form the university of Zurich Switerland in 2022 making this article current.

Social justice has become an international concern as the rise of social economic inequality still rises since the 1970s till date.

The article mentions the use of articles from American convention of Human rights as a source. It was written by Tilmann Altwicker who is the chair of legal data science and public law of the university of Zurich.

The article says that human rights are less s significant when it comes to distribution of wealth from the rich to the poor as some rich people use illegal ways to acquire their wealth. Aristotel emphasized that equal citizens should have equal claim to shared goods produced by a political community. This was a suggestion to help the needy to acquire some wealth and get them out of poverty. It is a western political thought that emphasizes that every individual for themselves which is still happening today.

The resources for example medical services are not equally distributed. The rich get better medical services because they can afford to cover their medical bills while the poor get close to no medical attention due to they lack resources to pay for their well being. Medical company in this case are exploiting the poor as they have available resources to make medication easily available to all but they instead think of how to make more profit.

Its to challenge socioeconomic equality first in the context of equal pay for both men and women for equal work done. It challenges the government to provide or make medical assistance fair and available to all as everyone has a right to receiving proper health services. Moreover, it challenges political leaders to reduce the gap between the poor and the rich through the notion of creating a community other than an individualistic approach.

The reason for the large gap between the rich and the poor is the priority of liberal rights over equal rights which can be seen in for example political interest of politician who put their interest before the needs of their people. This can actually be seen in most third world countries. In order to bridge the gap between the poor services like education to all bridges the gap as it creates opportunities for the poor to work towards a certification that will earn him or her a respectable position in the society.

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Review : Comparing Human Rights and Social Justice for the World Day  of Social Justice

This article compares Human Rights and Social justice for the World Day of Social Justice published by the UAB Institute for Human Rights Blog . In this article we can find the connection between human rights and social justice , and focus on their importance in promoting fair treatment and quality in the world.

This article was published on February 21, 2022, which is very recent and provides a fresh point of view on that topic. Human rights and social justice is an ongoing issue globally and it has been a part of our discussion for centuries, but there are always new perspectives to add to our discussion which makes this article an up-to-date source.

As I have mentioned earlier this article provides a fresh perspective to the ongoing discussion about human rights and social justice . This article is very relevant for students , scholars and activists who are interested in the topic of corporate social responsibility and more specifically human rights and social justice.

The UAB Institute for Human Rights published this article in 2022., which is a well respected academic institution affiliated with the University of Alabama at Birmingham. This connection makes this article a strong and credible source . Although as a blogpost it is  slightly limited compared to scholarly journal publication.

This article provides accurate sources while giving information . It references official international frameworks such as the Universal Declaration of Human rights and the United Nations opinion on human rights . Although it is a blogpost and might lack extensive citations but its arguments are on the line with worldwide accepted definitions and principles ,

The main purpose of this article is to provide information and educate readers about the connections between human rights and social justice specifically in the context of the World Day of Social Justice . This article’s aim is to provide information and raise awareness instead of trying to promote a specific point of view

To Conclude , Despite the article being a blogpost it still provides great value to the topic,while being current and relevant. Also provides accurate and purposeful information with authoritative sources.

Harvard Reference: Bailey, M. (2022) Comparing Human Rights and Social Justice for the World Day of Social Justice. UAB Institute for Human Rights Blog. Available at: https://sites.uab.edu/humanrights/2022/02/21/comparing-human-rights-and-social-justice-for-the-world-day-of-social-justice/.

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Review : The Corporate Responsibility to Respect Human Rights

Professor John Riggie’s Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights were approved by the United Nation Human Rights Council in 2011. These Guidelines provide worldwide principles for how governments and corporations should handle human rights in their works, which should be in line with the current legal procedures even if they are not required by the law. Which is based on the framework for introduction of the “ Protect, Respect, and Remedy”

This article was published in 2012, nevertheless, it still provides relevant guidelines for the core framework of businesses to align with international human rights standards . In corporate social responsibility discussion these principles still provide value and widely reference in the modern world of today.

This document is still up-to-date and highly relevant for the researchers focused on sustainability , CSR, and human rights, while making its mark on businesses and policy making . Businesses and Organizations who are looking to integrate ethical and human rights practices into their operations still find it beneficial and believe it to be relevant because it details the United Nations “Protect, Respect and Remedy” Framework.

This document is an authoritative source for Human rights because it was published by the United Nations and it was validated by their  Human Rights Council. It was created by a widely cited academic ,Professor John Riggie , who is one of the top experts on business and human rights.

This Document provides its principles based on half a decade of boundless research by working with businesses, governments, and civil society. It offers well credited recommendations which are supported  by legal and ethical practices. Its accuracy is guaranteed by its reliance on international human right treaties, including the ILO Core Conventions and the International Bill of Human Rights.

The purpose of this document is to provide businesses and organizations a comprehensive and non-binding framework to uphold human rights. This document is not a law, instead it serves as a guideline for the organizations  to prevent and address human rights violations.

In conclusion, This document proves to be a credible and essential source for CSR and human rights while being relevant and authoritative .

Harvard Reference : United Nations (2012) The corporate responsibility to respect human rights: An interpretive guide. New York and Geneva: United Nations. Available at: https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Publications/HR.PUB.12.2_En.pdf.

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CSR to respect human rights by united nations

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Giuliani, E. (2014). 'Human Rights and Corporate Social Responsibility in Developing Countries’ Industrial Clusters', Journal of Business Ethics, 133, pp. 39–54.

Elisa Giuliani’s (2014) article, Human Rights and Corporate Social Responsibility in Developing Countries’ Industrial Clusters, examines the intersection of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and human rights within industrial clusters in developing economies. The study focuses on how businesses operating in geographically concentrated industries contribute to human rights advancements or violations, particularly in the context of weak regulatory frameworks. I chose Elisa Giuliani’s (2014) article Human Rights and Corporate Social Responsibility in Developing Countries’ Industrial Clusters because it aligns with my focus on sustainability and corporate social responsibility, particularly in the context of human rights and social justice. The article provides a critical examination of how corporate social responsibility (CSR) operates within industrial clusters in developing economies, where weak regulatory frameworks often enable human rights violations. Given that CSR is frequently promoted as a tool for ethical business practices, this article challenges the assumption that CSR alone is sufficient to prevent labor exploitation. The study is particularly relevant because it explores the dual nature of CSR. While some firms genuinely contribute to social progress, others engage in superficial CSR efforts—commonly known as “CSR-washing”—to mask unethical labor practices. Giuliani’s argument that voluntary CSR commitments often lack enforcement mechanisms highlights a significant flaw in current corporate governance models. This perspective is crucial in understanding why human rights violations persist despite CSR initiatives. A key reason for selecting this article is its discussion on global governance frameworks, such as the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights and the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises. Giuliani critiques the effectiveness of voluntary commitments, emphasizing the need for stricter legal regulations and independent audits. This aligns with my belief that CSR should not be treated as a mere branding strategy but as a binding commitment to ethical business conduct. The article also questions the assumption that industrial clusters automatically promote economic and social development. While these clusters can drive efficiency and innovation, they also foster environments where collective irresponsibility prevails, further exacerbating social injustices. From my perspective, Giuliani’s study offers a compelling critique of corporate practices in developing countries. While CSR has the potential to create positive change, it is often undermined by institutional weaknesses and corporate self-interest. I strongly agree with the article’s call for a multi-stakeholder approach, where governments, civil society, and international organizations play an active role in holding corporations accountable. In conclusion, this article is an insightful resource that critically examines the intersection of CSR and human rights, reinforcing the need for stronger regulatory frameworks to ensure true corporate accountability.

