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The battle of the Appomattox court house was one of the last battles of the Civil War. When Grant captured the courthouse, he offered generous surrender terms and Robert E. Lee surrendered. Thus, the Civil War ended.
http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/appomattox-court-house

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The Battle of Vicksburg, also called the Siege of Vicksburg was fought on May 18, 1863 between the Union and the Confederates. The Confederate troops surrendered on July 4, 1863.
http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/vicksburg-campaign

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General Lee and his confederate troops were attacking the North when they ran into General Meade and his troops. After a long and tough battle, General Meade came out on top. This was the turning point of the war because it drove the Confederates out of the North.  Union suffered 23,049 casualties while the Confederates suffered 28,063 casualties. After this battle is when Lincoln gave his famous Gettysburg address.
http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/battle-of-gettysburg

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The Battle of Fredricksburg was fought in the winter of 1862. The North's strategy was to charge them head on thinking that their 122,000 men were enough to overwhelm them. This didn't work and the Union suffered a horrible defeat having 12,653 casualties while the Confederates only suffered 5,377 casualties. They lost because they thought that sheer numbers were enough to overpower the Confederates who occupied the town.
http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/battle-of-fredericksburg

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The Battle of Shiloh was fought in southwestern Tennessee and took place from April 6 1862 to April 7 1862. The battle began when Confederates ambushed General Ulysses S. Grant. After initial success, the Confederates were unable to hold their positions and retreated.
http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/battle-of-shiloh

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The First Battle of Bull Run occurred on July 21, 1861 near Manassas Junction, Virginia. 35,000 Union troops marched from Washington DC and 20,000 Confederates marched along a small river. Many people came and picnicked thinking that the battle wouldn't be as bloody. The Confederates ended up winning giving them a surge of confidence.
http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/first-battle-of-bull-run

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The Battle of Antietam, also known as the Battle of Sharpsburg was fought September 22, 1862. Robert E. Lee attacked in his attempt to invade the north. After a very deadly fight, General George McClellan's army won even though many historians consider it a stalemate.
http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/battle-of-antietam

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The Battle of Hampton Roads occurred on March 8th, 1862 to March 9th, 1862. The Confederates  charged the Union blockade with their new ironclad CSS Virginia. The Virginia ended up running right through the blockade since all of the shots fired from the Union ships couldn't damage the Virginia. The Union happened to commission their first ironclad warship, the USS Monitor around the same time. The CSS Virginia and the USS Monitor fought it out off the shore of Sewell's Point (modern day Norfolk). The battle ended up in a tie, but each side thought they had won.
https://www.battlefields.org/learn/civil-war/battles/hampton-roads

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During the Civil War, the war technology was a lot more advanced than before. They had more advanced rifles and cannons when compared to the Revolutionary War

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- Excellent generals
- Defending is easier than attacking
- Farmers fought better than the factory workers
- Profitable economy based on cotton

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Thomas Stonewall Jackson served as  a Confederate general during the Civil War. Jackson was leading scouts through the forest when a North Carolina regiment mistook them for an enemy cavalry. He was severely injured and seemed to be recovering, but died from pneumonia on May 10, 1863. https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/stonewall-jackson

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- Large population
- Many industrial goods
- Efficient railroad system
- Controlled the Navy
- Capable military leaders

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Jefferson Davis served as the only president of the Confederacy from 1861-1865. He was born on June 3, 1808 and died on December 6, 1889. Davis attended college in Kentucky at Transylvania and entered the US Military Academy at West Point in 1824.

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Ulysses Simpson Grant served as the army general during the Civil War along as being the 18th president of the United States of America. He commanded many fights to help the Union win the Civil War.

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The election of 1860 made Lincoln president. He had all of the electoral votes from the Union which were the states that had more votes. If two or three more states had voted for Breckenridge, Lincoln would have not been president. Lincoln helped stop slavery and helped the Union win the war. He was assassinated at Ford's Theater by John Wilkes Booth.

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Fort Sumter was a Union occupied fort that was located off of the coast of Confederate South Carolina. In the middle of the night the Confederate troops attacked Fort Sumter and forced the Union to surrender the fort.

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Kansas was a state in which slavery was based on the popular sovereignty. Because of this, citizens from the North and the South moved to Kansas. These citizens were very passionate about their opinion on slavery, causing violence and fights to break out.

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John Brown was dissatisfied about how pacifistic and peaceful the current abolitionists were. Brown believed that armed insurrections was the most effective way to free the slaves. In 1959, Brown and his followers raided a federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry to steal supplies and weapons. He was later captured and tried on counts of treason against the Commonwealth of Virginia, the murder of five men, and encouraging slave insurrection. He was found guilty for all of these crimes, and then hanged.

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The runaway slaves that were found were forced to be sent back to their owners to work for them again. Because of this, many slaves fled to Canada, where slavery is illegal. The fine for aiding a slave would be fined or arrested. The fugitive slave also could not testify in court.

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Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote the book called "Uncle Tom's Cabin" which sparked many things between the northerners and the southerners.The northerners at the time didn't really care about slavery until they read this book. This book gave them an insight as to what slavery was and how cruel it was. When the southerners found out about the book, they were enraged, calling it unfair propaganda.

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The 54th regiment was the first organized black regiment in the Civil War. They served under a white man showing the inequality that was occurring even in the North.

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Lincoln's plan was that 10% of men from the southern states must pledge their loyalty to rejoin the US. The Wade-Davis plan was that the Confederates can't be trusted and a majority of men form a southern state must pledge their loyalty for their state to rejoin the US.

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The 13th Amendment stated that slavery shall not occur in the United States.
The 14th Amendment stated that any person born in the US or any person naturalized is declared a US citizen.
The 15th Amendment stated that people's rights for voting will not be determined by their race or color.

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After the Civil War, the government started to reconstruct the south since most of the battles took place. This took place and started to make it so that African Americans had more rights, and made it so that certain states could rejoin the US.

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On New Year's day (January 1st, 1863), Lincoln put the Emancipation Proclamation into action. This caused slaves to be free in the southern states. The Emancipation Proclamation made it so that African Americans can fight in the war. This also made it so that it changed the cause the Union would fight for. This made it so that the Union's