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The General Medicine Guidelines for Doctors (2009)

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The General Medicine Guidelines for Doctors (2009)

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9.  you should explain to patients how they can protect

others from infection, including the practical measures

they can take to avoid transmission, and the importance

of informing sexual contacts about the risk of transmission

of sexually transmitted serious communicable diseases.

Informing sexual contacts of patients with

a serious communicable disease

10 You may disclose information to a known sexual

contact of a patient with a sexually transmitted serious

communicable disease if you have reason to think that

they are at risk of infection and that the patient has not

informed them and cannot be persuaded to do so.3 In such circumstances, you should tell the patient before

you make the disclosure, if it is practicable and safe to

do so. You must be prepared to justify a decision to

disclose personal information without consent
(GMC guidance 2009)

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websites that can send an anonymous text to previous sexual parteners

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websites that can send an anonymous text to previous sexual parteners

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STD Check.com
https://www.stdcheck.com/anonymous-notification.php
Dont Spread It . com
https://dontspreadit.com/

BUT DOES THIS ACTUALLY WORK? IS THE PATIENT GOING TO DISCLOSE THE INFORMATION TO THEIR PREVIOUS SEXUAL ENCOUNTERS?

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Would patients like Cory TELL to their previous sexual partners that they have had a STD? 

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Would patients like Cory TELL to their previous sexual partners that they have had a STD? 

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Of the 2,000 16-24 year olds they spoke to, 56% of men and 43% of women said they found it difficult to talk openly about sexually transmitted infections with friends.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/article/42339047/how-to-tell-your-partner-or-ex-you-have-an-sti

The majority of people (67 per cent) would lie to their partner about having an ST I, the poll found.

When asked why, 92 per cent said they wouldn't want to put the other person off sleeping with them.

Shockingly, 10 per cent said they would use a condom for penetrative sex but not for oral sex even if they had an STI.

And eight per cent admitted they would still have sex without a condom.

online pharmacy Medexpress.co.uk, carried out the survey

Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-3264779/Would-tell-partner-STD-67-people-lie-8-unprotected-sex.html#ixzz5AOwd6uLM
Follow us: @MailOnline on Twitter | DailyMail on Facebook

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-3264779/Would-tell-partner-STD-67-people-lie-8-unprotected-sex.html#ixzz5AOvu6I00

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Research into using websites that can send anonymous texts to sexual partners

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Research into using websites that can send anonymous texts to sexual partners

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NETHERLANDS
Study from the netherlands (Götz et al, 2014) found that  of those using "suggestatest.com" website [Netherlands version], only 23% notified partners of recent positive tests and 20% of those partners notified subsequently consulted a sexual h ealth clinic as a result.
Götz HM, van Rooijen MS, Vriens P, Op de Coul E, Hamers M, Heijman T, van den Heuvel F, Koekenbier R, van Leeuwen AP, Voeten HA. Initial evaluation of use of an online partner notification tool for STI, called 'suggest a test': a cross sectional pilot study. Sex Transm Infect. 2014 May;90(3):195–200. doi: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051254. [PubMed] [Cross Ref] :

DONT EXPECT THE PATIENT TO TELL THEIR PARTNERS AS ONLY 23% IN THIS STUDY ACTUALLY DID VIA THE WEBSITE, however, it can be added that others may have used other forms of communication such as word of mouth or general messaging/texting.

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Research into using websites that can send anonymous texts to sexual partners

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Research into using websites that can send anonymous texts to sexual partners

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AUSTRAILIA
in Austrailia they use the website "Let them know" a study by Guy et al, 2016  attempts to uncover the effectiveness of this service..
in the study they  fo assessed how often clinicians refer edtheir patients to the Letthemknow website folllowing patinet chlamydia diagnosis.
the study found that  93.2% (138/148) of nurses agreed that  it was the clinician's responsibility to support the client in informing their partners by providing information or access to resources.
Almost half (49.4%, 76/154) of the clinicians said that they always or usually referred clients to the LetThemKnow website.
the LTK website was especially useful for patients who found it difficult to contact partners, patients who may previously have relied on clinicians making contact on their behalf.

A LOT OF CLINICIANS EXPECTED THE PATIENT TO INFORM PARTERS- which is alarming as they may not disclose the information.

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Informing partners of their risk of an STI is a sensitive issue. Our health advisors can help you with this task. They can contact your partner(s) and inform them that they may be at risk of the STI you have been diagnosed with, without naming you. To do this, the health advisors will ask you for your partner's or partners' name(s), age(s), and contact details (preferably mobile number).

