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The United Nations ( UN) is an organization between countries established on 24 October 1945 to promote international cooperation. It was founded to replace the League of Nations following World War II and to prevent another conflict. When it was founded, the UN had 51 Member States; there are now 193. Most nations are members of the UN and send diplomats to the headquarters to hold meetings and make decisions about global issues.

The goals of the United Nations are:

After World War I, the nations of the world formed the League of Nations. This organization was a place where nations could talk through their differences calmly. However, some countries like Germany, Italy and Japan ignored the League and tried to solve their problems through war. Members of the League of Nations did not want to go to war to protect other members and the League failed. A Second World War soon followed.

The Allies of World War II often called themselves "the United Nations" (united against the Axis Powers). After the War, the winners formed a new organization for world peace. On 25th April 1945 in San Francisco, they decided on the name '"United Nations". In June they signed the United Nations Charter saying how the organization would work. The UN was created on 24 October 1945 and its first meeting was held in January 1946. Since 1947 the 24th of October has been called "United Nations Day".

Headquarters

All organs of the United Nations are based in New York City, except the International Court of Justice which is located at The Hague in the Netherlands

The main building for the United Nations is in New York City in the United States of America, but the UN also has important offices in Geneva ( Switzerland), Nairobi ( Kenya) and Vienna ( Austria). The UN tries to be peaceful, but sometimes when talks do not work the UN, unlike the League of Nations, will fight too. In the 1950s the UN helped South Korea in a war against North Korea, and in the 1990s the UN helped to force Iraqi soldiers out of Kuwait. At other times, the UN has formed 'peacekeeping' forces. UN peacekeepers travel to troubled places in the world and try - sometimes successfully, sometimes not - to keep the peace. Today there are UN peacekeepers working in Afghanistan, Cyprus, Haiti, Liberia and several other countries. Through a series of goals, resolutions and declarations adopted by member nations of the United Nations, the world has a set of commitments, actions and goals to stop and reverse the spread of HIV and scale up towards universal access to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support services.

The United Nations has six "principal organs":

Principal organs of the United Nations

UN General Assembly
- Deliberative assembly of all U.N. member states (each country has one vote) -

UN Secretariat
- Administrative organ of the U.N. - its chairman is the UN Secretary General -

International Court of Justice
- Universal court for international law (based in The Hague) -

may resolve non-compulsory recommendations to states, or suggestions to the U.N.S.C. (not a Parliament)

decides on the admission of new members, on proposal of the U.N.S.C.

adopts the budget

elects the non-permanent members of the U.N.S.C., all members of Economic and Social Council, on the proposal of the U.N.S.C. the U.N. Secretary General, and the 15 judges of the I.C.J.

supports the other U.N. bodies administratively, e.g. in the organization of conferences, writing reports and studies, and the preparation of the budget-plan

its chairman - the U.N. Secretary General - is elected by the U.N. General Assembly for a five-year mandate and is the most important representative of the U.N.

beside its headquarters in New York City it has three main offices in Geneva, Nairobi and Vienna

decides disputes between states that recognize its jurisdiction and creates legal opinions

the 15 judges are elected by the U.N. General Assembly for nine years. It renders judgement with relative majority

parties on the I.C.J. can only be countries, however no international organizations and other subjects of international law (not to be confused with the I.C.C.)

U.N. Security Council
- For international security issues -

U.N. Economic and Social Council
- For global economical and social affairs -

U.N. Trusteeship Council
- Was administering trust territories (currently not active) -

responsible for the maintenance of international peace and security

the most powerful organ of the U.N., as it may adopt compulsory resolutions

its decisions include peacekeeping- and peace enforcement-missions, as well as non-military pressure mediums, such as trade embargos

has 15 members: five permanent members with veto power (China, Russia, France, the United Kingdom and the United States), and ten elected members

responsible for cooperation on economic and social fields (raising the general standard of living, solve economic, social and health problems, promotion of human rights, culture, education, and humanitarian aid)

therefore it has established numerous functional and regional commissions

also coordinates the cooperation with the numerous specialized agencies of the United Nations

has 54 members, who are elected by the U.N. General Assembly to serve staggered three-year mandates

was originally designed to manage colonial possessions that were earlier League of Nations mandates

is inactive since 1994, with the last trust territory (Namibia) attaining independence in 1990

Additionally there are so-called "special agencies of the United Nations". Some are older than the United Nations. Here are a few of them:

Related pages

Images for kids

In Spanish: Organización de las Naciones Unidas para niños

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Introduction

The United Nations (UN) is an association of independent countries that agreed to work together to prevent and end wars. The UN also attempts to improve social conditions by promoting international cooperation, economic development, public health, environmental conservation, and human rights. Members of the UN are supposed to cooperate peacefully and resolve differences diplomatically rather than rely on force; however, this ideal has not always been met. The UN does not make laws or...