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Anwana, E., 2020, ‘social justice, corporate social responsibility and sustainable development in South Africa’, HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies 76(3), a6095.

The article by Anwana (2020) explores the link between social justice, corporate social responsibility (CSR), and sustainable development in South Africa. I chose this article because it provides a detailed analysis of how corporations can embed human rights and social justice into their CSR initiatives. It aligns with my subtopic by demonstrating how businesses can move beyond charity-based CSR to sustainable, rights-driven approaches that address social inequalities. The article discusses how corporations in South Africa are responding to socio-economic challenges through CSR initiatives. It emphasizes the importance of shifting from traditional philanthropic efforts to long-term investments in community development. This perspective is essential in understanding how CSR can serve as a tool for achieving social justice rather than just a compliance requirement. The discussion is particularly relevant to my research, as it examines CSR’s role in addressing systemic issues such as poverty, unemployment, and inequality. A key strength of the article is its integration of legal and ethical frameworks. Anwana (2020) references South Africa’s Constitution and international human rights treaties, illustrating how legal principles guide corporate social responsibility. This is valuable in understanding how businesses operate within a structured regulatory environment while still being encouraged to go beyond mere compliance. Additionally, the article highlights case studies of South African companies that have successfully incorporated social justice principles into their CSR strategies, making the discussion practical and applicable. Another significant contribution of the article is its argument that corporations should take a proactive role in promoting human rights. It contends that businesses have both an ethical and strategic interest in addressing social injustices, as sustainable business growth depends on stable and equitable societies. This reinforces the idea that CSR should not be treated as an optional corporate activity but as a fundamental responsibility for ensuring long-term social and economic stability. Anwana (2020) presents a strong case for integrating human rights and social justice into CSR initiatives. The article provides a thorough analysis of how corporations in South Africa can move beyond traditional philanthropy and adopt sustainable, rights-based approaches to CSR. It offers valuable insights into the role of legal frameworks and real-world examples, making it a relevant and informative resource for understanding the relationship between CSR and social justice.

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McCorquodale, R. (2009). 'Corporate Social Responsibility and International Human Rights Law', Journal of Business Ethics, 87(2), pp. 385–400.

The article by McCorquodale (2009) examines the intersection of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and international human rights law. I chose this article because it provides a critical analysis of how corporations engage with human rights obligations within the international legal framework. Given the growing importance of corporate accountability in human rights, this article is highly relevant to my subtopic, as it discusses both the legal and ethical dimensions of CSR in addressing social justice concerns. The article explores the challenges of implementing corporate human rights obligations across different jurisdictions. It addresses issues such as the extraterritorial reach of human rights law and the difficulties in holding corporations accountable for human rights violations. This aligns with my research focus on how businesses should integrate human rights into their CSR strategies to ensure long-term social justice. Additionally, the article highlights the evolving nature of corporate responsibility in response to international legal frameworks and societal expectations, which is crucial to understanding how businesses navigate human rights challenges in a globalized economy. McCorquodale (2009) presents a balanced analysis, discussing both the potential and limitations of international human rights law in regulating corporate behavior. The discussion is well-supported by legal and policy documents, case law, and real-world corporate practices, making the findings applicable to real-world scenarios. Furthermore, the article highlights key international mechanisms, such as the United Nations’ Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, which reinforce the responsibility of corporations in upholding human rights. This broadens the scope of the research by linking CSR efforts with global governance structures. The article argues that corporations should not only comply with legal obligations but also proactively contribute to the protection of human rights. It challenges businesses to move beyond voluntary commitments and adopt legally binding mechanisms to safeguard social justice. This perspective aligns with the broader sustainability agenda, ensuring that corporate operations do not undermine fundamental human rights. Moreover, it provides valuable insights into the legal remedies available for human rights violations, which is essential in assessing the effectiveness of current corporate accountability frameworks. McCorquodale (2009) provides a thorough examination of the relationship between CSR and international human rights law. The article offers an insightful analysis of corporate obligations in human rights protection and reinforces the need for businesses to integrate legally binding human rights commitments into their CSR strategies to promote long-term social justice. It is a valuable resource for understanding the legal and ethical responsibilities of corporations in the pursuit of sustainable business practices and human rights protection.

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Review : Human Rights and Social Justice - A false Dichotomy

This article is from a group of essays that covers the relationship between Human Rights and Social justice . But this specific article addresses a bigger issue that involves asking the question whether Human Rights and Social Justice are within the same area for discussion. Should the organizations that work in Human Rights can work in Social Justice issues.

This article was written by David Petrasek in 2015. This article is still suitable for contemporary discussions on both Human Rights and Social Justice . However, This article is almost a decade older and doesn’t have up-to-date economical and political contexts. But the argument presented by Petrasek is still admissible to the ongoing debate about the relationship between human rights and social justice, which is a valuable resource for this topic.

Petrasek’s article  thoroughly explores the idea whether human rights and social justice are two concepts or fundamentally connected.  These investigative ideas are very relevant for policymakers ,  activists , scholars who are  researching the connections between human rights and social justice .

A well-respected and honored human rights scholar and academic with resourceful experience in international human rights organizations, as well as Amnesty International and the UN. His academic and professional experience further reinforces the credibility of the article. In addition , this article was published by Amnesty International Netherlands , which in itself is an authoritative source for human rights advocacy.

The main objective of this article is to examine critically whether human rights and social justice are two different issues or interconnected. Petrasek’s aim is to inform and engage readers rather than enforcing a specific point of view. Additionally it effectively promotes in depth knowledge about how human rights helps achieve social justice.

In conclusion, David Petrasek, a well respected human rights scholar successfully provides knowledge about human rights and its relationship with social justice with up-to-date, relevant, and accurate knowledge while being authoritative and purposeful .

