# data[].attributes.body
An English language learner (ELL) is a student whose primary language is not English and who is in the process of acquiring proficiency in the English language. ELLs may also be referred to as English learners (ELs), dual-language learners, or emergent bilinguals.

# data[].attributes.body
Children develop their language processing system through a process of acquisition, starting with recognizing individual words and sounds, then combining them into phrases and sentences.

# data[].attributes.body
Phonemic Awareness: The ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual sounds (phonemes) in spoken words.

Phonics: The understanding of the relationship between letters (graphemes) and sounds (phonemes).

Semantics: The meaning of words and sentences.

Syntax: The arrangement of words in a sentence.

# data[].attributes.body
comprehension refers to a child's ability to understand what they are reading. It involves more than just decoding words; it requires making connections between the text and prior knowledge, visualizing, and thinking critically about the information. Developing strong comprehension skills is crucial for overall literacy and academic success.

# data[].attributes.body
IXL

Kahoot

Epic!

Vooks

FlipGrid

PebbleGo

KhanAcademy

# data[].attributes.body
Scarborough's reading rope is an illustration representing the many skills that an individual needs to become a fluent reader.

Made up of 8 different strands

# data[].attributes.body
In the context of elementary education, morphology is the study of how words are formed by combining meaningful units called morphemes. It involves understanding how prefixes, suffixes, and root words interact to create new words and change their meaning. Essentially, it's about breaking down words into their component parts to better understand their structure and meaning.

# data[].attributes.body
The Simple View of Reading in elementary education posits that reading comprehension is the product of two core skills: word recognition (decoding) and language comprehension. It's essentially a formula: Decoding (word recognition) x Language Comprehension = Reading Comprehension.

# data[].attributes.body
Dyslexia in elementary students is characterized by difficulties with reading, spelling, and writing, often impacting their ability to decode words and read fluently. These challenges can lead to frustration, anxiety, and a negative impact on their overall learning and self-esteem. Early identification and intervention are crucial for supporting students with dyslexia in achieving their full potential.

# data[].attributes.headline
Ehri's Four Phases of Word Recognition  

# data[].attributes.subject
Ehri's Four Phases of Word Recognition  

# data[].attributes.body
Ehri's Four Phases of Word Reading:

1. 1. Pre-alphabetic Phase:

In this initial phase, children rely on visual cues like logos and pictures to recognize words, rather than understanding the letter-sound relationship. They may "read" words based on their overall shape or familiar symbols.

2. 2. Partial Alphabetic Phase:

Children in this phase begin to use some letter-sound correspondence to decode words, but their knowledge is still limited. They may recognize some letters and their corresponding sounds, but their phonemic awareness is not fully developed.

3. 3. Full Alphabetic Phase:

Readers in this phase demonstrate a strong understanding of the graphophonemic system, using their knowledge of letter-sound correspondences to decode unfamiliar words and build their sight word vocabulary. They can accurately analyze the connections between graphemes and phonemes in words.

4. 4. Consolidated Alphabetic Phase:

Children in this phase consolidate their knowledge of letter-sound correspondences and use larger units, like blends, syllables, and morphemes, to decode words. They develop fluency in reading and spell words accurately.

# data[].attributes.headline
What is the Science of Reading/Structured Literacy?

# data[].attributes.subject
What is the Science of Reading/Structured Literacy?

# data[].attributes.body
The "science of reading" is a body of research that examines how the brain learns to read and identifies effective reading instruction strategies.

Structured Literacy (SL) is an instructional approach that emphasizes explicit, systematic, and sequential teaching of all essential components of literacy, including phonology, sound-symbol association, syllables, morphology, syntax, and semantics

Benefits for All Learners:

While particularly effective for students with dyslexia, Structured Literacy can benefit all students by providing a strong foundation for reading and writing.

Aligned with the Science of Reading:

Structured Literacy is rooted in the principles of the Science of Reading, which outlines the most effective ways to teach reading based on evidence-based research

# data[].attributes.body
Phonology is the study of the patterns of sounds in a language and across languages

Examples:

Phonology is the study of sounds in language and how they're organized. It focuses on the rules and patterns that govern how speech sounds are used and can be combined. Examples of phonological phenomena include assimilation, where a sound changes to be more like a neighboring sound (e.g., "gog" instead of "dog"). Dissimilation, where a sound changes to be different from a neighboring sound (e.g., "yewow" instead of "yellow"), deletion, where a sound is omitted (e.g., "ca" instead of "cat"), and insertion, where a sound is added (e.g., "buh-lue" instead of "blue"). Phonemes, the smallest units of sound that can change word meaning, are also a key concept.

# data[].attributes.body
The alphabetic principle is a fundamental concept in reading and writing that establishes a correspondence between the letters of the alphabet and the sounds of spoken language. Essentially, it's the understanding that words in the English language are made up of letters that represent those sounds.

# data[].attributes.body
While fluency often is mistakenly defined as the ability to read quickly, it actually refers to a reader's ability to read with accuracy, speed, and proper expression. As students develop these fluency skills, they strengthen their reading comprehension skills and become better readers

# data[].attributes.body
Reading fuels the writer with ideas, language, and ways to structure and illuminate the written piece's purpose. And writing promotes a deeper understanding of any text, further building language (home language and English for ELLs), knowledge, and communication skills.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
How Does Writing Fit Into the ‘Science of Reading’?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Writing in the early grades is often segmented off from reading. Research suggests teaching them together is both efficient and effective.