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The United Nations (UN) is an association of independent countries that agreed to work together to prevent and end wars. The UN also attempts to improve social conditions by promoting international cooperation, economic development, public health, environmental conservation, and human rights.

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The members of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) are countries that produce more petroleum (oil) than they need. OPEC tells these countries how much oil to export, or ship to other countries. It also tells them how much money to charge for the oil. OPEC's main purpose is to help its members to make more money. OPEC's head office is in Vienna, Austria.

Oil is used to make gasoline and other fuels....

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organization of the petroleum exporting countries

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Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries

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The members of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) are countries that produce more petroleum (oil) than they need. OPEC tells these countries how much oil to export, or ship to other countries. It also tells them how much money to charge for the oil.

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The purpose of OPEC for members is to "coordinate and unify the petroleum policies of its Member Countries and ensure the stabilization of oil markets in order to secure an efficient, economic and regular supply of petroleum to consumers, a steady income to producers and a fair return on capital for those investing in the petroleum industry."

OPEC member countries monitor the market and decide collectively to raise or lower oil production in order to maintain stable prices and supply.

A unanimous vote is required on raising or lowering oil production.

Each member country controls the oil production of its country, but OPEC aims to coordinate the production policies of member countries.

Oil and energy ministers from OPEC member countries usually meet twice a year in March and September to determine OPEC's output level. They also meet in extraordinary sessions whenever required.

Current Members:
Algeria - 1969-present
Angola - 2007-present
Ecuador - 1973-1992, 2007-present
Gabon - 1975-1995; 2016-present
Iran - 1960-present - 1960-present
Kuwait - 1960-present
Libya - 1962-present
Nigeria - 1971-present
Qatar - 1961-present
Saudi Arabia - 1960-present
United Arab Emirates - 1967-present - 1960-present

Former Members:
Indonesia - 1962-2009; 2016

September 14, 1960 - OPEC is formed in Baghdad, Iraq, by founding members Iraq, Kuwait, Iran, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela.

November 6, 1962 - OPEC is registered with the United Nations Secretariat (UN Resolution No. 6363).

1973-1974 - Due to United States support of Israel in the Arab-Israeli conflict, the members of OPEC decide to raise the cost of oil from $3/barrel to around $12/barrel.

October 1973 - OPEC issues an embargo against the United States, halting oil exports. Customers in the United States experience long lines at gas stations and at times cannot find gas at all. Prices go from 36 cents a gallon in 1972 to over 50 cents a gallon in 1973.

March 18, 1974 - At an OPEC meeting, seven members lift the ban on exports to the United States: Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Egypt and Abu Dhabi. Libya and Syria refuse to drop the ban, and Iraq boycotts the talks.

December 31, 1974 - Libya lifts its 14-month-old oil embargo against the United States.

November 2007 - Ecuador rejoins OPEC after a 15-year absence.

May 2008 - Indonesia announces that it will leave OPEC in 2009. The country is currently a net importer of oil, due to falling production from aging wells.

January 1, 2009 - Indonesia suspends its membership in OPEC.

January 1, 2016-November 30, 2016 - Indonesia rejoins OPEC, but suspends its membership after 11 months.

July 2016 - Gabon rejoins OPEC.

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The purpose of OPEC for members is to "coordinate and unify the petroleum policies of its Member Countries and ensure the stabilization of oil markets in order to secure an efficient, economic and regular supply of petroleum to consumers, a steady income to producers and a fair return on capital for those investing in the petroleum industry."

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OPEC was formed in 1960 when the international oil market was largely dominated by multinational companies known as the 'seven sisters'. The formation of OPEC was a turning point in state control over natural resources. In the 1960s OPEC made sure that oil companies could not unilaterally cut prices.

