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- recognizing the everyone is created from God's image
- loving God is impossible without loving our neighbor
-  loving our neighbor is part of our hope for the new order
- Hating others is also harming to ourselves
- darkness cannot drive out darkness only light can do that (Martin Luther King)
-  today's situations like the pandemic require to overcome man-made barriers and to reach out to each other, to find those in need

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- Different texts in scripture
- dont do anything to anyone which you don't want to be done to yourself
- You might become the neighbour yourself
- Question of attitude
- Problem of personal safety

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Discover goodness of our cultures. Rich tradition among our faith, it can become exclusive. Tear down deculturalization, destructive.

Namaste: embodying the love of God in other person. Philosophy that help us to support Advaitha philosophy with Adithi deco Bava and Namasthe. Seeing God in others.
Certain interpretations that are coded in some of the scriptures and most times this scriptural passages exclude others Imago Dei. Image has to be within us and the belonging to the same family. Humankind and solidarity beyond religious differences. Universal fatherhood about God and universal brotherhood of man will go a long way in enhancing our understanding of the idea of neighbors.

How we are able to do that in our own lives. Friendship and we have been able to keep this friendship. Religious fundamentalism stands, religious nationalist claims. Creature of God and categorize others as ourselves, Samaritan parable. Who’s neighbor I am?

It affects the whole conversation thinking whose neighbor I am.

Caste system in India: High cast and what implications does this understanding have towards the image of God?  Recognition can be we face in church today. 7 regions in Kerala, churches for high cast and low cast people.

How do we love others? Understand who the neighbor is in the larger concept of it? Make to have a broader understanding who the neighbor is, it includes people that you consider as a religious other. Islamic perspective has several verses from the prophet that makes us understand that we need to consider the other person. Within the Islamic perspective there is an appeal with universal ideas foundations that can help to consider a person as a neighbor.
There is light in every religion
There are people  with no religion.

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Theological perspective:

Example of the good samaritan (Lk 10:25-37)

Only qualification for people to be loved is just their "neighbourhood", not their system of believes

It's our moral duty to love the neighbour

Proverb: You don't use evil to pay back evil!

Philosophical perspective:

Kant's categorical imperative: "Act only according to that maxim whereby you can, at the same time, will that it should become a universal law"
Sicne we don't want to be excluded from our community regardless of our believes or points of view, we should love the other even if we find their views extreme.

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The christian theology asks us to love the other without defining the other in any way so even others who wrong us are included in this and we are as christians on a journey to become more christlike and christ included outsiders. A philosophical thought would be that just through the power of love you are able turn an enemy into a friend. The goodness should not be based on religious thought or philosophical ideas but should be an intrinsic motivation.

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"Act only according to that maxim whereby you can, at the same time, will that it should become a universal law"
Sicne we don't want to be excluded from our community regardless of our believes or points of view, we should love the other even if we find their views extreme

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Share an experience of being in the space of an other that you have had:
- experience of racism -> confronting it
- being defined based on the surname (caste)
- entering a space of another community as someone from a privileged position is different from entering into space from a less privileged position
- being a foreigner -> that experience can change the attitude towards foreigners
- building up after natural catastrophe: from "we need to help them" (we - them) to being one among them
Where do you experience globalization in your context?
- the market: as cusomer I am forced to buy products which are not good for me
- human beings are considered as products
- globalization in education -> access to experience from people outside of my own contexts, empowers people to proceed in their education
- abuse is no longer kept silent and un-noticed from the larger public
- movements for f.ex. social justice are getting attention, plural voices are coming out
What concerns and genuine interests might drive separation and exclusion?
- fear of others
-fear of change
What might be effective ways of cultivating sympathy and buildung strong ties among neighbors across economic and political divides?
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- enable people to meet
create more common space for meaningful neighborhood f.ex. celebrating different ways of celebrating
- positive narratives of change

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Aspects of globalization:

Pro:

digitalization allows for connection and communication all over the world

connected production chains

Cons:

poverty poses an even bigger thread for kids growing up being "left out"

spread of diseases (for example COVID-19)

Politicization of out-groups:

due to the conflict between Israel and Palestine jews in Germany were recently attacked due to their jewish identity without being directly connected to the conflicts

in ethiopian context the out-groups based on ethnicity are being politicized a lot. Seeing other people defined by their group/ethnicity fuels division between the different groups.

in ghanaian context - while in general quite peaceful - during political elections the parties separate between location and religious groups. Trying to build a own profile in contrast to the other political parties they create out-groups depending on who ends up being elected

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interations with the other: day to day interactions, classroom, workplace, as a volunteer, we try to learn from the other
we also interact over children: we can learn openness from them, but also have to teach them
How can we identify our neighbor during covid 19:
Covid as an opportunity to be a good neighbor, as an opportunity to come together: in Ghana : muslim and christians both pray

we have to undertand the other from their own perspective, not judge them

plurality can be a barrier to identifiying our neighbors: but plurality is a part of God's creation

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We are from diverse background of three different continents.