Some patients may choose to inform their partners themselves. In that case, our health advisors will contact patients after a few weeks to confirm the partner(s) have been informed.

We believe that letting our health advisors contact your partner(s) is the most convenient way for you; we do not usually need to contact you again. Remember, we will never disclose your identity to your partner(s) without your permission.

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Chlamydia is passed from one person to another by sexual contact.If you have Chlamydia, then it is very likely that one or more of your sexual partners also have this infection. Telling your sexual partners is important because it:

is the only way most people will know they have this infection

stops you getting the infection back again

shows your partner that you care about them

reduces the chance of your partner developing serious problems such as infertility

stops your partner passing the infection to others

Remember, most men and women with Chlamydia don’t have any symptoms and so they don’t know they have the infection.

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non maleficence and beneficence

The nurse has a duty of care for the patients and others who may have contracted chlamydia.

The nurse needs to promote safe sex in this situation and explain that he is putting his own health and others health at risk from having unprotected sex, aswell as pregnancy

Health promotion!

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Individuals should get tested for STI's  if they are sexually active (especially regular unprotected sex) or change partners anyway, But in rural areas there are no or a lack of sexual health services and individuals are expected to go to their GP (goes on your medical records) - Seen in practice and people have a different view on the individual - and takes up GP time.
In urban areas they have sexual health clinics, but its so busy you indivudals may feel embarrased in attending the clinics and many indivudals do not know where services are and when to go.
Sexual health services in Cardiff are only open 4 hours a day for sti testing, which is not enough time to see a high demand of individuals in one day.

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In England (2015) there were 200,288 cases of Clamydia

In Wales (2014) there were 5,452 new chlamydia diagnoses, compared to 5,076 in 2013, a 7.4% increase.

(FPA.org, 2016)

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What is Chlamydia and How is it contracted?

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What is Chlamydia and How is it contracted?

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Chlamydia is a bacterial infection, where the bacteria is  usually spread through unprotected sex or contact with infected genital fluids (semen or vaginal fluid).

You can get chlamydia through:

unprotected vaginal, anal or oral sex

sharing sex toys that aren't washed or covered with a new condom each time they're used

your genitals coming into contact with your partner's genitals – this means you can get chlamydia from someone even if there is no penetration, orgasm or ejaculation

infected semen or vaginal fluid getting into your eye

It can also be passed by a pregnant woman to her baby

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Chlamydia is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in the UK

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Chlamydia is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in the UK

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Most common in sexually active teenagers and young adults (Under 25)

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1) Most individuals do not experience any symptoms - until it is too late
Signs and symptoms include for women:

pain when urinating

unusual vaginal discharge

pain in the stomach or pelvis

pain or bleeding during sex

bleeding after sex

bleeding between periods

heavier periods than usual

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Complications of Chlamydia: If unknown/untreated

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Complications of Chlamydia: If unknown/untreated

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For women: Un-diagnosed/untreated chlamydia can spread to the females womb causing a serious condition called "Pelvic Inflammatory Disease", which causes infertility and pregnancy related death, such as ectopic pregnancy.

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

In women, chlamydia can spread to the womb, ovaries or fallopian tubes. This can cause a condition called pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).

PID can cause a number of serious problems, such as:

difficulty getting pregnant or infertility

persistent (chronic) pelvic pain

an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy (where a fertilised egg implants itself outside the womb)

Pregnancy complications

If you have chlamydia that's not treated while you're pregnant, there's a chance you could pass the infection on to your baby. If this happens, your baby may develop an eye infection (conjunctivitis) and lung infection (pneumonia).

Untreated chlamydia in pregnancy may also increase the risk of your baby being born prematurely (before 37 weeks of pregnancy) or with a low birth weight, and might mean you're more likely to have a miscarriage or stillbirth.

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Why Cory should tell his previous partners 

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Why Cory should tell his previous partners 

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1. It could be a chance to discuss safer sex.
2. Partners are able to get tested and treated.
3. Long term Chlamydia can lead to serious consequences such as pregnancy related death secondary to Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.
4. Prevent the spread of infection to past partners who have since engaged in sex with others.
5. Arguably, this is a morally and ethically correct. Preventing information and knowingly allowing sexual partners to go through potential harm is unethical.
6. Early treatment is more cost-effective on the NHS
7. It can be a criminal offence to engage in sexual contact and withhold information about HIV. Why shouldn't it be the same with any STI?

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You can tell past partners anonymously if he does not want them to know it was him.

Can provide details of past partners to doctors/nurses at the sexual health clinic who can notify partners.

Online anonymous texting service tells past partners they need to get tested.
https://sh24.org.uk/get-support