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28 member states 🇦🇱 Albania 🇧🇪 Belgium 🇧🇬 Bulgaria 🇨🇦 Canada 🇭🇷 Croatia 🇨🇿 Czech Republic 🇩🇰 Denmark 🇪🇪 Estonia 🇫🇷 France 🇩🇪 Germany 🇬🇷 Greece 🇭🇺 Hungary 🇮🇸 Iceland 🇮🇹 Italy 🇱🇻 Latvia 🇱🇹 Lithuania 🇱🇺 Luxembourg 🇳🇱 Netherlands 🇳🇴 Norway 🇵🇱 Poland 🇵🇹 Portugal 🇷🇴 Romania 🇸🇰 Slovakia 🇸🇮 Slovenia 🇪🇸 Spain 🇹🇷 Turkey 🇬🇧 United Kingdom 🇺🇸 United States

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After World War II (1939-45) the Communist government of the Soviet Union set up other Communist governments in several countries of eastern Europe. The countries of western Europe feared that the Soviets would spread Communism even farther. The United States and other western countries shared their concern. This tension between the Soviet Union and its western rivals became known as the Cold War.

To protect each other against the Soviets, 12 countries formed NATO in 1949. The original NATO members were Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the United States. More countries joined later.

In 1955 the Soviet Union and its Communist allies formed an organization similar to NATO. It was called the Warsaw Pact.

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After World War II (1939-45) the Communist government of the Soviet Union set up other Communist governments in several countries of eastern Europe. The countries of western Europe feared that the Soviets would spread Communism even farther. The United States and other western countries shared their concern.

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Truman signing the NATO agreement

NATO Facts: Fast Fact Sheet
Fast, fun facts and Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ's) about NATO.

What does NATO stand for? NATO stands for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization

When was NATO formed? The date NATO was formed was on April 4, 1949.

Who were the original members of NATO? The original members of NATO were Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom and the United States.

Why was NATO created? NATO, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, was created to provide collective security after WW2 and to counter the threat of further Communist expansion during the Cold War.

NATO Facts for kids The following fact sheet contains interesting information, history and facts on NATO members for kids.

NATO Facts for kids

The establishment of the " NATO Facts - 1: Iron Curtain", the boundary that separated the free democratic countries of the West with the communist dominated countries of the East, and the threat of further Communist expansion started the Cold War .

the United States adhered to the NATO Facts - 2: During the Cold War Domino Theory and adopted the policy of Containment, which was designed to restrict communist expansion by keeping communism within its present territory by diplomatic, military and economic actions.

NATO Facts - 3: Containment was a key element of the Truman Doctrine and the US-financed relief package provided by the Marshall Plan.

The Berlin Crisis (1 April, 1948 - 12 May, 1949) saw the Soviets mount the NATO Facts - 5: Berlin Blockade and convinced many Americans that the Soviets were planning to extend their power through further conquests in Europe. Support began to grow for the idea of a post-war military alliance with the countries of western Europe which would further the US policy of containment.

Continued...

NATO Facts for kids

Facts about NATO Facts for kids The following fact sheet continues with interesting information, history and facts on NATO for kids.

NATO Facts for kids

1955: The USSR condemned NATO as a warmongering alliance and on May 14, 1955 the Soviet Union created a counter-alliance called the NATO Facts - 16: Warsaw Pact. The Warsaw Pact was a collective defense treaty among 8 communist 'satellite nations' of Central and Eastern Europe in existence during the Cold War. The Warsaw Pact was led by the USSR and consisted of the Soviet Union, Albania, Poland, Romania, Hungary, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, and Bulgaria..

2001: Following the NATO Facts - 21: 9/11 terrorist attacks in 2001, the supportive reaction from Russia led to the establishment of the Nato-Russia Council in May 2002. The Nato-Russia Council gives Russia an equal role with the NATO countries in decision-making on policies to counter terrorism and other security threats.

NATO Facts for kids

NATO Members and Countries
There are currently 28 independent members of NATO. The member countries are Albania, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Turkey, United Kingdom and the United States.

NATO and SEATO
The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization ( SEATO), was formed on September 8, 1954 as the Southeast Asian version of NATO to create a mutual defense pact aimed at containing the spread of Communism by the People's Republic of China and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam).

NATO Alphabet Definition and History
Definition: The NATO Alphabet, is a series of 26 code words. Each code word represents one of the twenty-six letters of the English language. In military use British and American armed forces each developed their own phonetic alphabets before both forces adopted the ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) alphabet in 1956 during the Cold War. The standard NATO Alphabet was adopted so that messages could be conveyed via the radio or telephones without error or misunderstanding. The NATO alphabet is used not only by the military, airline pilots and the police but also by commercial enterprises such as call centers.