Harvard Reference : Petrasek, D. (2015) ‘Human rights and social justice – a false dichotomy?’, in Lettinga, D. and van Troost, L. (eds.) Can human rights bring social justice? Twelve essays. Amsterdam: Amnesty International Netherlands, pp. 89-94

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Review : This article illustrates the Indigenous political responses to the landmark Mabo (No.2) decision in Australia , also showcasing its significance in the broader wide discourse of human rights and social justice. In 1992 the Mabo decision challenged the concept of terra nullius and legally recognized the native title rights of Indigenous Australians.

This article, released in 2023 in the Australian Journal of Human Rights. Therefore, It is a recent and up-to-date description about the Indigenous rights in Australia. Considering that the Mabo(No.2) decision took place in 1992, this article demonstrates a contemporary analysis on its long-term effects, it also reflects on how Indigenous political responses have influenced ongoing human rights discussions.  This article was published recently and that guarantees modern viewpoints and  up-to-date legal frameworks .

The article is very relevant to the studies on human rights, social justice. It also provides a clear understanding of  Indigenous rights and legal history. The exploration of the Mabo(No.2) decision and how it triggered Indigenous activism, policy-making, and the broader human rights movement attracted many students and researchers who are interested in human rights , social justice , and Indigenous sovereignty.

This article is written by Allison Holland , A well known scholar in the Department of History and Archaeology at  Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. Her Educational credentials which are backed by a reputable institution ( Macquarie University) ensures the article’s credibility. Additionally, it was published in the Australian Journal of Human Rights, a peer reviewed publication, which guarantees the articles high academic standards . The illustration of official legal cases , government policies , and Indigenous leaders' statements strengthened the article’s credibility and reliability more.

Holland’s statements and study is credited by her thorough references to primary sources , legal frameworks and papers , academic and research based literature and government reports. She correctly conveys the historical and legal ideas of the Mabo(No.2) decision, which further credits that her claims are guaranteed by documented evidence. This paper is filled with references from key Indigenous figures like Lowitja O’Donoghue and references major legal instruments, for example , the Racial Discrimination Act 1975 and United Nations Working Group on Indigenous Population( WGIP).

This article’s purpose is to teach and share knowledge instead of  convincing or promoting a specific point of view. Her objective is to make analysis and gain knowledge about the indigenous political responses to the Mabo(No.2) Decision and conveying its importance to human rights and social justice .

In conclusion , Alison Holland's article is credible, relevant and has authoritative sources to back her research on human rights , Indigenous political activism, and social justice. The purpose for writing this article is to educate and inform instead of promoting her opinion or point of view.

Harvard Reference : Holland, A. (2023) ‘A salvage exercise for Aboriginal rights: human rights and social justice in Indigenous political responses to the Mabo (No.2) decision’, Australian Journal of Human Rights, 29(3), pp. 453–472.

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_A salvage exercise for Aboriginal rights   human rights and social justice in Indigenous political responses to the Mabo  No.2  decision

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ARTICLE 3

Harvard Reference

Pucelj, M. and Bohinc, R. eds., 2024. Bridging Human Rights and Corporate Social Responsibility: Pathways to a Sustainable Global Society: Pathways to a Sustainable Global Society. IGI Global.

Critical Review

This book is extremely appropriate to the subtopic, Human Rights and Social Justice, as it offers a modern viewpoint on the changing difficulties of applying human rights concepts at the nexus of sustainability, business, law, and human rights. It provides the most recent frameworks and insights on the subtopic while pointing out its current state.

The well-known academic publisher IGI Global, which specializes in corporate ethics, law, and sustainability studies, adds legitimacy to the book through their publication. The robust and trustworthy content of IGI Global books is ensured through peer assessment and widespread platform book use and publications by academics and industry professionals. For justification of relevancy and validity, by including elements it is noted that from economics, social sciences, law, and environmental studies, the book adopts an interdisciplinary approach. This is important since corporate social responsibility and human rights are complex problems that need to be discussed from a variety of angles. It is directly relevant to modern corporate practices since the book examines how companies might include human rights concerns into their sustainability plans.

The book's emphasis on practical applications, which includes case studies of companies putting human rights principles into practice in various regulatory contexts, is one of the strengths identified from the book review. This pragmatic viewpoint guarantees that our study is both theoretical and relevant to business decision-making. An obvious drawback is that corporate social responsibility tactics are frequently influenced by context, which means the strategy that is effective in one sector or area might not be in another.

Key Summary

This book examines the intricate connection underlying human rights and corporate social responsibility, examining how companies may integrate ethics into their sustainability initiatives. With ideas from economics, social sciences, and law, it draws attention to the legal, financial, and environmental difficulties of incorporating human rights into corporate governance.

In general, the book's key themes include how companies can strike a balance between their ethical commitments in various industries and financial gain and compensation policies, the influence of labor and environmental rights concerns on corporate social responsibility strategies, and case studies of businesses and countries related that have effectively implemented human rights legislation. The book concludes by arguing that in order to guarantee long-term sustainability and moral corporate governance, companies need to adopt enforced human rights obligations in addition to voluntary corporate social responsibility initiatives.

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REVIEW:

This article provides a comprehensive review of the integration of human rights into

social work education in the United States, emphasizing the profession's historical

and ethical commitment to social justice, cultural diversity, and the dignity of

individuals. It highlights the growing recognition of social work as a human rights

profession, as articulated in key documents such as the International Federation of

Social Workers' (IFSW) Global Definition of Social Work and the Council on Social

Work Education's (CSWE) Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards (EPAS).

Despite this recognition, the article notes that human rights education in U.S. social

work programs remains underdeveloped, with limited attention given to this critical

area in curricula.

The article is structured around three main themes: (1) the general need to integrate

human rights into social work education, (2) pedagogical frameworks and models

for incorporating human rights, and (3) measures and perceptions related to

assessing human rights integration. It underscores the importance of exposing

students to international human rights treaties, particularly economic, social, and

cultural rights, which are often overlooked in the U.S. context. The article also

discusses the historical development of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

(UDHR) and its relevance to social work, noting the U.S.'s selective ratification of

human rights covenants, which reflects broader cultural biases toward civil and

political rights over economic and social rights.

One of the article's strengths is its detailed exploration of pedagogical strategies for

integrating human rights into social work education. It suggests frameworks such as

global citizenship, which emphasizes literacy, empathy, and responsibility, and

service-learning opportunities that connect local and global human rights issues. The

article also highlights the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration, community

partnerships, and the use of creative methods like art and media to foster empathy

and engagement among students. Additionally, it discusses the challenges of

integrating human rights into existing curricula, including ideological resistance,

logistical barriers, and the lack of faculty training in human rights concepts.

