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The conquest of Constantinople by Sultan Mehmed II of the Ottoman Empire. The empire did significantly shift the balance of power and encouraged Europeans to find new routes to Asia. 

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Europeans used Africans for hard labor and their own profit. This led to intense slavery and racism, which made it easier for Europeans to justify colonizing the continent during this time period. 

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Hernan Cortes and his army took over the Aztec empire and took advantage of domestic instability and native rivalries. This led to many consequences such as sparking a wave of conquests and the rise of the encomienda system. 

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The rise of Mughal Empire was established due to Abu Akbar, known as one of the greatest leaders. He supported all religions and creating a form of delegated government.

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Francisco Pizarro and his army conquered the Inca empire. He captured and executed Atahualpa. This marked the beginning of Spanish colonization of South America and brought an end to Incas centralized political system. 

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Tokugawa family takes power after 100 years. Tokugawas were against Japanese Christians and expelled missionaries. It was a time period where Japan was isolated from the rest of the world and restored unity/order to Japan. 

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The Closed Country Policy in Japan forbid Japanese people to leave the country. All Europeans besides the Dutch were forced to leave Japan and were only allowed to trade in Nagasaki, but limited to 1 ship per year. 

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Ming Dynasty ends when Manchus takes over and the rise of Qing Dynasty begins. The Ming Dynasty weakened by internal rebellions occurring in China. This resulted into China being ruled by foreigners and were taken advantage of.   

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The Qing Dynasty annexed Taiwan and Tibet. The Qing expanded in all of modern day China and was important because it increased the population as well as established an integrated national economy. 

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Feudalism emerges in Japan and the Emperor lost all of its political power when the Shoguns took over. Shoguns were supreme military commanders. Feudalism allowed societies to retain a stable political structure and allowed Japan to distribute power and land locally. 

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Cartwright, Mark. "1453: The Fall of Constantinople." World History Encyclopedia. World History Encyclopedia, 23 Jan 2018. Web. 02 Feb 2025.

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Cartwright, Mark. "1453: The Fall of Constantinople." World History Encyclopedia. World History Encyclopedia, 23 Jan 2018. Web. 02 Feb 2025.