NATO - President Harry Truman Video
The article on the NATO provides detailed facts and a summary of one of the important events during his presidential term in office. The following Harry Truman video will give you additional important facts and dates about the political events experienced by the 33rd American President whose presidency spanned from April 12, 1945 to January 20, 1953.

NATO

● Interesting Facts about NATO members for kids and schools
● Summary and Definition of NATO in US history
● NATO Facts with important dates and key events about members
● NATO Members and Facts with important dates and key events
● Fast, fun, interesting facts about NATO members
● Foreign & Domestic policy of President Truman
● NATO members and facts for schools, homework, kids and children

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Truman signing the NATO agreement NATO Facts: Fast Fact Sheet Fast, fun facts and Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ's) about NATO. What does NATO stand for? NATO stands for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization When was NATO formed? The date NATO was formed was on April 4, 1949.

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The United Nations is part of the UN system, which is made up of the UN itself and many funds, programmes, specialized agencies, and other organizations. Together they work towards Maintaining International Peace and Security; Protecting Human Rights; Delivering Humanitarian Aid; Supporting Sustainable Development and Climate Action and Upholding International Law.

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Definition and Purpose of the United Nations

Imagine how the world might look if no opportunities were available for countries to discuss international matters. Would there be cooperation among countries? Would there be consensus on international matters? Would any international problems be resolved?

Countries generally enter into treaties in order to resolve matters between each other. However, on more complex worldwide matters, such as world peace and promoting social justice for humanity, a forum is needed to foster discussion and decision. The United Nations is one such organization.

The United Nations (UN) is an international organization created in 1945, shortly after the end of WWII. The UN was formed by 51 countries in order to encourage resolution of international conflicts without war and to form policies on international issues. Like most organizations, the UN was formed in order to meet certain goals and purposes. Article I of the Charter of United Nations specifies the purposes of the UN. The Charter of United Nations (UN Charter) is the UN's governing document, much like the Constitution of the United States of America.

The UN Charter sets out four main purposes:

1. Maintaining worldwide peace and security

2. Developing relations among nations

3. Fostering cooperation between nations in order to solve economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian international problems

4. Providing a forum for bringing countries together to meet the UN's purposes and goals

History of the United Nations

The predecessor entity to the UN was the League of Nations. The League of Nations was established during WWI in 1919 by the Treaty of Versailles (one of the peace treaties adopted at the end of WWI). The League of Nations' goal was to encourage cooperation between countries and keep international peace and security. Unfortunately, the League of Nations failed to prevent WWII and, therefore, was seen as a failure.

The phrase 'United Nations' was first used by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1942 Declaration by United Nations to describe the group of countries signing such declaration. The Declaration by United Nations was a pledge by twenty-six nations to fight together as the Allied Powers against the Axis Powers during WWII. The Axis Powers was a coalition of countries in WWII headed by Germany, Italy, and Japan.

Two months after WWII ended, the representatives of the Allied Powers and twenty-four other countries met in San Francisco for the United Nations Conference on International Organization. The conference's sole purpose was to draft the UN Charter. On June 26, 1945, the United Nations Charter was signed by 51 countries, including Poland, which did not attend the conference but signed later. Shortly after the UN formation, other countries began joining. After the ratification of the UN Charter, the remaining members of the League of Nations met and unanimously voted to transfer all of its assets to the United Nations and formally dissolve the League of Nations.

Members of the UN

Originally, there were 51 members of the UN. Today, however, there are 193 member countries, which includes most of the countries around the world. Membership in the UN is generally open to any country that is peace-loving and agrees to be bound by the principles in the UN Charter. In order to gain membership, a country must apply. Any application for membership goes to the Security Council for review and vote. The Security Council is the main UN committee responsible for maintaining peace and security.

It contains five permanent members:

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what is the united nations? - definition

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members & purpose - video & lesson transcript | study.com

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What is the United Nations? - Definition, History, Members & Purpose - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com

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Imagine how the world might look if no opportunities were available for countries to discuss international matters. Would there be cooperation among countries? Would there be consensus on international matters? Would any international problems be resolved? Countries generally enter into treaties in order to resolve matters between each other.

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Som oef this information I got it from United Nations website.