The article also addresses the development of quantitative and qualitative measures

to assess human rights integration in social work education, such as the Human

Rights Lens in Social Work Scale (HRLSW) and the Human Rights Exposure in

Social Work Scale (HRESW). These tools provide valuable insights into how well

students and practitioners understand and apply human rights principles in their

work.

However, the article acknowledges several limitations, including the narrow scope

of the literature review, which focused on two databases and peer-reviewed articles

published in the last decade. It also notes the lack of consensus on a foundational

framework for human rights in social work education and the challenges of

overcoming cultural and ideological barriers in the U.S. context.

In conclusion, the article makes a compelling case for the intentional integration of

human rights into social work education to prepare culturally competent and globally

aware practitioners. It calls for systemic changes in social work programs, including

faculty training, curriculum development, and the use of innovative pedagogical

methods. By addressing these gaps, social work education can better equip students

to tackle contemporary challenges such as racial injustice, economic inequality, and

global health crises through a human rights lens. The article serves as a valuable

resource for educators, researchers, and practitioners seeking to advance human

rights in social work education and practice

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REVIEW:

This article explores the paradox of human rights in contemporary politics, law, and

social practice. While human rights have become a powerful tool for framing

grievances, the increasing tendency to frame nearly every grievance as a human

rights violation—referred to as "rights inflation"—risks undermining the

effectiveness of addressing systemic social problems. The author argues that issues

like poverty, inequality, and environmental degradation should be framed as matters

of “social justice” rather than human rights. This distinction is crucial because

framing grievances as human rights often leads to legalistic solutions that fail to

address the root causes of complex social issues.

The article begins by highlighting the proliferation of human rights claims, from the

right to internet access to the right to a clean environment, and critiques the

phenomenon of "rights inflation." Scholars across disciplines, including law,

philosophy, and sociology, have warned that the overuse of rights-talk risks

devaluing the moral and legal weight of human rights. The author argues that while

human rights are essential for protecting fundamental freedoms, they are not wellsuited for addressing systemic issues like poverty or inequality, which require

broader societal and economic reforms.

A key distinction is made between “human rights” and “social justice”. Human rights

are non-negotiable principles that protect fundamental freedoms, whereas social

justice involves creating conditions that enable individuals to pursue their vision of

a good life. The author contends that framing issues like poverty or environmental

degradation as human rights violations limits the solutions to legal remedies, which

are often inadequate for addressing systemic problems. Instead, these issues should

be framed as social justice concerns, which allow for more flexible and

comprehensive solutions.

The article also examines the implications of rights inflation in Canada, where the

entrenchment of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms in 1982 has led to a surge in

rights-based activism. Social movements and courts have increasingly framed

grievances—ranging from access to education to Indigenous rights—as human

rights violations. While this has empowered marginalized groups, it has also led to

a proliferation of rights claims that strain finite resources and create hierarchies of

rights. The author warns that this trend risks undermining the legitimacy of human

rights and diverting attention from the systemic changes needed to address social

injustices.

In conclusion, the article calls for a more nuanced approach to framing grievances.

While human rights are essential for protecting fundamental freedoms, they are not

a panacea for all social problems. Issues like poverty, inequality, and environmental

degradation should be framed as matters of social justice, which require systemic

solutions rather than legalistic remedies. By distinguishing between human rights

and social justice, societies can better address the root causes of systemic issues

while preserving the moral and legal weight of human rights.

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Review of the Article

The article effectively highlights the importance of social justice in public health

education, particularly at the University of Arizona’s Mel & Enid Zuckerman

College of Public Health (MEZCOPH). It argues that social determinants of health—

such as income, education, and environment—have a greater impact on health

outcomes than genetics or healthcare access. This perspective reinforces the

necessity of integrating social justice principles into public health curricula to

address health disparities.

One of the article’s key strengths is its thorough discussion of how MEZCOPH has

institutionalized social justice in its programs. The strategies mentioned include

modifying the curriculum, engaging students through brown bag discussions,

incorporating service-learning projects, and hosting an annual Social Justice

Symposium. These initiatives demonstrate a comprehensive and structured approach

to fostering awareness and action on social justice issues among students. By

providing specific examples of faculty and student involvement, the article

successfully illustrates how MEZCOPH has embedded social justice into its

educational framework.

Additionally, the article highlights student engagement in social justice initiatives,

emphasizing their role in advocating for equitable health policies and conducting

community-based research. This aspect underscores the real-world impact of

education that goes beyond theoretical knowledge, preparing students to address

systemic health inequities effectively.

However, despite its strengths, the article could benefit from a more empirical

evaluation of its claims. While it provides anecdotal evidence of student

participation and faculty commitment, it lacks concrete data measuring the longterm impact of these efforts. For instance, statistics on student career trajectories,

changes in community health outcomes, or comparative studies with other

institutions implementing similar programs would strengthen its argument.

Including these metrics would provide a more comprehensive assessment of

MEZCOPH’s success in integrating social justice into public health education.

Moreover, while the article focuses on MEZCOPH’s initiatives, it does not explore

potential challenges or resistance faced during implementation. Addressing

obstacles such as institutional barriers, faculty adaptation, or differing student

perspectives would add depth to the discussion.

Overall, the article presents a strong case for incorporating social justice into public

health education. It effectively showcases MEZCOPH’s innovative strategies while

highlighting the broader implications for public health practice. However, a more

data-driven approach and acknowledgment of challenges would enhance its

credibility and impact

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ARTICLE 2

Harvard Reference

Cao, Y., Lawson, B. and Pil, F.K., 2024. Social sustainability and human rights in global supply chains. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 44(1), pp.370-390.

Critical Review

This paper is essential to the investigation of social justice and human rights. Notably, the journal offers a thorough examination of how businesses handle social sustainability and labor rights in their international supply networks. The research is a useful tool for comprehending current business practices in this area as it provides practical insights into the tactics used by businesses to enforce human rights obligations in business, especially with suppliers after acknowledging it as a current issue generally for businesses.

This article's appearance in the International Journal of Operations & Production Management (IJOPM), a respectable, peer-reviewed record that is frequently regarded as a top-tier journal in supply- chain and management of operations and whose authors are additionally established scholars in the subject matter, adds to its legitimacy. Notably, the article engages in thorough investigation, which included interviews with social sustainability executives at 22 multinational firms and their sustainability professionals. This qualitative method offers complex insights into how top companies think about and carry out procedures to guarantee that workers' rights are upheld in their supply networks. Furthermore, a quantitative component is added by the study of unique supplier standards practices from manufacturing and extractive companies in the S&P 500 and FTSE 350 and this provides an extensive investigation of present standards in the industry and gives the journal relevance and dependability.

