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Please upload your answers to your assigned questions on this padlet. Please include your group number and the title and number of your questions - for example: Marissa 2

Thank you!

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What Hormones are Responsible for Bone Remodeling?

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What Hormones are Responsible for Bone Remodeling?

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Parathyroid Hormone, Estrogen, Calcitonin, Vitamin D, testosterone.

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2. What are the cells involved in bone remodeling and what do they do?

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2. What are the cells involved in bone remodeling and what do they do?

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Osteoclasts break down old bone tissue and osteoblasts build up new bone tissue.

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Why is  Vitamin D important for calcium absorption?  

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Why is  Vitamin D important for calcium absorption?  

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Vitamin D is important for calcium absorption as it optimizes intestinal calcium and phosphorus for proper formation of bone mineral matrix.

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what are the risks and benefits of HRT for osteopenia and osteoporosis? 

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what are the risks and benefits of HRT for osteopenia and osteoporosis? 

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Some risks HRT can have is that it can cause nausea, headaches, vaginal bleeding. It can depend on the age and medical history as well.

Benefits: it can prevent bone loss and help strengthen bones.

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explain specifically how osteoporosis affects the bone matrix and the normal bone remodeling cycle

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explain specifically how osteoporosis affects the bone matrix and the normal bone remodeling cycle

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Osteoporosis causes an imbalance in the bone remodeling and bone absorption cycle. This is often due to hormone or nutrient deficiency which come with aging or a poor diet. One example of this in women is the decline in estrogen levels as they age. Estrogen plays a crucial role in inhibiting osteoclast activity. This leads to a bone mass decreasing.

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What Groups does the national osteoporosis foundation recommend be screened for bone loss and why? 

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What Groups does the national osteoporosis foundation recommend be screened for bone loss and why? 

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All men and women over age 65, postmenopausal women and men age 50 and older who have had a fracture in adulthood, postmenopausal women and men age 50-69 based on risk factors people with hyperthyroidism or hyperparathyroidism, people taking chronic glucocorticoids.

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When should individuals take calcium supplements? 

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When should individuals take calcium supplements? 

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Calcium supplements should be taken with food, and the timing depends on the type of calcium and other medicines you take.

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What is the role of the following in mainting calcium? Parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, calcitrol?

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What is the role of the following in mainting calcium? Parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, calcitrol?

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Parathyroid hormone regulates calcium levels in the blood by stimulating the release of calcium from bones, absorbing calcium from food, and reducing calcium loss in urine.

Calcitonin plays a key role in maintaining calcium levels in the blood by inhibiting the breakdown of bone, thereby preventing excessive calcium release into the bloodstream.

Calcitrol plays a role in enhancing absorption calcium and phosphate from the gastrointestinal tract, helping renal tubular reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys, and stimulating the release of calcium stores from the skeletal system.

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3. Discuss the effects of sodium, caffeine, and alcohol on calcium levels in the body.  

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3. Discuss the effects of sodium, caffeine, and alcohol on calcium levels in the body.  

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High intake of sodium, caffeine, and alcohol can all contribute to decreased calcium levels in the body by increasing the amount of calcium excreted through urine.

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1. Why is Vitamin D important for calcium absorption?

Vitamin D supports bone health by enhancing calcium absorption from food and, together with calcium, helps protect older adults from osteoporosis.

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4. What is the effect of drinking large quantities of soda on bone health? 

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4. What is the effect of drinking large quantities of soda on bone health? 

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Drinking large amounts of soda can negatively impact bone health by decreasing bone density and increasing the risk of fractures due to the high phosphoric acid content which interferes with calcium absorption.

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Group 4, Question 2                          When should individuals take calcium supplements? 

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Group 4, Question 2                          When should individuals take calcium supplements? 

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Calcium supplements should be taken in correlation to other medicine the person is prescribed.

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6.  What is BMD (bone mineral density) and how is it measured? 

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6.  What is BMD (bone mineral density) and how is it measured? 

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Bone Mineral Density measures bone strength by the amount of minerals in the bones. It's assessed using a Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry DEXA scan, which uses low-level X-rays to evaluate bone density.

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Sodium and Caffeine can lower the level of calcium in the body by increasing the amount that is exited through urine

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1. Type 1 osteoporosis occurs primarily in women after menopause due to a rapid decline in estrogen levels, leading to increased osteoclast activity and accelerated bone loss. Especially in the trabecular bone of the spine and wrists, making fractures more common. Type 2 osteoporosis affects both men and women over age 70 and results from age-related bone loss decreased calcium absorption, and reduced osteoblast activity leading to weakened cortical and trabecular bone

2. Older aduls, men with low testosterone, individuals with a family history of osteoporosis, people with calcium or vitamin D deficiencies are some factors that contribute to decreased bone denstiy and increased fracture risk

3. HRT is a treatment where hormones, like estrogen and sometimes progesterone are given to help balance hormone levels, especially in women going through menopause, to reduce symptoms and prevent bone loss

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7. . Describe the types of exercise that help prevent osteoporosis. Why? 

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7. . Describe the types of exercise that help prevent osteoporosis. Why? 

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Weight bearing exercises like walking, jogging, and dancing help prevent osteoporosis by strengthening bones. Resistance exercises, such as lifting weights, build muscle and improve bone density. Balance exercises, like yoga, reduce the risk of falls and fractures.