Globalisation is an opportunity to see the world as one home.
Issues:

North East India and rest of India conflict based on cultural/appearance difference

How media play a role in ‘labeling’ others, particularly in Germany with refugee crisis.

Solution: ‘Social’ projects incorporating  people without any religious, political difference

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There are political barries that are hindering us from knowing each other. Globalization has become an opportunity but also it has impulsed ourselves to treasure our uniqueness and otherize our differences. In order to overcome political and economic barriers is we need to see ourselves beyond our identities and embrace humankind as such. We need to define who our neighbor. Some of us work as migrants or with migrant issues. That is one concern either being guests or hosts .

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India: "my guest or my other is regarded as god"
-> Hindu proverb
Namste: the divine inside me and the divine inside you are the same, so we are the same.
-> I am respecting the divine in you
Neigbours offered brought food after the person came back from the hospital

Germany: human advent calender (people are opening their houses for outher congregational members)
Church asylum -> radical form of hospitality
Christbaum loben (to praise the Chirstmas tree): goign around the village and praise the Christmas three of the house owner's. They will serve you food and alcoholic beverages for that.

Ghana: you should street strangers with kindness
If they ask your for water, give it to them and offer them aplace to stay if you can.

BUT: where should I take care of myself so that other people don't take advantage of you or your hospitality.
-> setting boundaries
Neighbour-love-relationship shouldn't be taken for granted. Instead, it is a sharing of love. You and I should take responsability and develop a feeling of mutuality.

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Ethiopia - Coffee, food and stay
Ghana - serving water
Germany - Tea
Hospitality in Crisis,  Refugees
Hospitality to what extend?
-->  Creating time and space for the neighbor to feel comfortable to express themselves

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-Inviting the neighbor to eat is an important activity in all our contexts
-In Ghana de use of the Calabash is welcoming way to bring the neighbor
-In the Philippines the community pantry is a way to include and help out the neighbor in times of need.

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Germany: St Martin tradition where children knock doors and people receive them with sweets.
Germany: Tradition of placing hearts in peoples homes during May to whom they love
India: Wooden plate Nagas is use as an object of respect and guest/host share meals there
Mexico: Mi casa es tu casa (My home is your home), a quote that is usually placed in a form of a plate at the house entrances.

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Amharric (National language of Ethipopia)
-  Gorebet: someone who is living next to you
- Balenjera: there is also a broader term: a friend, an ally, a colleque, someone you met, the other person

Where do you meet your neighbors?
- kids playing ball games, sports with each other, youth walking in the city, older people: trinking coffee together

Malayalam language (Kerala, India)
- 'Ayalvaasi': ayal- nearby +vasi - living - someone who lives nearby (other than a family member)
- differentiated according to gender: Ayalkkaran ( a man lives nearby), Ayalkkari (a woman who lives  nearby)
- friends are closer than neighbors

Where do you meet your neighbors:
- Shopping, fences between properties (you meet there to chat), in the junction (where people gather), festivals, important life occasions

- neighbors are often very caring and concerned
- Situation during the pandemic:
neighbor relationship became more close during the lockdown, because they were there and could help

German
- Nachbar/Nachbarin: male/female person living near to you
- Nächste/Nächster: someone you have responsibilty for, someone you should care for, someone is near
- Sitznachbar: someone sitting next to you f.ex. in school, in bus or train

where do you meet your neighbors?
on the streets, street festivals, baking bread together, inviting each other, neighborhood meetings, social and cultural institutions (f.ex. shared gardens, cooking together, Tafel etc.) -> but also really depends on whether you are in a village or city
- you can meet you neighbor (in the sense of the person you're responsible for) everywhere, when going with open eyes through the world

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germany:
- Mein Gegenüber: "My Opposite" is in a conversation or standing right in front of me
- Der Nächste: "The nearest" more in an emotional or philosophical way, also used in the german translation of (Lk 10,25–37)
- Der Nachbar: "neighbor" mostly in a geographical way
- Bekannter: "the known" someone you know name and some facts about but nothing on a personal level
Ghana:
- ofinipa: neighbour among some akan
Ghana/muslimic:
- if you count 40 houses right, left in front and in the back of your house, these are all your neighbors - you may not know them but they play a role in your life

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Philippines: "kapit-bahay", the words mean "trying to embrace" and "house/home" and refer to people next to the family, people you share food with

India: ayalkaar: a person who is living next to the home, one, who is living on your street
kootukaran: friend
aathmasnetihan: best friend, informal also: chunk

Ethiopia: Bakinjeraye: the word is related to food you share and  make together
Gorebet: people living around your home

German: Nachbar: the person living next to your house,
der Nächste: more abstract, a perso n you care for, who needs your help
Gegenüber: person who is opposite of you (spatially) at the moment, someone you are communicating with

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Ibo culture in Nigeria:

Onye agbata obi: is a description
somebody who is always on my back and call;
somebody I can rely on;

Nwanne:
term for brother or sibling can be loosely used to describe a neighbour;
for neighbours who are your neighbours for a very long time ;
literally: “the child of my mother” your siblings ‑> can loosely used to describe a neighbour