The study's emphasis on large-scale companies, however, could have limited its ability to adequately represent the difficulties small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) encounter when putting the equivalent methods into effect. However, the methods and perspectives discussed in the journal are widely relevant and provide a useful foundation for businesses of all sizes looking to raise the bar for human rights in their supply networks.

Key Summary

Notably, the study looks at how businesses protect the rights and welfare of workers in their supply networks. The authors reveal two primary strategies by conducting supplier standards of ethics and surveys, interviews with social sustainability authorities at 22 multinational corporations. The Transactional-Based procedure employed in companies to regulate conformity among suppliers, usually through strict agreements and frequent reviews, while the Relational-Based Method focuses on enhancing collaborating capacity and cultivating enduring relationships with suppliers to collaboratively improve the working environment. Conclusively, the move from purely compliance-driven methods to more cooperative techniques is highlighted in the investigation, which implies that combining the two approaches might result in supply- chain procedures that are more ethical and sustainable.

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ARTICLE 4

Harvard Reference

Schrempf-Stirling, J., Van Buren III, H.J. and Wettstein, F., 2022. Human rights: A promising perspective for Business & Society. Business & Society, 61(5), pp.1282-1321.

Critical Review

This journal indicates to be very pertinent to the current investigation regarding the subtopic of human rights and social justice in business sustainability and corporate responsibility because it discusses the increasing prominence of business and human rights in national regulations, global legislation, and the way companies operate. It also critically examines the reasons behind the success of business human rights scholarship, provides an analytical structure for analyzing the relationship between business human rights and corporate social responsibility (CSR), and establishes an investigation strategy for how business human rights can advance the field of social justice scholarship broadly.

Basically, the credibility of this journal can be said to be high based on the fact that the journal is published under the platform of the SAGE publication, which is a recognized top-tier business and society journal publisher. SAGE is a reputable scholarly publisher that is well-known for its humanities, social science, and business publications that undergo comprehensive peer review. The journal is made even more reliable by the fact that its authors—Schrempf-Stirling, J., Van Buren III, H.J., and Wettstein, F.—are seasoned scholars with a solid reputation in their disciplines.

The article's proactive viewpoint is a noteworthy strength. Through the identification of the collaborations between business human rights and CSR, the authors offer an itinerary for further study and implementation. Additionally, the journal offers a suitable philosophical framework for the subtopic on which account, the excellent theoretical perspective and empirical application demonstrates relevance and validity. One noteworthy observation is that this publication provides a thorough justification for the growth and acceleration of business human rights, although, the journal's emphasis on theoretical reasoning and lack of case studies examined, however, may be a drawback.

Key Summary

The study highlights how business human right scholarship has been flourishing and examines the increasing dynamic of business and human rights in national laws, organizational practices, and global policy. The authors offer a conceptual framework for examining the connection between corporate social responsibility and business human rights, arguing that adding human rights viewpoints can broaden and improve CSR studies and practice.

They concluded by demonstrating through argument that while business human right and corporate social responsibilities are primarily at opposite ends of these dimensions, they have a similar basis in terms of the justification, nature, and application of social control. As a result, they suggested a number of directions for further study on CSR influenced by BHR. This strategy emphasizes how crucial it is to match corporate operations with human rights standards in order to produce more moral and long-lasting results.

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HARVARD REFERENCE

Moeckli, D., Shah, S., Sivakumaran, S. and Harris, D.J. (eds.) (2022) The international human rights law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

SUMMARY

Prominent amongst the contemporary issues faced by humanity in today’s societies is that of “Human Rights and Social Justice”. Every human issue does have a feasible solution. The book “International Human Rights Law” written by leading experts in the field from all over the globe, seeks to explore root causes and possible solutions to the ongoing crisis.

Significantly, the book reveals a related development which is the acceptance by states that social rights are justiciable. This fosters the emergence of “ Sustainability and Corporate Social Responsibility”.

Due to the density of the book (total of 752 pages), I’ll humbly review just the first four chapters which correlate to our subject matter.

REVIEW

Upon applying the CRAAP Test Analysis to the article, I found the following opinion:

The article was published in 2022, which is recent. Nevertheless, the article still provides relevant insights that are applicable to ongoing discussions in the field. Also, the moral rights of the authors were properly asserted giving grounds for publication by the “Oxford University Press”.

Moreover, the article addresses relevant issues with practical examples such as, human rights are often outlined in documents like the Universal Declarations of Human Rights (UDHR), which was adopted by the United Nations in 1948. This information makes the article insightful and applicable to my research subtopic.

Although the book was edited by recognized experts of law like; Daniel Moeckli, the first four chapters were written by Ed Bate who’s an associate professor in law at the university of Leicester, a scholar of human rights and international law at the University of Southampton, and the author of “The Evolution of the European Convention on Human Rights” (Oxford University Press 2010). The author’s experience in the field lends credibility to the article.

Furthermore, the article is consisting of findings from other authoritative sources, which enhances its reliability and accuracy. Notably, the oldest human rights NGO in the world originates way back from1839 which was prompted by the abolition of slave trade. Therefore, it was one of the earliest human rights-related British foreign policy initiatives to adhere to human right and social justice.

In addition, this article supported by credible researchers is bias-free, it’s aimed at information and education rather persuasion of viewpoint. They’re opposing views on the universality or cultural relativism of human rights. The 1993 Vienna World Conference on Human Rights affirmed their universality, but cultural differences exist, and are very apparent in areas such as women's and LGBTIQ rights.

Finally, the diverse ideological approaches to issues concerning Human Right and Social Justice makes it a controversial and debatable subject to life. However, it’s safe to say that most edited collections of articles on human rights and social justice are written by lawyers and legislators. Therefore, the law becomes the primary mechanism for the safeguarding of human rights and social justice, and the prevention of human rights abuses (Beetham 1999; Douzinas2000). In my opinion “International Human Rights Law” could be an imperative companion for scholars and practitioners of human rights and social justice.

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Written by leading experts in the field, this compelling textbook explores the essentials of international human rights law, from foundational issues to substantive rights and systems of protection. A variety of perspectives bring this multifaceted and sometimes contentious subject to life, making International Human Rights Law the ideal companion for students of human rights. Digital formatsThis fourth edition is available for students and institutions to purchase in a variety of formats.The e-book offers a mobile experience and convenient access along with functionality tools, navigation features and links that offer extra learning support: www.oxfordtextbooks.co.uk/ebooks

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HARVARD REFERENCE

Ife, J., Soldatic, K. and Briskman, L. (2022) Human Rights and Social Work. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

SUMMARY

Social work is defined as a helping profession, whereby qualified personals are dedicated to assisting individuals and communities overcome challenges and improve their quality of life. Social work aims at advocating for the rights of their clients. Operating from a human rights standpoint and advancing social justice, we can promote "social change and development, social cohesion, and the empowerment and liberation of people," as specified in the International Federation of Social Workers (2014, para.2).

