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Insomnia: a persistent inability to fall asleep, waking up feeling unrefreshed, or being awake a lot during the night
Narcolepsy: Overpowering urge to fall asleep that may occur while talking or standing up
Sleep apnea: temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and consequent momentary re-awakenings
Night terrors, the sudden arousal from sleep with intense fear accompanied by psychological reactions
Sleepwalking, a stage 4 disorder which is usually harmless and unrecalled the next day
Sleep Talking, talking during sleep, runs in families

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Freud's Wish Fulfillment: Dreams have hidden meanings based on unconscious wants/desires
Information-processing: Dreams help us sort out the day’s events and consolidate our memories
Physiological Foundation: regular brain stimulation from REM sleep may help develop and preserve neural pathways
Activation Synthesis: REM sleep triggers impulses that evoke random visual memories, which our sleeping brain weaves into stories
Cognitive theory: Dream content reflects dreamers’ cognitive development; Their knowledge and understanding

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Stage 1: Awake-Light sleep; Typically lasts 1-10 minutes
Stage 2: This is the transition period between deep sleep and REM; It is light sleep
Stage 3: Deep sleep; Brain is mostly using delta waves with occasional spikes
Stage 4: The Deepest sleep; sleeping waves are composed of almost entirely Delta Waves; Sleepwalking and anything of the sorts mostly occur in this stage.
REM: Stands of Rapid Eye Movement, light sleep. Considered the most important sleep stage, the period you are in REM increases with every cycle

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Circadian Rhythm influences the sleep-wake cycles of our body, hormone releases, eating habits and digestion, and body temperature.

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Follow your sleep clock, go to bed when you feel tired and leading up to and during those hours make sure to exposure yourself to as little artificial light as possible; It throws off your Rhythm.

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If potentially experiencing Insomnia, Sleep Apnea, or Narcolepsy, contact a doctor.

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You can experience Sleep Apnea up to 500 times a night
About 10% of the world’s population experience sleepwalking at least once
There is a genetic disease called Fatal familial insomnia that appears in your 40s that makes you unable to fall asleep, within 6-30 months you die of organ failure; This disease has no known cures.

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Keep a dream log, this will help with lucid dreaming; Even if you don't remember your dream, just write nothing.

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1. There are different times of day where you are better at different things

2. Some people have their wake sleep times further to the night side or further to the morning side.

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1. Both REM and Stage 4 sleep are important for maintaining bodily functions, and mental capacity.
2. It's theorized that the REM stage is a time when your mind is storing the information of that day and a byproduct of this work is dreams

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Most evidence points towards information processing theory, but America's society points towards Freud's wish fulfillment theory.

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1. Make sure at least 8-9 hours to ensure good amounts of REM sleep