Kerala/Malayalam:

ayalkkaran
the person living near another ;
we are not compelled to give things in a practical way (we just see and meet)

pravarthakan
the fellow man, actions in a practical sense;
a person I should help;

aavasyakkaran
word in the the good Samaritan parable;
describes a needy person

German:

Nachbar:
person who lives close to you in the same street or building;
maybe, you know them or maybe not

Nächste
used in the Holy Bible;
in religious and theological contexts

in Slavic Languages (Russian, Ukraine, Belorussian, Polish, Czech, Bulgarian, Slovak, Slovenian)

sosed, sąsiad, susied, sused, susid, soused, suseda, sosed
someone who is staying or sitting next to you;
similar to the German word "Nachbar"

Hungarian:

szmoszéd
neighbour, similar to the Slavic word

Dangme language (Ghana):

pakam bi
paka represents a neighbourhood/area;
somebody who is living by you; who is staying with you;
no blood relation;
BUT: you have an obligation towards that person;

nieme:
usuallay a perosn which is related with you by blood;
BUT you can use it for a neighbour too;
you should care for that person as you would care for a blood relative;

wemibi:
somebody who is living with you in the same household;
a wemibi is a person who is a blood relative of someone who is close to you;
someone of the extended family or in the old days, a former servant (in the old times);

Yoruba (Nigeria):

adujbu:
a place where people stay or live in;
a given environment ;

aladujbu:
a neighbour/ a person who lives around you;
you know some of them and some of them, you din't know at all;
if you refer to someone as neighbour, you must know that person in detail;
-> for security reasons and to know their religious believes and what to give them as a gift;
the people you know, you know very well, but sometimes you don't even know the names of your neighbours you don't know well

(I hope that all terms are wirtten correctly in the Latin alphabet)

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India

Akisüghümi. Neighbor

Abolomi- Relative

Akibolomi. Family

Nigeria

Yoruba.

Neighbor. Aladugbo, alabagbe

Alabatan. Relative someone you share with

India

Kerala from other region (4th Generation here)

Situations between neighbors and who are part of the community varies from region to region in India.

Mexico

Vecino/vecina. The one who is in your vicinity, close to the locality where you live.
Tío/tía: Social proximity

Ethiopia

Gorebet/Balenjera.
Most of the terms talk about proximity and we also have concepts that go beyond the proximity and refer into a relational closeness.

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Ghana: very diverse, neighbor is a Christian cherish love, share food, children free movement, but some time conflict with family because of religious practice copied by their kids. Your territory should not be overtaken by others. Need to protect it.
Educational unit: State allow religious groups to have their own will of training along with secular education - inculcate the religious values.
Ramadaan celebrating (fasting) in a Christian school was not allowed, and became a state issue.

: from Kerala (IDukki) tea estate context - migrants from Kerala and Tamilnadu for survival.
Colonial structure of housing style, but people of difference join together. They have courtyard where children comes together there cherishing good neighborhood.
In a city settings of Central Kerala, now where he lives: influenced by western culture, create boundaries and do not like to mingle with others.

Student Apartment, from Germany (): Neighbours are very diverse. But anonymous. Digital Neighbourhood.

(Ghana) - Acra, Madina lives in multicultural context, church nearby mostly songs through microphones come. African traditional religious practices, being child, people use

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- people can learn from each other and children can learn from each other
- giving gifts for each other celebrations
- if you have more contact to multicultarism, you are often more open towards other people
- education is important -> also learning about other religions (f.e.x in the theology faculty so that students then later can spread more knowledge and tolerance in their communities)
- difficult situations can bring neighboorhoods together -> because you realise how depended you are
- festivals can bring people together
- living libraries: https://lebendige-bibliothek.org/was-ist-die-lebendige-bibliothek/
- café abraham in Bonn: https://www.esg-bonn.com/esg-zum-mitmachen/caf%C3%A9-abraham/
gardening together: https://bonnimwandel.de/stadtfruechtchen-gemeinschaftsgarten/
cuisine for everyone: https://www.facebook.com/KuefABonn/

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German suburb:
3 ethnic groups living in the same area (people from germany, the eastern european states and from turkey). Those three groups mostly stay within their own ethnic group -> mostly due to language barriers, since neither group speaks the language of the other ones.
Religion doenst play a huge role within each of the groups, at least not so far as outwards noticably.

Ethiopian context:
My neighborhood is a condominium an Addis Ababa mainly filled with Eritrean and Ethiopians. It is diverse in terms of ethnic groups and language spoken. People did not interact much unless somebody is sick or dead. Or unless you know each other closely. May be trying to celebrate holidays together improve interaction. It is also religiously diverse including Orthodox Christians, Protestant Christians and Muslims.

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- The festival of "onam" though it's a Hindu festival, is celebrated by all in Kerala irrespective of religious differences
- Celebrating religious tradition in dormatories together
- In the Bonn central station, there are multi-religious murals on the wall
- https://cafeabraham.com/
- https://bishop-ulma.page.tl/History-of-BUC.htm