Although the book focuses on the outlook of Human Rights for a social worker, it also gives us insight into the knowledge of “Human Right and Social Justice”.

Due to the density of the book (300 pages), we’ll review chapter one and two.

REVIEW

This book was published in 2022, making it timely and relevant to current discussions. The field of Human Rights and Social Justice is very intricate.

Moreover, the book provides insight in understanding my subtopic . It expounds the concept of human right as related to Social Justice in three diverse folds: The first concept known as the “Natural Tradition”, corresponds to philosophers and theologians like John Locke, who during the United State Declaration of Independence said “ We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. (Jefferson et al. 1776)”.

Likewise, the second concept which appears more objective is known as “The Legal Tradition”. This view charges lawyers and legislators whose main responsibility is defending human right and social justice. Therefore, Human Rights are valid based on the ability of the government to provide and guarantee them.

Conversely, the “Constructed Tradition”, which is third analogy, denotes that human right is defined more fundamentally depending on the people’s opinion. Hence, making it a more collective and individualistic approach to humanitarianism.

Also, the validity of the editors’ credentials enhances the credibility of the article. Emeritus Professor Jim Ife who holds an honorary position at the Center for Human Rights Education in various Universities such as Curtin, Perth, and Australia.

Equally, Professor Karen Soldatic, whose research on global welfare regimes builds her 20 years of experience as an international, national, and state-based senior policy analyst, researcher, and practitioner.

In addition, Professor Linda Briskman, who is Professor of Human Rights at Swinburne University. She’s also a writer, researcher, and an advocate.

However, the chapters I’m reviewing were written by Liz Magee, who’s a famous writer and comedian.

Furthermore, the data provided in the book has empirical evidence making it accurate. Indeed, over 1,717 citations and published by the Cambridge University Press.

The purpose of this article is objective that’s, informing and educating rather than persuading. This minimizes bias as it accepts criticism. Notably, different countries argued that human rights aren’t universal, and they shouldn’t be mandated to abide by that which isn’t appropriate in their culture. That’s human rights aren’t “one size fits all," (Human Rights Watch,1996).

Finally, I find this article credible and reliable as it meets the criteria for the CRAAP Test. It provides a good foundation for further exploration of topic.

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Human Rights and Social Work: Towards Rights-Based Practice helps students and practitioners understand how human rights concepts underpin the social work profession and inform their practice. This book examines the three generations of human rights and the systems of oppression that prevent citizens from participating in society as equals.

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HUMAN RIGHT AND SOCIAL JUSTICE IN GLOBAL PERSPERCTIVE: AN INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL WORK.

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HARVARD REFERENCE

Mapp, S.C. (2020) Human Rights and Social Justice in a Global Perspective: An Introduction to International Social Work. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

SUMMARY

Human rights and social justice in a global perspective are crucial concepts in social work, targeting the value placed on humanity. This book recognizes that local issues are often interconnected with global challenges and resolves to use a collaborative and culturally sensitive approach to effectively address the contemporary issue. It references significant icons such as: Universal Declaration of Human Rights, as well as other UN human rights documents to moderate it analysis.

Moreover, chapter three expounds on Sustainable Development Goal which brings to light our main topic “Sustainability and Corporate Social Responsibility”.

REVIEW

After applying the CRAAP Test to the source, here is my evaluation:

This book was published in 2020. It adequately tackles the recent developments in human right, as well as new legislation and current social movements. This edition is the third edition, which has been updated and revised and is a critical reflection of the previous editions.

Besides, the different chapters in the book, tackles the global human right issues plaguing our today’s society such as human trafficking, war and conflict, refugee rights, poverty, gender equality, Aids, child welfare due to certain barriers and unwillingness of some states to adhere to policies aim at regulating and promoting Human Right and Social Justice. For example, in Afghanistan and Colombia, the increase of poverty has caused farmers to grow illegal drugs.

Moreover, this book was written by Susan C. Mapp, who has a PhD Education and is the co-founder and co-editor-in-chief of Journal of Human Rights and Social Work. She is the author of numerous book chapters and peer-reviewed articles on a variety of topics and has presented her work nationally and internationally. She has written five books on human rights and is an Associate Provost of Institutional Effectiveness and Innovation. However, her credentials, expertise, and background, adds credibility to this article.

Furthermore, the article has credible evidence and references which enhances its reliability. Notably, The Human Rights Council established the process known as the Universal Periodic Review, in which the human rights record of all UN member nations is reviewed on a rotating basis. The purpose of these assessments is to improve the state of human rights in all nations (UN Human Rights Council, 2018).

In addition, the primary purpose of this article is to inform and educate especially scholars and students to acquire adequate knowledge for them to become effective practitioners (Mapp & Gatenio Gabel, 2019).

The article presents multiple perspectives including positive, negative and criticism approaches. Thus, makes it void of bias. For instance, China argues that it is more important to meet the basic human needs for life than the more abstract political rights (Human Rights Watch, 1996).

Finally, I’m convinced that this article is reliable and satisfies all CRAAP criteria-being current, relevant, authored by a credible source, factually accurate, and presenting an objective purpose. Therefore, it can be considered a reliable resource for scholars and practitioners to use in studying human rights and social justice.

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Human Rights and Social Justice in a Global Perspective

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Social workers are global actors. From protecting the rights of individuals to working through the lasting impact of regional or international conflict, it is important to acknowledge the impact international social issues have on the work of social workers. In the third edition of Human Rights and Social Justice in a Global Perspective, Susan C. Mapp utilizes the human rights approach to examine social issues in the Global South, including AIDS, human trafficking, war and conflict, and climate change. Using the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, as well as other UN human rights documents, as a framework to examine social injustice and human rights violations, these issues are explained holistically to allow readers to understand the cultural context in which they arise and why they persist in society today. Each chapter closes with a “Culture Box,” which offers an in-depth look into the issue in, and cultural impacts surrounding, a specific country. Mapp provides suggestions for affecting change on every issue, both as a professional social worker and in one’s personal life, making this an ideal text for those looking to engage with international social work.

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Education, migration and citizenship in Europe: untangling policy initiatives for human rights and racial justice

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HARVARD REFERENCE:

Osler, A. (2023). Education, migration, and citizenship in Europe: Untangling policy initiatives for human rights and racial justice. In Global migration and civic education (1st ed., pp. 16).

SUMMARY

It is almost impossible to talk about Human Right without talking about social justice. Human Right can briefly be defined as basic rights, such as, freedom of speech, education, right to life, which relates to every individual in the world regardless of the race, gender, and belief. Meanwhile, social justice entails equal rights and opportunities in society. It aims at promoting fairness and well-being for all individuals. Education, for example is a basic and essential right for everyone regardless of their background or race.

REVIEW

After examining this article, I find it to be mostly reliable.

The article is up to date, published within the previous years (2023), making it relevant to current discussions. It tackles a possible question in line to the subtopic, such as, “How can equitable access to education, migration and citizenship in Europe enhance social justice and promote human rights”?

Moreover, the article makes reference to the European Union stating, “All citizens of member states are automatically EU citizens, a status that confers a range of specific rights and responsibilities, including the right to live and work within the EU without discrimination on grounds of nationality”.

The article also cites vital information about my immediate environment, for instance, in the UK, 4.1 million children were living in poverty in 2017/18. This represents more than 30% of the total child population, with certain regions and communities experiencing more acute levels of deprivation than others (Francis-Devine, Booth, and McGuinness 2019).

This article was written by Emeritus Professor Audrey Osler, who is professor of Citizenship and Human Rights Education at the University of Leeds. She Is widely known for her research on teachers' lives and careers, children's rights, and racial justice, and has worked as an educator in many countries, predominantly in Europe, East Asia, and North America. She works internationally and much of her research is comparative.

Furthermore, Audrey Osler has a PhD Education (Birmingham), and her career reputation adds credibility to the Findings. For instance, Presidential panel member: American Educational Research Association (San Francisco: 2005; New Orleans: 2011; Chicago:  2015; Washington DC: 2016)

The breakdown of fundamental rights of humans such as right to live, education, movement, and rights for humans to be treated with dignity and respect, makes the content relatively accurate for the subtopic as it provides relevant insights to my research and is supported by credible expect.

In addition, the main purpose of the article is to inform everyone especially scholars and law practitioners about the necessity of upholding the virtues, and integrity of humanity in relation to “Sustainability and Corporate Social Responsibility”. Therefore, it fosters community development and positive contribution to the environment by each individual as a result of mutual respect and the feeling of belonging.

Overall, in my humble opinion, this article is useful for understanding the basic concepts of Human Right and Social Justice, although not addressing all perspectives needed for a complete comprehension of the issue. I recommend consulting additional articles for a more in-depth-analysis.

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ARTICLE 1

Harvard Reference

S&P Global, 2019. Business and Human Rights: Towards a Decade of Global Implementation. Available at: https://www.spglobal.com/esg/csa/insights/sp-global-business-and-human-rights-report [Accessed on 13/2/2025].

Critical Review

This industry report offers a retrospective and quantitative viewpoint concerning the way businesses have been working with human rights fundamentals throughout the past ten years, making it a valuable resource for the examination of Human Rights and Social Justice in Business Sustainability and Corporate Responsibility, which is the context of the issue and sub-topic regarding this investigation. Notably, it is especially useful as it evaluates advancements and pinpoints enduring difficulties, providing simultaneously standard procedures and places in which businesses still struggle.

Basically, S&P Global, a reputable finance and data statistics company renowned for its proficiency in corporate sustainability and ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) analysis, is the publisher of this report, lending it a high degree of legitimacy. S&P Global is a trustworthy source on organizational human rights policies because it frequently assesses companies on their sustainability initiatives. Based on a thorough investigation, company data, and analysis of cases from many sectors, this report is reliable and valid as it offers efficient execution efforts and measurable outcomes.

The report's examination of long-term patterns is one of its main advantages. This report tracks the progress of human rights compliance over a ten-year period, allowing academics and companies to identify what tactics have succeeded while highlighting which gaps still remain, whereas several studies concentrate on current changes. A possible drawback, though, is that the industry report was released in 2019, which means certain procedures or rules could have changed since then. However, because it draws attention to systemic problems and persistent problems, it is still useful for comprehending how companies have addressed human rights issues and where they continue to face difficulties today.

Key Summary

A thorough analysis of how companies have incorporated human rights concerns into their everyday operations throughout the last ten years can be found in the S&P Global report (2019). Crucially, the report highlights numerous significant shifts, including the increasing prevalence of obligatory human rights due diligence laws like the UN and the UK Modern Slavery Act (2015), boosted transparency among companies via indicators of sustainability and ESG reports, along with supply chain responsibilities issues.

The report concluded that although there are signs of progress, it noted that many businesses nevertheless lack strong enforcement measures. In order to guarantee that human rights are not only declarations of purpose but rather quantifiable acts with tangible consequences, it advocates for improved reporting systems, more robust governance, and more corporate responsibility.

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REVIEW:

The article provides a comprehensive and critical analysis of the impact of Donald Trump's policies on public health, human rights, and global health initiatives. It draws a stark contrast between the transgressive humor of comedians like Lenny Bruce and George Carlin, who challenged societal norms through language, and Trump's more insidious use of executive power to suppress language and restrict rights. The article argues that Trump's actions go beyond mere censorship; they represent a systematic effort to undermine public health, erase identities, and roll back decades of progress in global health partnerships.One of the most striking points in the article is the detailed account of how Trump's policies have disrupted critical health programs, both domestically and internationally. The suspension of HIV antiretroviral supplies to Kenya and the halting of malaria prevention efforts in sub-Saharan Africa are particularly alarming. These actions not only jeopardize the health of millions but also threaten to reverse significant gains made in combating these diseases. The article effectively highlights the human cost of these policies, emphasizing the vulnerability of marginalized

populations, including LGBTQ+ individuals, pregnant people, and children.The article also underscores the broader implications of Trump's war on words and science. By banning terms related to gender and sexuality, Trump's administration is

not just engaging in linguistic censorship but is also obstructing the collection of vital health data. This impedes the ability of public health professionals to address

health inequities and provide evidence-based care. The article rightly points out that

these actions violate fundamental human rights, including the right to health, information, and non-discrimination.However, the article could benefit from a more balanced perspective by

acknowledging any potential counterarguments or complexities in the issues discussed. For instance, while it criticizes Trump's "America First" agenda, it does

not explore the broader political or economic context that may have influenced these policies. Additionally, the article could provide more concrete examples of how these policies have been challenged or resisted by activists, healthcare professionals,

and policymakers.Overall, the article is a compelling critique of Trump's impact on public health and human rights. It effectively uses specific examples to illustrate the far-reaching consequences of his policies and makes a strong case for the importance of

protecting language, science, and human rights in the face of political repression. The article serves as a timely reminder of the need for vigilance and advocacy to

safeguard the progress made in global health and human rights.

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HARWARD REFERENCE

Aghdam, A. J. (2024) ‘The Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in Advancing Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights', Legal Frameworks and Multinational Perspectives, 21(11), pp. 122-137.Available at: https://doi.org/10.9734/sajsse/2024/v21i11907.

(Accessed : 23 february 2025)

(reviewed on 24th feb 2025 )

Ali Javadi Aghdam’s article “The Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in Advancing Econamic, Social, and Cultural rights: Legal Frameworks and Multinational Perspectives” was chosen since it offers a thorough an in-depth analysis of the relationship between corporate social responsibility and human rights. This selection particularly significant to the subtopic of social justice and human rights within the overall topic of corporate social responsibility and sustainability. The article provides a solid basis in law for comprehending how corporate responsibility(CSR) initiatives affect social, cultural, and economic rights, especially in nations that are developing.

The strong legal basis of the article is one of the main factors in its selection. The author describes how corporate social responsibility depends on international as well as domestic legal frameworks and is not just a voluntary practice. The article highlights the legal duties and responsibilities of large corporations by mentioning important global organizations including the Organization for Economic Corporation and Development, The International Labour Organization and The United Nations. Understanding how companies can  be held harmless for their effects on society, especially in nations with liberal rules and regulations, requires a knowledge of their legal position

The article’s focus on economic, social,  and cultural rights- a vital aspect of human rights that can be overlooked in corporate social responsibility discussions – is another important factor in its selection. The author highlights how consumer social responsibility may help with problems including sustainable development, worker rights, reducing poverty, and protecting the environment. The research highlights how corporate social responsibility programs can help close the gap between social justice and corporate profitability, ensuring that companies do more for society than jus maximizing shareholder wealth.

Furthermore, the article’s confidence is further strengthened by its scientific approach. Through case studies and legal analysis, the author carefully investigates the effects of corporate social responsibility o human rights using a descriptive-analytical research method. The conversation on how multinational firms might support healthcare, education, and development of infrastructure in developing nations, provides the theoretical ideas discussed an application in real life.

Lastly, the article is in line with current international debates about social responsibility and ethical company behaviour. The study offers important insights into how companies could implement corporate social responsibility practices that agree with international human rights regulations in a world where customers and other stakeholders demand more ethical responsibility and accessibility from organizations. In conclusion the article is an important tool for learning how corporate social responsibility advances social justice because of its thorough legal investigation, attention to human rights, and practical applications.

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div-class-title-human-trafficking-and-forced-prostitution-under-article-4-of-the-european-convention-on-human-rights-divRantsev v. Cyprus and Russia, App. no. 25965/04, (Jan. 07, 2010)                                                                                                                            

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Reference ; Brian K. Payne, Willard M. Oliver & Nancy E. Marion, INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINAL JUSTICE: A BALANCED APPROACH1210(2019); Bernd Hecker, The EU and the Fight against Organised Crime,in INTERNATIONAL LAW AND TRANSNATIONAL ORGANISED CRIME 76 (Pierre Hauck and Sven Peterke eds., 2016); Kimberley Garth-James, Human Traffic.

Veljko Turanjanin and Jelena Stanisavljevi

Reviewed on 23/02/2025 Currency; Its a German law Journal received 12 December 2022; accepted 22 May 2023; first published online 29 January 2024 making the journal article recent. This journal article was well researched as it includes articles 4 of European convection on human rights. The author includes the European union law the charter which contain the rights and freedom.

This journal article talks about Prostitution, human trafficking and slavery which is relevant as it is against human rights. It talks about how human trafficking has become an extreme profitable component of organised crime which is a threat to the political and economical world worldwide by promoting creation of legal documentation. Nowadays people are earning lots of money through illegal activities such as drug trafficking, illegal immigration through human trafficking for sexual exploitation and other illegal activities that may include money laundering.

The author University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia, Veljko Turanjanin includes data from criminologists, human rights articles and sociologists who have done their investigations on this issue. The article was published by cambridge press who have carefully went through the article before it was published. Dr Jelena stanisavjevic' is a PHD candidate and researcher at the faculty of law of Kragujevac.

To challenge the state that simply criminalising human trafficking and forced prostitution is not enough they should come up with a better measure to protect victims of the same. It also challenges the state to constantly anticipate new potential harm that may befall the society.

The EU security strategy which is to protect the society against organised crimes should cooperate with third world country to protect them from human trafficking, forced prostitution and slavery

The issue of human trafficking and prostitution exploitation as a worldwide issue has attracted great attention in recent years as many offenders use social media as an advertising tool. The government should strive to protect victims of the same by investigating carefully and punishing the accountable people as many victim do not get justice. The government in each country should have strict rules against slavery, human trafficking and prostitution. Example when illegal immigrants are brought in a certain country for work purposes and are forced to work and pay this is a form of human exploitation.

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Smith, M. B. & Pickren, W. E. (in press). The American Psychological Association: Social responsibility and social justice. In W. E. Pickren & A. Rutherford (Eds.), 125 Years of the American Psychological Association (pp. 359-391). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

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(Reviewed on 15th feb 2025)

This article is a journal article written by a psychological professor. He is one of the major champions of Humanistic psychology. He was the president of the APA association in 1978 to 1979. The article was written by other members of psychology like for example Pickren and Rutherford and has gone through assessment before it was published. The article tells us the history of human rights which originated from the USA constitution 1789 and the United nations in 1948 it is accurate as we still follow laws according to the USA constitution and the United nations.

The USA constitution was written by 55 delegates at the constitutional convenctio in Philadelphia in 1987 which then influenced constitution in other nations. The constitution was formed as a result of political compromise after a heated debate over slavery, representation and the state rights.

The article was published in 2017 which means this article is recent. I got this article from the Findit making it reliable as it has been filtered by the school.

I chose this article because there has been significant change since then companies are trying to be more inclusive by employing black people in different positions. Take for example from this article before black people were not included in the psychological sector but since then there has been lots of black people earning their PHD which opened opportunities for black people to thrive in the psychological sector. We can also see more women in power now than in the past.

The purpose of this article is to challenge business owners and the world to promote fairness and to emphasis that all lives matter. We are all equal. For example;

In the case of women and men there is a huge gap when it comes to the case of equal pay. In some companies they have certain jobs specifically asking for a man to perform a task when a woman can also do the same task just as good as the man.

The article shows us the history of human rights and the story of how black people were able to study and work in the field of psychology and attain PHDs . This article challenges business owners and people in general to be more inclusive and united. Although there is progress when in come to diversity and inclusivity at work, there is still room for improvement. The article also talks about fairness between both genders. It challenges the saying ' It's a man's world' women should have equal opportunities at work as men do and should also be considered for leadership positions.